2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)
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2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 262 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 B1(B1 级在英语六级文章中占 3%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Many people enjoy secret codes. The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out. In wartime, codes are especially important. They help the army send news about battles and the size of enemy forces. Neither side wants its code broken by the other.

One very important code was never broken. It was used during World War II by the Americans. It was a spoken code never written down. And it was developed and used by Navajo Indians. They were called "the Navajo code talkers". The Navajos created the code in their own language. Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the alphabet. For instance, the letter A was ant or apple or ax.

The code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned to a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander. The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the U.S. government honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Importance of Wartime Codes

    Codes are essential for protecting military information in wartime.

    本段承担全文的 opening function,先建立“战时通信必须保密”这一阅读前提。正因为密码可能 be broken,第二段中 Navajo code 的 never broken 才显得格外突出,并自然引出全文的核心人物 Navajo code talkers。

    由兴趣引出战时保密需求
  2. P2

    How the Navajo Code Worked

    Navajo code talkers created a secure spoken code by combining their language with code words.

    本段是全文的 central explanatory section,它回答了文章主旨中的“how”:Navajo code talkers 怎样创造出近乎 unbreakable 的密码。第一段提出保密需求后,本段给出技术性 solution,并为第三段说明其 battlefield use 奠定基础。

    语言加代号的双重保密
  3. P3

    The Battlefield Success of the Code Talkers

    Navajo code talkers used their code effectively in Pacific battles and earned lasting recognition.

    本段承担全文的 concluding function,把第二段介绍的密码机制落到真实的 Pacific battles 中。它回答文章主旨中的“used to transmit crucial military information”和“most successful”两层内容,使全文从“密码为什么安全”完整推进到“密码为何重要且成功”。

    战场使用到功绩评价
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2018年6月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 codes wartime

    Why are codes especially important in wartime?

    • A They enable soldiers to learn foreign languages more quickly.
    • B They allow both sides to share battle plans openly.
    • C They protect vital military information from the enemy.
    • D They replace the need for armies to fight battles.
    • E They make enemy forces larger and easier to identify.
    • F They ensure that every military message is written down.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该项准确概括了信息链:army 需要传递 battles 和 enemy forces 的消息,而双方都不愿自己的 code 被对方 broken。protect vital military information 是对多个并列细节的上位归纳,既保留 military 范围,也保留 enemy 这一关键对立关系。障碍在于原文没有连续出现完全相同的表述;考生需要把 send news 与 not want ... broken 进行语义整合,而不是机械匹配单个词。

    敌方破译反推 时间极紧时,不必逐句翻译。直接抓取题干的 wartime,并在 第1段 中执行“反向风险检验”:先找 enemy、broken、Neither side wants 等风险表达,再倒推出 codes 要防范什么。随后将正确项与这组风险词进行语义对照;能消除“被敌方破译”这一风险的正确项,就是最稳的答案项。这个方法比从头概括所有句子更快,因为说明文的功能常由其要避免的风险反向定义。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 Navajo code enemy understand

    What made the Navajo code difficult for the enemy to understand?

    • A It was sent only through field telephones in the Pacific.
    • B It was kept secret by being written in a special alphabet.
    • C It used ordinary English names for all military equipment.
    • D It combined an unfamiliar language with additional code words.
    • E It was created after the enemy had already broken other codes.
    • F It assigned several code talkers to every group of soldiers.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项覆盖两条相互叠加的机制:Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it,使 enemy 难以理解;in addition,code talkers used code words,把 ordinary military meanings 和 letters 转成另一套表达。combined 与 additional 准确体现后者是在前一层语言屏障上的加固,而非二者择一。障碍在于正确项没有照抄 iron fish、potato、ant 等例子,而要求考生由例证上升到 code words 这一类别。

    双层屏障筛选 在 第2段 中可采用“连接词切片法”。先用 Navajo 定位,不通读例子,直接扫描因果或递进路标:So、In addition、For instance。So 之前提供语言屏障,In addition 之后提供第二道编码屏障;把这两块压缩后,与各选项做“双条件筛选”。只有同时容纳两种屏障的正确项应被保留。此法不依赖逐词翻译,尤其适合机制多层展开的说明文。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 code talkers troops movements and attacks

    How did the code talkers contribute to military operations?

