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2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1)
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2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1)

议论文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 400 词、7 段，CEFR 难度 C1（C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%），作者立场为「积极支持」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

7 段英文原文

以下为2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 的听力原文，共 7 段。左侧 P1–P7 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks. There's instability, unclear responsibilities, and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur.

There's something about the founder's energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.

What becomes set in the firm's culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharper alertness.

But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder's passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again, years after the initial analysis. And most shared their firm's performance reports, so that their success could be more objectively measured.

Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow.

The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there's a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for founding the venture—doesn't necessarily translate into great success.

The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism: developing the business. Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially, in order to cover salaries and expenses.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

7 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Entrepreneur as the Source of Passion

    Entrepreneurs create the passion that makes startup risks worthwhile.

    本段是全文的引入段，先承认 startup 的现实风险，再提出 founder's passion 这一核心变量，为后文讨论这种 passion 如何影响团队及 performance 铺路。

    抓住But后的重点
  2. P2

    How Founder Passion Spreads

    Founders' passion positively shapes team members' attitudes and behavior.

    本段承接上一段，具体解释 entrepreneur 的热情为何重要：它并不只属于创始人个人，而会通过 emotional contagion 影响整个 team。

    首句统领例证
  3. P3

    The Benefits of a Positive Team Culture

    A culture of shared positive emotions brings proven benefits to startup teams.

    本段将上一段的个人和团队层面的情绪影响，上升到 firm culture 和组织运作层面，并指出其已有明确的 positive outcomes。

    结果列举作证据
  4. P4

    Testing Passion's Effect on Performance

    A longitudinal study tested whether founder passion improves team performance.

    这是全文从常识性论述转入实证论证的枢纽段，它明确提出关键问题：passion 的积极情绪价值，是否真的能够转化为长期 team performance。

    先找研究问题
  5. P5

    The Three Phases of Entrepreneurship

    Entrepreneurial development consists of invention, founding, and business growth.

    本段是理解全文核心结论的必要框架：作者接下来不是笼统讨论 passion，而是要比较团队对三种不同 entrepreneurial phases 的热情，其效果是否相同。

    顺序词提示分类
  6. P6

    Development Passion Predicts Success

    Only passion for business development reliably predicts team performance and long-term success.

    本段是全文的核心论证结论，直接回答第四段提出的 research question，并修正“创始人或团队只要有热情就会成功”的片面看法。

    锁定唯一有效项
  7. P7

    Recruiting for Business Development

    Entrepreneurs should invest in staff who are passionate about developing the business despite the financial risks.

    本段把第六段的 research finding 转化为管理策略：企业家要想获得 great team performance，就应吸引并留住把热情投向 firm development 的人才，即使这意味着短期财务牺牲。

    结论落到招聘
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

7 道逐段细节自检题

针对2021年6月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 primary benefit new venture

    What is identified as the primary benefit of working for a new venture?

    • A The stability provided by clearly defined responsibilities.
    • B The chance to avoid taking risks in daily work.
    • C The passion and excitement of contributing to a promising new company.
    • D The opportunity to focus on only one specialized task.
    • E The entrepreneur's guarantee of immediate financial success.
    • F The freedom from responsibility for company outcomes.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项完整对应 primary benefit 后的内容：passion and excitement 是核心名词，contributing to a promising new company 对 playing a role in a promising new company 做了同义改写。障碍在于原文先连续列举 instability 和 unclear responsibilities，容易使考生误把风险当成作者的重点；但 But 明确要求读者转向正向结论。

    转折后双槽匹配 时间紧张时，直接用题干中的 primary benefit 扫描 第1段，不必逐句翻译。先做逻辑色彩筛选：凡是表达 risk、instability、unclear 的选项先划掉；再在剩余项中寻找同时含有 positive emotion 与 promising company 两个信息槽的正确项。这比逐项做全文同义替换更快。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 optimism and positivity

    According to the passage, what may the founder's optimism and positivity encourage employees to do?

