2021年12月英语六级第1套真题句子解析： And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own.

look at... from... point of view (固定搭配)

look at life from other points of view

"look at... from... point of view" 是表达"从某个角度看待某事"的标准固定搭配。该结构在学术写作和议论文中极为常见,是表达多元视角、客观分析的核心表达。此处 "look at life" 表示"看待生活","from other points of view" 表示"从其他角度"。注意 "point of view" 既可用单数也可用复数,本句用复数 "points of view" 强调多个不同视角。该搭配也常写作 "from the point of view of..." (从...的角度)或 "from a... point of view" (从某种角度)。

• ✓ look at the problem from different points of view ✗ look at the problem in different points of view 中文学习者易错用 "in" 代替 "from",但此处必须用 "from" 表示视角的来源方向。
• ✓ from my point of view / from my perspective ✗ according to my point of view 表达"依我看"时,正确说法是 "from my point of view" 或 "in my opinion",不能用 "according to my point of view"。"according to" 后面应接信息来源(如人、报告),不接抽象的 "point of view"。

as well as (连接短语)

as well as their own

"as well as" 是表示"除...之外还有;和;也"的连接短语,用于添加补充信息。此处 "as well as their own" 的完整含义是"除了他们自己的视角之外,还要看其他人的视角"。该短语强调前面提到的内容(other points of view)更为重要或是新增信息,而 "as well as" 后的内容(their own)是已知或次要的补充。这与 "and" 的平等并列不同。语法上,"as well as" 连接并列成分时,主语的数由前面的名词决定,如 "The teacher as well as the students is going" (主语是 teacher,用单数)。本句中 "as well as their own" 是省略形式,完整应为 "as well as (from) their own (point of view)"。

• ✓ He is talented as well as hardworking. (强调 talented 是新增或更重要的信息) ✗ 将 "as well as" 与 "and" 完全等同使用,忽视其强调重点的功能 "as well as" 强调前项,暗示前项是更重要或新增的信息;而 "and" 是平等并列。在本句语境中,家长希望孩子首先看重 "other points of view",自己的视角(their own)是次要补充。
• ✓ The manager as well as the employees was present. ("as well as" 后的名词不影响主语数) ✗ The manager as well as the employees were present. 当 "as well as" 连接主语时,谓语动词的数由 "as well as" 前的名词决定,不受后面名词影响。不过本句中 "as well as" 不在主语位置,这个易错点不直接适用于本句,但值得中国学习者掌握。

encourage sb. to do sth. (动词搭配)

parents should encourage their children to look at

"encourage sb. to do sth." 是表达"鼓励某人做某事"的标准动词搭配结构,在四六级和考研中极为高频。该结构中 "encourage" 后必须接人作宾语,然后用 "to do" 不定式表示鼓励的具体行为。此处 "encourage their children to look at life..." 表示"鼓励他们的孩子去看待生活..."。注意 "encourage" 不能直接接动词不定式(不能说 encourage to do),必须有宾语。类似结构还有 "allow/permit/advise/persuade sb. to do sth."。

• ✓ Parents encourage their children to study hard. ✗ Parents encourage to study hard. (缺少宾语) "encourage" 必须有宾语(某人),不能直接接不定式。这是中文学习者的常见错误,因为中文"鼓励学习"可以省略宾语,但英语不行。
• ✓ The teacher encourages students to ask questions. ✗ The teacher encourages students asking questions. "encourage sb. to do" 后面必须用不定式 "to do",不能用 "doing"。虽然某些动词如 "stop" 后可接 doing 或 to do 且含义不同,但 "encourage" 只能接 "to do"。

lastly (逻辑连接副词)

And lastly

"lastly" 是逻辑连接副词,表示"最后一点"或"最后",用于列举论点或步骤的结尾。此处 "And lastly" 表明这是作者要提出的最后一条建议或论点。在学术写作和议论文中,常用 "firstly... secondly... lastly..." 或 "first... second... lastly..." 来组织多个并列要点。"lastly" 与 "finally" 含义相近但略有区别:"lastly" 更侧重于列举中的最后一项,"finally" 则还可表示"终于"(经过等待或努力后)。在正式写作中,"lastly" 比 "at last" 更正式。注意句首的 "And" 在此不是多余的,它强化了与前文的连贯性,在正式写作中可接受。