    • A They trained commanders to speak the Navajo language.
    • B They replaced field telephones with written messages.
    • C They fought as the main force in several Pacific battles.
    • D They informed enemy forces about the size of American troops.
    • E They helped troops coordinate their movements and attacks.
    • F They received government honors before the war began.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项直接对应文本中说明其军事作用的总结信息,完整保留了 troops、coordinate、movements 和 attacks 四个核心要素。它回答的是 contribute to military operations,而非狭义回答他们如何传递 messages。障碍在于前文 field telephone、relay、commander 等流程细节很具体,容易让考生误选“通信方式”;但这些内容是手段,coordinate movements and attacks 才是被明确点出的作战贡献。

    手段结果分栏 在 第3段 可用“手段结果分栏法”,不必完整翻译。心中快速把 field telephone、relay、assigned 归入“手段栏”,把 coordinate、movements、attacks、important part 归入“结果栏”。题干的 contribute to military operations 明确索取结果栏信息,因此先排除所有只谈工具、地点、人数或事后 honors 的选项;再从结果栏中匹配正确项。这个办法能迅速抵御流程细节过密造成的干扰。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 密码的重要性与战时应用背景

    这个 opening paragraph 首先 introduce 了 secret codes 的 popularity,然后通过 wartime 这个 specific context 来 emphasize codes 在军事中的 importance,说明它们 help 传递 battle information 和 enemy forces 的 size,而且 neither side 希望自己的 code 被 broken

    这个 introductory section 为后文的 Navajo code 做 background preparation,通过 establish 战时 codes 的 critical role,让读者 understand 为什么需要 develop 一种 unbreakable code,这是典型的说明文 general-to-specific structure 的 opening strategy

    引出战时密码主题
  2. 纳瓦霍密码的创制与特点

    这个 section 详细 describe 了 Navajo code 这个 specific example,说明它是 never broken 的 spoken code,由 Navajo Indians develop,因为 Navajo language 很 hard to learn 且 few people know,所以 enemy 无法 understand,而且 code talkers 还 use code words 比如 iron fish 代表 submarine,potato 代表 small bomb

    这是说明文 body section 的 core part,它 provide detailed description of the subject,通过 explain Navajo code 的 unique features 比如 spoken form、language difficulty 和 code words system,让读者 comprehend 为什么这个 code 能成为 most successful,这符合说明文的 feature elaboration 功能

    介绍密码本体特征
  3. 纳瓦霍密码的实战应用与历史地位

    这个 concluding section 描述 code talkers 如何 work in Pacific islands,通过 field telephone send messages 并 relay information,他们在 several battles 中 play important part,help troops coordinate movements,战后 U.S. government honored them,并 conclude 这是 most successful wartime code

    这是说明文的 application and evaluation section,它通过 demonstrate Navajo code 在 actual combat 中的 effectiveness 和最终的 recognition,来 validate 前文的 explanation,并且用 superlative evaluation 即 most successful 来 emphasize 主旨,这是说明文 conclusion pattern 的 standard approach,从 description 到 application 再到 assessment

    展示实战效果与成就
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段定位核心话题 P1

    说明文的 opening paragraph 通常会 introduce the main subject 或 set up the context,通过快速抓取 first paragraph 中的 key nouns(codes, wartime)和 central idea(importance of unbroken codes),我们能在 10 秒内 identify 文章的 focus area,避免逐字阅读浪费时间。

  2. 次段锁定具体对象 P2

    说明文常用 general-to-specific structure,first paragraph 给 broad context,second paragraph 会 introduce the main focus 或 specific example。通过抓取 second paragraph 的 opening sentences 和 key proper nouns(Navajo, World War II),我们能在 15 秒内 pinpoint 文章的 true subject,而不是只停留在 general topic。

  3. 段落功能识别作用 P2 P3

    说明文的 paragraph functions 会 reveal 文章的 overall structure 和 main point。通过快速识别每段的 function(是在 introduce、describe、explain 还是 evaluate),我们能判断文章的 focus 是在 explaining how something works 还是 arguing why it's important。本文明显是 explanation + evaluation 结构,最后一句的 most successful 是 evaluative conclusion,这提示主旨是 highlighting the success of Navajo code。