    • A To become more courageous in taking risks.
    • B To feel more grateful for their accomplishments and privileges.
    • C To reduce conflict by avoiding all disagreements.
    • D To pay less attention to trivial and unimportant matters.
    • E To concentrate exclusively on financial milestones.
    • F To imitate the founder's enthusiasm in every decision.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项对应 optimism and positivity 后的 may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters，保留了程度词 less 和对象 trivial and unimportant matters。障碍在于题干用 encourage 替代 motivate，并把 people 换成 employees，要求识别同义改写而非机械匹配。

    因果卡片配对 在 第2段 中不必通读所有句子，可将三个 may 句视作三张因果卡：每张卡左边是 founder trait，右边是 staff response。题干给出 optimism and positivity 后，立即只读取同一张卡右侧内容，再用正确项核验。该方法能快速避开同段的真实干扰项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 positive emotions

    Which of the following is mentioned as a result of the team's shared positive emotions?

    • A Guaranteed long-term survival of the firm.
    • B A sharper focus on trivial matters.
    • C Elimination of all conflict within the team.
    • D More successful invention of new products.
    • E Greater team cohesion.
    • F Higher salaries for newly recruited staff.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    greater team cohesion 被明确列在 These include 之后，是研究已证明的结果之一。其设置障碍是 cohesion 属于抽象组织术语，考生可能被更熟悉的 performance 吸引；但 performance 在本文属于后续研究所检验的另一层问题，不能替代本句列举的结果。

    结果清单验名 直接在 第3段 视觉扫描 include 后面的并列清单，把选项当作清单成员资格判断，而非先翻译整段。正确项必须能原样或近义地落入该清单；出现 all、guaranteed 或跨段主题词的选项可先排除。这种名单核验适合时间压力下的细节题。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 performance reports

    Why did most CEOs provide their firms' performance reports to the researchers?

    • A To persuade the researchers to include more industries in the study.
    • B To replace the initial analysis conducted years earlier.
    • C To demonstrate that all 73 companies had succeeded.
    • D To help CEOs develop new products and services.
    • E To compare the personal salaries of the entrepreneurs.
    • F To allow the firms' success to be measured more objectively.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：F

    该项是 so that their success could be more objectively measured 的同义改写，保留了目的关系、对象 firms' success 和比较程度 more objectively。障碍在于题干问 CEOs 的行为，答案却表达研究测量的目的；考生必须从行为主体转向研究设计的功能。

    直取目的状语 在 第4段 中以 performance reports 直达句尾，随后只读取 so that 结构，不必处理前面的样本规模和行业列表。用证据文件的功能这一框架筛选：正确项应说明报告在研究中的直接用途，而非改变研究对象、样本或预设结论。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 second phase entrepreneurial teams

    What does the second phase of entrepreneurial teams generally involve?

    • A Founding the venture to sell the product or service.
    • B Inventing a product or service.
    • C Developing the firm so that it continues to grow.
    • D Recruiting staff to direct their passion toward invention.
    • E Measuring the firm's performance objectively.
    • F Paying the entrepreneur an initial wage.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：A

    该项准确复现 second phase 的动作 founding the venture 和目的 to sell the product or service。障碍在于三个阶段都围绕同一商业项目，选项只要改变核心动词或阶段顺序便会造成干扰；正确项必须同时对上创办和销售两个信息点。

    三动词顺序卡 锁定 第5段 后，把 first、second、third 三个分句压缩成三个动词标签，形成“创造—创办—发展”的脑内索引。题干给 second 时，直接匹配中间标签，再核验其后是否带有 sell 的目的。这个动词标签法比逐字翻译 product or service 更稳定。

  6. 第 6 段 定位词 clear link

    Which form of team passion was found to have a clear link to firm performance?

    • A Passion for inventing a product or service.
    • B Passion for developing the firm in the third phase.
    • C Passion for founding the venture.
    • D Passion for celebrating every team milestone.
    • E Passion for reducing all workplace conflict.
    • F Passion for avoiding the risks of hiring staff.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：B

    该项精确对应 when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there's a clear link to performance。它保留阶段、具体内容和关系结果。障碍在于后文同时出现 passion for invention 与 passion for founding the venture，且这两个短语形式高度平行，考生若只看到 passion 容易发生并列项错选。

    证据强弱打标 在 第6段 中先不看三个 phase 的完整解释，只给关系词做符号：clear link 记为“+”，not reliable 和 doesn't necessarily 记为“-”。然后把题干的 clear link 直接匹配唯一的“+”分句，再读取其对应 phase，正确项即可确定。该强弱符号法尤其适合平行结构密集的段落。

  7. 第 7 段 定位词 great team performance

    What does the passage suggest entrepreneurs should do to achieve great team performance?