• ✓ Firstly, we need to plan. Secondly, we must act. Lastly, we should reflect. ✗ Firstly, we need to plan. Secondly, we must act. At last, we should reflect. 在正式列举中应用 "lastly",而不是 "at last"。"at last" 更多表示"终于"(经过等待),不适合用于并列列举的结尾。

their own (所有格强调)

their own

"their own" 是所有格代词 "their" 加强调词 "own" 的组合,表示"他们自己的",强调归属感和主体性。此处 "their own (point of view)" 与前面的 "other points of view" 形成对比,强调孩子们除了考虑他人的视角,也要保留自己的视角。"own" 在所有格后使用是英语中常见的强调手段,如 "my own opinion" (我自己的观点)、"his own way" (他自己的方式)。单独使用 "their point of view" 虽然语法正确,但没有 "their own" 那样的对比和强调意味。在论述平衡多方观点时,这种表达尤为重要。

• ✓ Everyone has their own opinion. (强调各自的、独特的) ✗ Everyone has their opinion. (缺少强调,意思较弱) 当要强调"各自的"、"属于自己的"时,需要加上 "own",否则只是平淡陈述拥有,缺乏对比和强调意味。

情态动词 should 的建议语气

parents should encourage

情态动词 "should" 在此表达建议或义务,语气比 "must" 弱,比 "can/could" 强,适合给出建议性的观点。此处 "parents should encourage..." 表示"家长应该鼓励...",是作者对家长的建议或期望,而非强制要求。在议论文和建议类写作中,"should" 是最常用的表达建议的情态动词。与 "must" (必须,强制性)、"ought to" (应该,较正式)、"had better" (最好,略带警告)相比,"should" 语气适中,既表明观点,又不显得强硬。在考研写作中,使用 "should" 给出建议是标准套路。

• ✓ You should study harder. (建议) ✗ You must study harder. (用在非强制场合显得生硬) 给建议时用 "should" 比 "must" 更委婉得体。"must" 表示强制或必然性,用于建议时会显得过于强硬或命令式,除非是非常严肃的警告。

平衡式论述结构

look at life from other points of view, as well as their own

本句采用了"既...又..."的平衡式论述结构,先强调 "other points of view" (他人视角),再用 "as well as their own" 补充保留 "their own" (自己的视角)。这种结构体现了辩证思维和平衡观点的能力,是英语议论文中常见的论述方式。通过这种结构,作者既强调了培养多元视角的重要性(这是主要观点),又避免了绝对化,承认了个人观点的价值。这种表达体现了西方学术写作中重视的"批判性思维"(critical thinking)和"多元视角"(multiple perspectives)。在考研写作中,这种平衡式表达能够展现考生思维的成熟度。

"point of view" 的单复数使用

other points of view their own

本句使用了复数 "points of view",这对中文学习者是个易错点。当表示多个不同的视角时,应使用复数形式;当表示一个特定的视角时,用单数 "point of view"。此处 "other points of view" 表示"其他的(多个)视角",因为不同人有不同观点,所以用复数。而 "their own" 后省略的也应是 "point of view" (单数),因为这里是说每个孩子自己的(一个)视角。中文学习者常因中文的"观点"、"视角"没有单复数变化而忽略英语的数的一致性。另外,"point of view" 的复数是 "points of view",而不是 "point of views",因为中心词是 "point"。

• ✓ different points of view (复数,表示多个视角) ✗ different point of views 复数应加在中心词 "point" 上,而不是 "view" 上。正确形式是 "points of view"。
• ✓ From my point of view, this is correct. (单数,表示我的一个视角) ✗ From my points of view, this is correct. 当表示某一个人的视角时,应用单数 "point of view",因为一个人同时只有一个视角或立场。

省略结构的识别

as well as their own

"as well as their own" 是省略结构,完整形式应为 "as well as (from) their own (point of view)"。为避免重复,省略了与前文相同的部分。这种省略在英语中极为常见,能使句子更简洁流畅。中文学习者需要培养识别和还原省略成分的能力,才能准确理解句意。此处的省略包括介词 "from" 和名词短语 "point of view",只保留了核心的所有格 "their own"。识别省略的关键是找到句子的平行结构:前面是 "from other points of view",后面省略的也应是 "from... point of view" 结构。在写作中,适当使用省略可以避免啰嗦,但要确保不会造成歧义。

• ✓ 识别 "as well as their own" 是 "as well as from their own point of view" 的省略 ✗ 将 "their own" 理解为独立成分,无法与前文的 "from other points of view" 建立平行关系 中文学习者在阅读时若不识别省略,可能误解句子结构,认为 "their own" 是单独添加的信息,而非与前文平行的省略结构。