  4. 结尾句确认核心观点 P3

    说明文的 conclusion 或 final evaluative statement 通常会 crystallize the main point。通过直接跳到 last paragraph 的 closing sentences,寻找 superlatives(most, best)、emphatic language(ever, never)、summary markers(In conclusion, Overall),我们能在 5 秒内 verify 文章主旨。本文用 most successful...ever used 这种 strongest possible claim 来 conclude,这确认了主旨是 highlighting the exceptional success of Navajo code。

  5. 要素整合构建主旨 P1 P2 P3

    说明文主旨需要 synthesize key elements:subject + key characteristics + significance。通过整合前面步骤抓取的 specific subject(Navajo code talkers)、key features(unbreakable, spoken, in native language)、practical application(Pacific battles)、final evaluation(most successful),我们能构建 complete and accurate main idea。这个 synthesis 确保主旨既 specific(不只是 wartime codes)又 comprehensive(包含 features + use + significance)。

主旨信号词 never broken P2 especially important P1 most successful P3 played an important part P3 honored P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

本文说明了二战期间纳瓦霍密码通信员如何用母语创造出一种无法破解的口头密码,并在太平洋战役中传递关键军事信息,使其成为有史以来最成功的战时密码。
The article explains how Navajo code talkers created an unbreakable spoken code in their native language during World War II, using it to transmit crucial military information in Pacific battles, making it the most successful wartime code ever used.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • relay 转发、传递(信息)

    好,现在我们把所有 clues 串联起来。首先,从 context 来看,code talker 在 information transmission chain 中扮演 intermediary role;其次,从 syntactic position 看,relay 发生在 receive 和 final delivery 之间,这是一个 middle step;最后,从 word structure 看,re- prefix 暗示"重复、再次"的动作。将这三条线索 combine,我们可以得出:relay 的 core meaning 是"转发、中继传递",就像接力赛中把 baton 传给下一个 runner 一样。在这个 military communication context 中,code talker 接收到 message 后,不是 终点,而是要 relay it forward 给 commander,完成 information 的 next leg of journey。

    定位动词在流程链中的位置
  • coordinate 协调、使配合

    现在让我们 synthesize 所有 evidence。从 military context 看,successful battles 需要 organized and synchronized actions;从 syntax 看,coordinate 作用于 multiple objects (movements and attacks),暗示让它们 work in harmony;从 word structure 看,co- prefix 明确表示"together",ordinate 与 order 相关。把这些 pieces 放在一起:coordinate 就是让 different parts 或 different groups 的 actions align with each other,在 time 和 space 上形成 coherent whole。在这个 wartime scenario 中,code talkers 的 communication 让 scattered troops 能够 coordinate their efforts,避免 friendly fire 或 missed opportunities。

    前缀含义加语境验证
  • assign 分配、指派

    让我们 integrate 这些 insights。从 operational context 看,军队需要 systematically deploy personnel 到不同的 units;从 grammatical pattern 看,assign X to Y 表示一种 directed placement;从 word components 看,虽然不是 most obvious,但 sign 与 designation 有关联。综合起来,assign 的 meaning 就是"正式地、有目的地分配或指派某人到某个位置或任务"。在这个 scenario 中,military command assigns code talkers to soldier groups,确保每个 group 都有 communication capability。这不是 casual 或 voluntary 的,而是 official and purposeful deployment。

    识别动作的权威性和目的性
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例子

    P2

    文章在第二段通过 concrete examples 来说明 Navajo code 的运作方式:用 iron fish 指代 submarine,用 potato 指代 hand grenade,用 ant/apple/ax 来表示字母 A。这些 specific instances 让读者直观理解了 code system 的复杂性和 cleverness,支撑了文章主旨中 unbreakable 这一核心特征。通过这些 vivid examples,读者能够 grasp 为什么这套 code 如此 effective:它不仅基于 rare language,还加入了 creative word substitution。

    信号词 for example for instance such as like including namely specifically to illustrate take...as an example They called One example is

    仿写: 当你需要解释一个 complex system 或 abstract concept 时,问自己:Can I provide 2-3 specific instances?这些 examples 应该 representative 且 easy to visualize。模版:【主题句 introducing the concept】+ They called/used/employed【具体例子1】,【具体例子2】, and【具体例子3】。比如写 cloud computing 时:They used various metaphors: storage was called a 'digital warehouse', processing power a 'virtual engine', and data transfer a 'digital highway'.