    • A Avoid hiring additional staff in order to minimize risk.
    • B Pay entrepreneurs a large wage before paying employees.
    • C Recruit others who can direct their passion toward developing the business.
    • D Direct all team passion toward inventing new products.
    • E Ask staff to ignore salaries and company expenses.
    • F Rely solely on the founder's energy and enthusiasm.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项直接概括 solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism: developing the business。它保留招聘对象、热情方向和发展企业三层信息。障碍在于后文关于高薪、费用和企业家不领工资的细节更具体、更易被记住，但这些是成本证据，不是核心建议。

    句首方案三要素 在 第7段 中采用句首定案法：先扫描 solution to great team performance stems from 后的完整不定式行动链，暂时遮蔽后两句成本细节。再看选项，正确项必须复现该行动链中的 recruit、others、passion direction 三个要素；凡只谈 risk 或 wage 的选项，直接视为代价层信息而排除。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1

    创业公司的风险与激情来源

    这个 opening paragraph 开门见山地 presents 了 working for startups 的 dual nature：既有 instability 和 unclear responsibilities 这些 risks，又有 passion and excitement 这些 benefits，并直接 points out 这种 passion 的 source 就是 the entrepreneur 本人

    作为 introduction，这个意群 establishes 了整篇文章的 central topic，即 founder's passion 对 team 的 influence，为后续 exploring 这种 passion 如何 affects team performance 奠定了 foundation

    引出创始人激情的存在
  2. 分论点 P2 P3

    创始人激情的传染机制与积极效应

    这两个 paragraphs 构成第一个 supporting argument，详细 elaborates 了 founder's passion 如何 infects the team（第2段 focuses on transmission mechanisms 像 risk-taking inspiring courage），以及这种 contagious positive emotions 带来的 proven benefits（第3段 列举 better processes、team cohesion 等 scientifically validated outcomes）

    作为第一个 major argument，这个意群 establishes 了 founder's passion 确实 produces positive effects on teams，但它 deliberately 只讲 proven results 而 avoids 提及 performance outcomes，这就 sets up 了下一个意群要 address 的 research gap

    论证激情的团队效应存在
  3. 分论点 P4 P5

    研究设计与创业三阶段框架

    这两个 paragraphs 构成第二个 supporting argument 的 setup phase。第4段 introduces 了新的 empirical research 来 address 前面提出的 gap（passion 与 performance 的 link），describing 了 research methodology with 73 companies。第5段 then establishes 了 analytical framework，即 three phases of entrepreneurialism，为下一意群的 findings 提供 conceptual structure

    这个意群 serves as the bridge between general observations 和 specific findings，它 introduces the research methodology 并 establishes 了 three-phase framework，这个 framework 对理解主旨至关重要因为 main conclusion 就是基于 distinguishing 这 three types of passion

    铺垫激情类型差异研究
  4. 分论点 P6 P7

    研究发现与实践启示

    这两个 paragraphs 呈现第二个 supporting argument 的 core findings and implications。第6段 reveals 了 key research results：只有 passion for phase three（developing the firm）才 correlates with performance，而 passion for invention 或 founding 并不 reliable。第7段 then transitions to practical implications，discussing 如何 recruit people passionate about business development 以及 associated risks

    这是整篇文章的 central argument 和 climax，directly addressing 主旨的 core claim。第6段 provides the empirical evidence 证明 not all passion is equal，第7段 extends 到 actionable insights，together 它们 constitute 文章的 most critical contribution

    揭示只有发展激情预示成功
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首尾定位法 P1 P6 P7

    议论文的 first paragraph 通常会 introduce the topic 并暗示 author's position，而 final paragraphs 往往会 summarize key findings 或提出 main argument。这篇文章的 第1段 引入了 entrepreneur's passion 这个 topic，而 第6段-7 揭示了真正的 key point：只有 passion for developing the firm 才与 performance 相关

  2. 转折对比识别 P6

    第6段 中出现明显的 contrast：when... there's a clear link vs. is not a reliable indicator vs. doesn't necessarily translate。这种 contrastive pattern 揭示了作者的 real focus：并非所有 passion 都 equal，只有 third phase 的 passion 才 matters。议论文常用 contrast 来 highlight 核心观点

  3. 实证依据定位 P4 P6

    第4段 明确提到 this was recently tested in research，第6段 用 researchers discovered 引出 findings。在 academic 或 research-oriented 议论文中，empirical evidence 往往是 thesis 的 foundation。文章主旨就是这个 research finding：只有 developing phase 的 passion 能 predict success

  4. 框架分析法 P5 P6

    第5段 建立了 three phases 的 framework：inventing, founding, developing。第6段 对每个 phase 进行 evaluation。这个 structured analysis 是理解主旨的 key：作者不是笼统谈 passion，而是 differentiate 不同类型的 passion。主旨的 nuance 就在于这个 distinction

  5. 多层论证整合 P4 P6 P7

    将前面步骤整合：文章通过 empirical research（第4段），运用 contrastive structure（第6段）区分了三种 passion，最终指向 solution（第7段）。主旨不仅是 descriptive finding（哪种 passion works），还包含 prescriptive implication（应该 recruit 有 developing passion 的人）。完整主旨需要捕捉这个 layered argument

主旨信号词 clear link P6 not a reliable indicator P6 what is yet to be demonstrated P4 the solution P7 discovered P6

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

研究表明,虽然创始人的热情能够激励初创团队,但只有专门针对业务发展的热情——而非发明或创立公司的热情——才能可靠地预测公司的长期成功和团队表现。
Research shows that while founders' passion energizes startup teams, only passion specifically directed toward business development—not invention or founding—reliably predicts long-term company success and team performance.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

5 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • infect 感染、传播(使某种情绪或态度像传染病一样扩散给他人)

    我们从三个维度验证了 infect 的含义。首先，第2段 的 cause-effect structure 清晰地展示了创始人的 enthusiasm 如何影响团队，后续的 inspire、motivate、prompt 都是这种影响的具体表现。其次，第3段 用 contagious emotions 直接点明了这种影响的传染性特征，与 infect 形成 semantic echo。最后，从 morphology 角度，in- 的「进入」义和 fect 的「作用」义完美解释了这个词的 core meaning。三条线索相互印证，形成了一个完整的 reasoning chain。

    因果链+语义呼应+词源溯源
  • trivial 琐碎的、不重要的、微不足道的

    两条线索从不同角度指向同一结论。Syntactic clue 给出了最直接的证据——trivial 和 unimportant 是 coordinate structure 中的平行成分，这在语法上强制它们语义相近。Contextual clue 则从 discourse logic 角度验证了这个判断——optimism 让人不再纠结于这些 matters，说明它们是 negative 或 distracting 的东西。两条线索相互加固，确认 trivial 表示「不重要的、琐碎的」。

    并列看相似,对比看相反
  • cohesion 凝聚力、团队团结协作的程度

    三条线索构成了一个 three-layered verification。List membership 确定了 cohesion 是 positive quality；proximity to 'reduced conflict' 揭示了它的 interpersonal dimension——关乎成员之间的 relationships；morphological analysis 从 etymology 角度解释了为什么这个词能表达 unity 的概念。从 co-（一起）到 here（粘附）到 -ion（状态），词的 internal structure 完美映射了其 meaning。

    列表定性+邻近关联+构词验证
  • venture 新创企业、风险投资企业(特指处于早期阶段的商业实体)

    三条线索从 micro 到 macro 构建了完整的 semantic field。Apposition in 第1段 提供了最直接的 equivalence：venture = company。Cross-text recurrence 展示了 venture、company、firm 的 systematic alternation，证明它们是 interchangeable terms in this context。Developmental stage analysis 则揭示了 venture 的 specific connotation——它不是 any company，而是处于 early stage 的 business。这三个层次相互支撑，锁定了词义。

    全文追踪+替换词网+阶段定位
  • stem 源于、起源于、由…产生

    两条线索从 sentence level 和 discourse level 双重确认了 stem 的含义。Sentence structure 中，'solution stems from X' 建立了明确的 X → solution 的 directional relationship。Paragraph transition 中，stem 充当了 findings → implications 的 logical connector。两个层面都指向同一个 core meaning：stem from = originate from / derive from。

    主客逻辑+段际功能
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 排比修辞

    P2

    第二段使用了三个平行的句式结构来展现 founder's characteristics 对团队的 contagious influence：'The willingness to take risks may inspire...'、'The optimism and positivity may motivate...'、'The celebration of milestones may prompt...'。这种 parallel structure 通过 rhythmic repetition 强化了 entrepreneur's multifaceted impact，为后文讨论 passion 的具体 manifestation 奠定了 emotional foundation，支撑了文章关于 passion contagion 的核心论点。