  • 作比较

    P1 P2

    第一段末尾 'Neither side wants its code broken by the other' 建立了 wartime adversaries 之间的 comparison,强调了 code security 的 universal importance。第二段 'Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it' 实际上在 implicitly compare Navajo 与 common languages,突出其 rarity。这些 comparisons 共同支撑主旨:正是因为 Navajo language 相比其他 languages 更 obscure,这套 code 才能 unbreakable。

    信号词 neither...nor while whereas in contrast on the other hand compared to unlike different from more...than less...than only

    仿写: 有效的 comparison 不一定需要 explicit markers like 'compared to'。可以通过 contrasting statements 或 parallel structures 来 imply comparison。问自己:What makes my subject special relative to alternatives?模版:【Subject A】is【特征】, while/whereas【Subject B】is【对比特征】。或者用 implicit contrast:【Subject】is【极端特征】and only【少数情况】+ 反面情况。比如:'Quantum computing operates at subatomic level and only specialized facilities can maintain it'——这 implies comparison with regular computing without stating it。

  • 下定义

    P2

    第二段 'They were called "the Navajo code talkers"' 为这个 special group 提供了 official designation,这是一种 naming definition。同段 'code words for letters' 解释了 alphabet encoding 的 mechanism。这些 definitions 对主旨至关重要:明确 terminology 让读者理解 code talkers 不是普通 translators,而是 specialized cryptographic operators。Clear definition 确保读者 grasp 这个 unique role 的 nature。

    信号词 were called known as referred to as is defined as means refers to is are was that is in other words namely

    仿写: Effective definitions 往往 embedded in narrative 而非 standalone statements。与其说 'X is defined as Y',不如用 'They were called X' 或 'X refers to Y'。问自己:Does my reader need clarity on this term to follow my argument?模版:【Subject】+ were called/referred to as/known as + "【term】" 或者【Term】+ is/means/refers to + 【explanation】。比如:'These operators were known as "ethical hackers"'——既 defines 又 contextualizes。记住 definition 应该 serve exposition,不要 interrupt flow。

  • 作诠释

    P3

    第三段 'They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander' 详细 explains transmission process。这个 step-by-step clarification 让读者理解 code talkers 如何 operationally function in battle。随后 'They helped troops coordinate their movements and attacks' 进一步 interprets 他们的 strategic value。这些 elaborations 支撑主旨:不只是说 code was successful,而是 show 它如何 practically enable military operations。

    信号词 that is in other words which means this means in practice actually essentially And thus therefore so as a result

    仿写: Effective interpretation 往往紧跟 factual statement,providing elaboration。用 sequential explanation(first...then...)或 causal links(so, thus, therefore)来 structure interpretation。问自己:What does this fact mean in practice? What's the significance?模版:【Action/Fact】+ And【consequence/elaboration】或【Statement】+ They helped/enabled/allowed + 【deeper implication】。比如:'The algorithm processes data in parallel. This allows real-time analysis of massive datasets'——first states fact,then interprets significance。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

9 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 密码破解难度与尝试意愿的正相关关系

    P1
    The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out.

    比较级强调类 The harder The more The less The better The faster The deeper The stronger

    这句话的 implication 是:人们对 challenging codes 有一种 innate fascination 和 competitive spirit,越 difficult 的 code 越能 stimulate 破解欲望。这个 subtext 为整篇文章 establishes 一个 premise:既然 codes 这么容易 attract attention 和 decoding attempts,那么在 wartime context 中,finding an unbreakable code 就变得 critically important。它为后文介绍 Navajo code 的 uniqueness 和 success 做了 logical groundwork,让读者 understand 为什么 Navajo code 作为 never broken 的 code 具有如此 exceptional value。

  • 战时密码保密的双向对抗性

    P1
    Neither side wants its code broken by the other.

    否定强调类 Neither None No one Nothing Nowhere Never Not any

    这句的 subtext 揭示了 wartime code breaking 是一个 intense adversarial game,双方都在 desperately 想 protect 自己的 information 同时 crack 对方的 secrets。这个 implication 为文章 establishes high stakes:找到一个 truly unbreakable code 不只是 technically impressive,而是具有 strategic military value。它 sets up 读者对 Navajo code 的 expectation elevation,因为后文会揭示这个 code achieved something 几乎 impossible —— 在如此 high-pressure、high-stakes 的 environment 中 remained unbroken,这 magnifies 了 Navajo code talkers 的 achievement 在文章主旨中的 significance。

  • Navajo密码永不被破解的独特地位

    P2
    One very important code was never broken.