    仿写： 当你需要列举 multiple effects 或 parallel influences 时，可以采用相同的 sentence pattern。Specifically，使用统一的 subject + modal verb + main verb 结构。Template: 'The [quality A] may [verb] others to [outcome]... The [quality B] may [verb] people to [outcome]... The [quality C] may [verb] staff to [outcome]...'。注意每个 clause 中 subject 和 modal verb 的 consistent positioning，这样可以创造出 compelling rhythm。

  • 举例论证

    P4

    第四段引入了 empirical research 作为 concrete evidence：分析了 73 家 new companies across multiple industries（IT、medicine、energy），并追踪了 years of performance data。这个 specific example 将前文关于 passion 和 positive emotions 的 theoretical discussion 转化为 verifiable claim，为后续揭示 'passion for development' 与 performance 的 causal relationship 提供了 credible foundation，直接支撑了文章的 central argument。

    信号词 For example For instance A case in point This was demonstrated Research shows Studies indicate Evidence suggests Consider the case of Take... as an example

    仿写： 当提出一个 theoretical claim 后，立即引入 specific research 或 case study 来 validate。Template: 'This was recently tested in research, which analyzed [number] [subjects] across [range of contexts] such as [examples]. The [researchers/subjects] were [action], and [specific results/findings]...'。关键是提供 quantifiable details（数字、范围、具体领域）来增强 example 的 authenticity。

  • 对比论证

    P6

    第六段通过 contrasting three phases of entrepreneurship 揭示了 critical distinction：passion for firm development 与 performance 有 clear link，但 passion for invention 和 passion for founding 却 not reliable indicators of success。这种 stark contrast 直接点明了文章的 核心发现，通过 juxtaposing different types of passion 来 highlight 哪种 passion 才真正 matters，完美呼应了文章主旨中关于 'only passion directed toward business development' 的论断。

    信号词 But However In contrast On the other hand Conversely While Whereas Unlike Likewise Nevertheless Yet

    仿写： 当需要区分 multiple factors 的 different impacts 时，使用 parallel contrast structure。Template: 'When [condition A], there's a clear link to [positive outcome]. But [condition B] is not a reliable indicator... Likewise, [condition C] doesn't necessarily translate into [desired result].'。关键是用 'but'、'however'、'likewise' 等 contrastive markers 来 signal shifts，并通过 consistent structure 让对比更加 pronounced。

  • 因果论证

    P3

    第三段建立了清晰的 causal chain：founder's positive emotions 导致 contagious collection 在 team 中 spread，进而产生 multiple positive outcomes（better processes、greater cohesion、reduced conflict、sharper alertness）。这种 cause-and-effect reasoning 为前文描述的 passion 和 enthusiasm 提供了 logical justification，说明了 why founder's energy matters，为后续探讨 which type of passion 最 effective 搭建了 logical framework。

    信号词 results that follow leads to causes results in consequently therefore thus as a result because of this this produces stems from

    仿写： 构建 causal argument 时，先确立 cause（某种 quality 或 action），然后用 result-introducing language 引出 effects。Template: 'What becomes set... is [phenomenon X] which [description]. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. These include [effect 1], [effect 2], [effect 3]...'。关键是使用 'results that follow'、'these include'、'leads to' 等 causal markers 来明确 logical direction。

  • 举例论证

    P7

    第七段用 concrete detail 说明 developing business 所需的 sacrifice：招聘 staff 本身是 risk，支付 high salaries 是 financial burden，entrepreneurs 甚至 reported not paying themselves 来 cover expenses。这些 specific examples 将 'passion for development' 的 challenges 具象化，解释了 why this type of passion is most critical——因为它需要 sustained commitment 和 resource allocation，直接支撑了文章关于 third phase 最 crucial 的论点。

    信号词 For example For instance Specifically In particular On many occasions As illustrated by Such as Including Notably A case in point

    仿写： 当讨论 abstract concept（如 risk、sacrifice）时，立即提供 tangible examples。Template: '[General claim about challenge/solution]. [Specific action A] can in itself be [specific risk/cost], as is [specific action B]. On many occasions, [subjects] reported [specific extreme example]...'。关键是 escalate specificity——从 general risk 到 specific actions 再到 extreme cases，层层递进。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 创业公司风险与激情的对比反差

    P1
    There's instability, unclear responsibilities, and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement

    转折类 But but however yet nevertheless nonetheless still

    作者在第一段先 list 了三个 significant risks(instability, unclear responsibilities, jack-of-all-trades requirement),这些都是 genuine concerns。但通过 but 这个 pivot word,作者 reveal 他的 true message:尽管有这些 drawbacks,真正 defining 创业公司 experience 的是 passion and excitement,而这直接 attributed to the entrepreneur。这个 implicature 为全文 thesis 奠定基础——它暗示 founder's role 是 transformative 的,能够 outweigh 所有那些 structural disadvantages。这对文章主旨至关重要,因为它 establish 了 entrepreneur's passion 作为 central variable 的地位,为后续 段落关于 passion types 和 performance outcomes 的 empirical analysis 提供了 logical foundation。

  • 创始人特质的感染性影响

    P2
    There's something about the founder's energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team

    模糊限制语 something somewhat a certain a kind of sort of rather quite

    用 something 这个 deliberately imprecise term,作者 imply 创始人的 influence 是 qualitative and experiential,不能简单 reduce 到 specific behaviors 或 metrics。但紧接着用 infects 这个强烈的 metaphor(带有 viral contagion 的意味),作者 suggest 这种 influence 是 powerful, spreading, and transformative。这个 implicature 对 thesis 很关键:它 establish 了 passion transmission 作为一个 real mechanism,为第三段 about positive emotions being contagious 和第四段 about measuring performance outcomes 做 conceptual groundwork。作者在说:即使我们 can't precisely define 这个 quality,我们 can observe and measure 它的 effects。

  • 科学验证的现有成果与未验证的核心问题

    P4
    Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharper alertness. But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder's passion leads to increased team performance.

    转折类+模糊限制语组合 But what is yet to be demonstrated but what is yet to however, it remains unclear yet little is known about but the question remains nonetheless, we still don't know still, it is uncertain

    作者先用 already done a good job 这种 positive framing 来 acknowledge 现有 science about emotional contagion 和 positive outcomes(better processes, cohesion 等)。但通过 but what is yet to 这个 pivot,作者 reveal 这些 findings 虽然 interesting,却没有 address the ultimate question:does it actually translate into performance?这个 implicature 极其关键,因为它 establish 了 entire study 的 raison d'être。作者在暗示:emotional benefits 和 team performance 之间的 causal link 不能 be assumed,需要 empirical verification。这为第四段 introducing the actual research 和第五六段 revealing the nuanced findings(只有 certain types of passion matter)提供了 logical necessity。这个 gap identification 也 align with 文章 thesis:不是所有 passion 都 equally predictive。

  • 发明激情与企业成功的弱关联

    P6
    But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for founding the venture—doesn't necessarily translate into great success.

    否定类+模糊限制语 not a reliable indicator does not necessarily not always may not is unlikely to rarely leads to seldom results in

    作者通过 not reliable 和 doesn't necessarily 这些 carefully worded negations 来 reveal 一个 surprising finding:对 invention 和 founding 的 passion(这两个 intuitively 应该很重要的 phases)实际上 not predictive of success。这个 implicature 对 thesis 至关重要,因为它 create 一个 puzzle:如果这两种 passion 不管用,那什么管用?这种 rhetorical elimination 让第六段的 positive finding(第三阶段的 passion does predict success)更 dramatic and memorable。作者在说:不是所有 passion are created equal——这个 discriminating insight 正是文章的 core contribution。用 likewise 来 parallel 两个 negative findings 也 strengthen 这个 pattern,暗示只有第三种 passion 才 truly matters,完美 support 文章主旨。

  • 招聘优质人才的风险与创始人的自我牺牲

    P7
    Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially, in order to cover salaries and expenses.