    绝对性否定类 never not once at no time not ever under no circumstances in no case by no means

    这句话的 implication 是:在 all wartime codes(很多都 eventually 被 broken)中,这个 code achieved 了一个 unprecedented feat。这个 subtext 做了两件事:first,它 creates intrigue —— 为什么这个 code 能做到别人做不到的;second,它 establishes 这个 code 作为文章 centerpiece 的 legitimacy。对于文章主旨的作用是,它 directly points to 文章要论证的 core claim:Navajo code 不只是 'successful',而是 'the most successful',而这个 'never broken' 的 fact 是 support 这个 superlative claim 的 primary evidence。它把读者的 attention 从 general concept of codes 聚焦到这个 specific exceptional case。

  • 口述密码不成文的特殊安全性

    P2
    It was a spoken code never written down.

    否定修饰的特征强调类 never written down not recorded without documentation unwritten not committed to paper kept only in existed solely as

    这句的 subtext 是:不 written down 意味着 enemy 无法 intercept 和 analyze physical documents,这 eliminates 了 traditional code-breaking 的一个 major vulnerability。它 implies Navajo code 的 security 不只依赖 language complexity,还有 transmission method 的 inherent advantage。对文章主旨的 contribution 是,它 adds another layer to explain 'why never broken':不只是因为 Navajo language hard to learn,还因为 oral-only nature 让 cryptanalysis 变得 nearly impossible。这个 detail enriches 了文章对 'most successful wartime code' 这个 claim 的 multi-dimensional support,showing 它的 success 是 multiple strategic advantages 的 combination。

  • Navajo语言的天然加密优势

    P2
    Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it.

    数量限制的排他性强调类 only a few people only a few few barely any hardly anyone a small number of limited to

    这句的 implication 是:Navajo language 的 obscurity 和 difficulty 本身就是一层 natural encryption。'Hard to learn' + 'few speakers' 意味着 enemy 几乎不可能 find someone who understands it,let alone train cryptanalysts to crack it。这个 subtext 揭示了 Navajo code 的 genius:它 leverages linguistic rarity as built-in security。对主旨的 value 是,它 explains 文章 central claim 的 mechanism:这个 code 之所以 'never broken' 且 'most successful',是因为它建立在一个 enemy 无法 overcome 的 fundamental barrier 上 —— language accessibility。这比 traditional codes(rely on mathematical complexity)更 robust,因为它 combines linguistic、cultural 和 demographic barriers。

  • 双重加密保障的安全冗余设计

    P2
    In addition, the talkers used code words.

    递进叠加类 In addition Furthermore Moreover Additionally On top of that What's more Beyond that

    这句的 subtext 是:仅仅 rely on Navajo language 的 obscurity 还不够,code talkers 还 implemented additional encoding layer。这 implies 一种 extreme caution 和 thoroughness:即使 enemy somehow learned Navajo(可能性极低),他们还要 decode the code words within the language。对主旨的 contribution 是,它 further strengthens 'most successful wartime code' 的 claim,showing 这个 success 不是 accidental 或者 based on single advantage,而是 carefully engineered with multiple security layers。这个 subtext 也 reveals the Navajo code talkers' sophistication:他们不只是 passive users of their language,而是 active designers who enhanced natural linguistic barrier with deliberate encoding strategies。

  • 密码使用者的战场核心地位

    P3
    The code talkers played an important part in several battles.

    委婉低调的成就表达类 played an important part played a part played a role contributed to had a hand in were involved in participated in

    这句的 subtext 是:code talkers 的 contribution 超越了 'important part' 这个 phrase 的 literal meaning。后文 'helped troops coordinate movements and attacks' reveals 他们 enabled tactical operations,这在 modern warfare 中是 mission-critical。这个 understated expression 加上 concrete evidence 的组合,actually conveys 比 'were vital' 更强的 message:让 facts speak for themselves。对主旨的 value 是,它 bridges code's technical success(never broken)和 operational impact(battlefield effectiveness),showing Navajo code 不只是 academically unbreakable,而且 practically invaluable。这 completes the 'most successful' claim by adding functional dimension to security dimension。

  • 政府认可强化历史地位

    P3
    After the war, the U.S. government honored them for what they had accomplished.