    让步类+并列强化 in itself... as is in itself as is and so is not to mention let alone much less

    通过 in itself 和 as is 这种 layered presentation,作者 build up 招聘的 inherent riskiness,然后用 concrete detail(创始人不给自己发工资)来 dramatize 这个 commitment level。这个 implicature 对 thesis 有 subtle but important connection:它 explain 为什么 只有对第三阶段(business development)有 passion 的团队才 succeed——因为这个阶段 require making hard decisions about resources and people,需要 sustained commitment beyond initial invention excitement。作者暗示:真正的 entrepreneurial success 不是 about brilliant ideas(phase 1)或 startup courage(phase 2),而是 about ongoing resource management and team building(phase 3),这些都 involve real sacrifice and risk。这 reinforce 文章的 counterintuitive thesis:passion for development, not invention, predicts success。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：积极支持

结论先行：本文作者态度为积极支持（ Positive and encouraging with analytical depth）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 转折后的重点即态度 P1

    议论文的 opening stance 往往 reveal 作者的 argumentative direction。这里作者虽然 acknowledge challenges，但用 'passion and excitement' 这样的 emotionally positive words 来 characterize 核心 benefit，表明他对 entrepreneurial ventures 持 favorable view。

  2. 主体描述词的情感色彩 P2

    议论文中作者对 central actors 的 characterization 直接 reflect 他的 stance。这里 entrepreneur 被描绘成 catalyst of positive change，能 inspire courage、motivate focus、prompt gratitude，这种 consistently positive portrayal 表明作者 admires 这个 role。

  3. 证据引用的倾向性 P3 P4

    在 argumentative texts 中，作者对 evidence 的 treatment 很 telling。如果作者 uncritically cite research 来 bolster a claim，说明他 agrees with 那个 claim。这里作者用 'already done a good job' 这种 approving language 来引入 scientific proof，并列举 'better processes'、'greater cohesion'、'reduced conflict' 等 exclusively positive outcomes，shows 他 endorses 这些 findings。

  4. 结论的行动导向性 P6 P7

    议论文的 conclusion 往往 crystallize 作者的 overall stance。这里作者没有 end on a cautionary note 或 highlight failures，而是 provide actionable recommendations。用 'solution to great team performance' 这种 problem-solving framing，表明作者相信 entrepreneurial success 是 achievable 的，他的 attitude 是 encouraging problem-solvers 而不是 warning risk-takers。

  5. 四维度快速定位 P1 P2 P3 P4 P6 P7

    这个 four-point framework 适用于大多数 argumentative texts，因为它 cover 了 argument structure 的 key components：thesis positioning (opening)、actor portrayal (characterization)、reasoning quality (evidence)、以及 final takeaway (conclusion)。当这四个 elements 都 point to the same direction 时，作者 attitude 就很 clear。如果出现 mixed signals（比如 positive opening 但 cautionary conclusion），则需要 weigh which part carries more emphasis。

文中的态度信号词

  • passion and excitement P1

    这组 emotionally charged positive nouns 直接 characterize entrepreneurial ventures 的 core benefit。在议论文中，当作者选择 'passion' 而不是 neutral 的 'interest'，选择 'excitement' 而不是 'activity'，他在 inject emotional approval into the description。这些词 aren't just descriptive；they're evaluative，表明作者 values 这些 qualities。

    同类词 passion excitement enthusiasm energy optimism

  • inspire P2

    这是一组 causative verbs，描述 entrepreneur 对 team 产生的 positive influence。在议论文里，action verbs 的 connotation 很重要。'Inspire' 和 'motivate' 暗示 noble influence，而不是 neutral 的 'cause' 或 negative 的 'pressure'。作者用这些 verbs 来 portray entrepreneurial leadership 为 inherently constructive force。

    同类词 motivate infects prompt celebrate encourage

  • better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict, sharper alertness P3

    这串 comparative adjectives 和 positive outcome nouns 构成 unambiguous positive results list。议论文中，当作者 enumerate outcomes，他选择哪些 outcomes to highlight 以及用什么 modifiers 很 revealing。这里全是 desirable improvements，没有 trade-offs 或 downsides mentioned，表明作者 fully endorses 这些 effects。

    同类词 better greater improved enhanced increased

  • Science has already done a good job of proving P3

    这个 phrase 包含 epistemic marker ('has proven') 和 evaluative language ('done a good job')。在学术性议论文中，作者对 evidence 的 framing 直接 reflect 他的 confidence in the claim。'Good job' 是 explicit approval of the research，而 'already' suggests 这是 well-established fact 而非 emerging speculation。