    官方认可类 honored recognized commended awarded decorated acknowledged celebrated

    这句的 implication 是:政府的 formal honor 不只是 courtesy,而是 official acknowledgment that Navajo code talkers' work reached a level of strategic importance that 超越 typical wartime contributions。'After the war' 这个 timing also implies their work 可能在当时 classified,直到战后才能 publicly recognize,这进一步 suggests sensitivity and significance。对主旨的作用是 providing authoritative confirmation:这不是作者的 subjective opinion 说它 'most successful',而是 U.S. government 通过 official honors 来 validate 这个 claim。这个 external validation makes the 'most successful wartime code' 的 assertion more credible and conclusive,giving the article a strong factual closure。

  • 绝对性评价的历史定论

    P3
    Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.

    最高级断言类 the most successful the best the only the greatest the most effective the most reliable the first and only

    这句的 subtext 是:在 all wartime codes throughout history(implicit comparison universe),Navajo code stands at the absolute pinnacle。'Ever used' 这个 scope expands the comparison beyond WWII to all recorded conflicts,making the claim extraordinarily strong。这个 implication 不只是说 Navajo code 很好,而是说它 set an unsurpassed standard。对主旨的作用是 providing climactic closure:整篇文章通过 layers of evidence(language rarity、oral-only nature、code word layering、battlefield effectiveness、government recognition)来 build toward this final declarative statement。这个 superlative transforms the article from 'interesting historical account' into 'definitive assessment of cryptographic achievement',giving readers a clear takeaway that justifies 为什么这个 topic 值得 detailed explanation。它把所有 prior details unified under one overarching judgment,完成了说明文的 argumentative arc。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( Admiring and Appreciative)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段定调词 P1

    说明文的首段往往通过背景介绍来建立话题的价值判断,如果开篇就用积极的 evaluative words 烘托话题的重要性,往往暗示作者对该话题持肯定态度。

  2. 细节段落绝对化词 P2

    说明文常通过具体 facts 和 details 来支撑作者态度,never broken 这种绝对化表达显示作者对这项成就给予了很高的认可。

  3. 结尾评价句 P3

    说明文结尾常用一句 summary 来点明作者立场,最高级结构 most successful 直接给出作者对 code talkers 成就的最终 evaluation。

  4. 三段合一定论 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的作者态度往往贯穿全文,如果 首、中、尾 三处 evaluative words 的方向一致,就可以快速锁定整体态度,无需通读全文找态度线索。

文中的态度信号词

  • never broken P2

    never broken 强调了 Navajo code 坚不可摧的特性,这种 absolute expression 体现了作者对这项成就的赞叹和肯定。

    同类词 unbroken impossible to crack undefeated invincible

  • very important P2

    very important 直接点明了 Navajo code 在 wartime 中的关键地位,反映出作者对其 value 的高度认可。

    同类词 especially important crucial vital essential

  • most successful P3

    the most successful wartime code ever used 是全文的最高级 evaluation,直接总结了作者对 code talkers 贡献的最终肯定。

    同类词 most effective best greatest unmatched

  • honored P3

    the U.S. government honored them 借助第三方 authority(政府)的正式表彰,间接传达了作者对 code talkers 贡献的 respect 和 admiration。

    同类词 recognized praised commended celebrated

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 首句呈现事实话题 P1

    说明文的 opening 开头是 introduce a subject 引入主题,用 neutral tone 中立语气呈现 factual information 事实信息。议论文会直接抛出 controversial claim 争议性主张或 thesis statement 论点,新闻报道则用 5W1H elements 要素开头 report breaking news 报道突发新闻。这篇文章用 'Many people enjoy...' 这种 descriptive statement 描述性陈述引入密码这个 topic 话题,是典型的 expository opening 说明文开头。

  2. 信息层层递进展开 P1 P2 P3

    说明文按 informational hierarchy 信息层级组织内容,从 broad to specific 由宽到窄或按 chronological/spatial order 时间/空间顺序 present information 呈现信息。议论文用 claim-evidence-reasoning 主张-证据-推理的 argumentative structure 论证结构,新闻报道用 inverted pyramid 倒金字塔 structure 结构把 most important info 最重要信息放前面。这篇文章第一段 introduce topic 引入话题,第二段 explain specific case 解释具体案例,第三段 describe application 描述应用,是 step-by-step exposition 逐步说明。

  3. 客观陈述无立场倾向 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的 author 作者保持 neutral observer 中立观察者角色,用 factual language 事实性语言 inform 告知而不是 persuade 说服或 report breaking news 报道突发新闻。议论文会用 evaluative adjectives 评价性形容词和 modal verbs 情态动词 (should, must) 表达 author's position 作者立场。新闻报道虽然也 objective 客观,但会用 attribution 归属 (according to, said) 和 quotes 引语。这篇文章没有 'should', 'must', 'in my opinion' 等 persuasive markers 说服标记,也没有 news attribution 新闻归属,只是 straightforward description 直白描述。

  4. 告知解释为唯一目的 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的 ultimate goal 终极目标是增加读者对某个 subject 主题的 understanding 理解,不带 persuasive agenda 说服议程或 news value 新闻价值。议论文要 change minds 改变想法,新闻报道要 update on recent events 更新近期事件。这篇文章通过 three paragraphs 三段完整 explain 解释了 Navajo code 这个 specific case 具体案例,没有 call to action 行动号召,没有 controversial debate 争议辩论,没有 timely news hook 时效新闻钩子,纯粹是 informational exposition 信息性说明。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • code P1 说明对象定义解释词 system method process technique mechanism
  • It was used P2 事物属性功能描述词 was used was developed is designed to functions as consists of
  • For instance P2 说明顺序与例证词 for instance for example such as like including
  • Navajo is hard to learn P2 事物属性功能描述词 is hard to is easy to is difficult to is simple to is capable of
  • They help P1 事物属性功能描述词 help enable allow permit facilitate
  • One very important code P2 说明对象定义解释词 one very important a special kind of a unique type of a particular form of a significant example of
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

5 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

  • The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out.
    第1段,第2句

    "the + 比较级..., the + 比较级..." 句式是四六级和考研阅读中的高频典型结构,用于表达递进或因果关系,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,具有很强的代表性

  • In addition, the talkers used code words.
    第2段,第9句

    简单句是英语句子的基础形式,在各类考试中常作为长难句的组成部分出现,但单独作为考题句较少。本句结构过于简单,代表性有限。

  • For instance, the letter A was ant or apple or ax.
    第2段,第12句

    主系表结构在真题中常见,但本句过于简短且仅用过去时系动词,缺少定语从句、状语从句、非谓语等真题高频复杂句式;作为基础句型有一定代表性,但迁移价值有限

  • Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.
    第3段,第8句

    主系表结构是基础句型,表语中含最高级和后置定语的组合在阅读理解中较为常见,尤其是描述某事物特征或地位的表达,具有一定代表性,但不属于高频复杂句式。

  • They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.
    第10题,D

    主系表加介词短语修饰是常见基础句式,但本句结构过于简单,在四六级或考研真题中代表性一般,属于入门级别而非高频难点句式

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么?
2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章说明了二战期间纳瓦霍密码通信员如何用母语创造出一种无法破解的口头密码,并在太平洋战役中传递关键军事信息,使其成为有史以来最成功的战时密码。(英文表述:The article explains how Navajo code talkers created an unbreakable spoken code in their native language during World War II, using it to transmit crucial military information in Pacific battles, making it the most successful wartime code ever used.)
2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是积极支持(Admiring and Appreciative)。CEFR 难度 B1,全文 262 词、3 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,B1 级共 17 篇(占 3%)。
2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——密码的重要性与战时应用背景;第2段——纳瓦霍密码的创制与特点;第3段——纳瓦霍密码的实战应用与历史地位。
2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(Admiring and Appreciative)。判断路径:首段定调词 → 细节段落绝对化词 → 结尾评价句 → 三段合一定论;文中的态度信号词包括 never broken(第2段)、very important(第2段)、most successful(第3段)、honored(第3段)。
2018年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:relay(转发、传递(信息))、coordinate(协调、使配合)、assign(分配、指派),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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