    同类词 has proven demonstrates confirms validates establishes

  • The solution to great team performance P7

    在议论文结尾用 'solution' 而不是 'possible approach' 或 'one option'，作者在 present his recommendation with confidence。'Solution' implies 这个 method 是 effective 和 advisable 的，不是 merely speculative。这种 prescriptive language 表明作者不仅 analyze 了 phenomenon，还 actively endorse a course of action。

    同类词 solution answer key to success pathway to approach to achieving

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文？

  1. 开头立论 P1

    第1段 提出了 working for a new venture 的 primary benefit 是 passion and excitement，这是作者的 perspective 而非客观描述。说明文会 neutrally present information，新闻报道会 report facts and events，而这里明显是在 advocate 一个观点

  2. 因果论证 P2 P3

    第2段-3 使用了 reasoning chain：founder's energy → inspires team → creates positive culture → leads to specific outcomes。这是典型的 logical argumentation structure。说明文会 organize information by categories，新闻会 follow inverted pyramid structure，而这里明确是在 building a case

  3. 证据深化 P4 P5 P6

    第4段-6 引入了 research findings 来 test 和 nuance 前面的 claim，发现只有 third phase passion 才 correlates with performance。这种 evidence-based refinement 是议论文特有的，说明文不会 argue for specific interpretations，新闻也不会 use evidence to prove a thesis

  4. 行动建议 P7

    第7段 基于前面的 analysis 给出了 solution：recruit staff passionate about developing business。这是 prescriptive conclusion，典型的 argumentative move。说明文会 restate main points，新闻会以 latest information 结尾，只有议论文会 derive actionable recommendations

  5. 首尾定性 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

    本文完整呈现了 claim (第1段) → reasoning (第2段-3) → evidence testing (第4段-6) → solution (第7段) 的 argumentative progression。说明文是 topic → aspects → details structure，新闻是 lead → details → background pattern，只有议论文是这种 thesis-driven logical flow

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁？

  • But the primary benefit is P1 转折对比论证词 but however yet nevertheless on the contrary
  • usually P1 限定性评价词 generally typically often frequently commonly
  • There's something about P2 观点引导词 there's something about what matters is the key point is it is evident that one can argue that
  • may inspire / may motivate / may prompt P2 推测性因果连接词 may lead to could result in might cause can inspire potentially
  • What becomes set in P3 观点总结引导词 what becomes what emerges is the result is this leads to consequently
  • But what is yet to be demonstrated is P4 问题提出与立场标识词 but what remains to be seen the question is whether what is unclear is the issue at stake is what needs examining is
  • The researchers discovered that P6 证据引用标识词 research shows that studies indicate evidence suggests findings reveal data demonstrates
  • The solution to great team performance stems from P7 论点明示与建议提出词 the solution is the answer lies in the key to success is what's needed is the way forward is
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

7 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 的常见问题

2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的主旨是什么？
研究表明,虽然创始人的热情能够激励初创团队,但只有专门针对业务发展的热情——而非发明或创立公司的热情——才能可靠地预测公司的长期成功和团队表现。（英文表述：Research shows that while founders' passion energizes startup teams, only passion specifically directed toward business development—not invention or founding—reliably predicts long-term company success and team performance.）
2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为议论文，作者立场是积极支持（Positive and encouraging with analytical depth）。CEFR 难度 C1，全文 400 词、7 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，C1 级共 343 篇（占 58%）。
2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 7 段按议论文骨架分为 4 个意群：引言 · 第1段——创业公司的风险与激情来源；分论点 · 第2段、第3段——创始人激情的传染机制与积极效应；分论点 · 第4段、第5段——研究设计与创业三阶段框架；分论点 · 第6段、第7段——研究发现与实践启示。
2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是积极支持（Positive and encouraging with analytical depth）。判断路径：转折后的重点即态度 → 主体描述词的情感色彩 → 证据引用的倾向性 → 结论的行动导向性 → 四维度快速定位；文中的态度信号词包括 passion and excitement（第1段）、inspire（第2段）、better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict, sharper alertness（第3段）、Science has already done a good job of proving（第3段）、The solution to great team performance（第7段）。
2021年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 5 个：infect（感染、传播(使某种情绪或态度像传染病一样扩散给他人)）、trivial（琐碎的、不重要的、微不足道的）、cohesion（凝聚力、团队团结协作的程度）、venture（新创企业、风险投资企业(特指处于早期阶段的商业实体)）、stem（源于、起源于、由…产生），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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