2021年12月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What does Sarah think David was doing for the last two weeks?

thought 引出的"我们以为"。答案信号是表"猜测"的 We thought you had disappeared on holiday early——题干问的正是 Sarah "think" 什么，录音里对应的就是 thought 这个"以为"，听到"以为/猜"类词就锁定它是回答"别人怎么想"那道题的句子。

• disappeared on holiday early↔He was enjoying his holiday.去度假 = 享受假期

• B)原词陷阱B 盗用了录音里 David 自述去医院的情节（had to go to the hospital），但那是"实际发生"且由 David 本人后说出来的，并非 Sarah "以为"的内容；题干问的是 Sarah 的猜测，故 B 答非所问。

  借用原文：had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics

• C)原词陷阱C 盗用了录音后半 all my essays are in there（论文都在电脑里）的 essays 一词，制造"听到 essays 就选"的诱惑；但那是讲电脑坏了的麻烦，根本不是 Sarah 对"这两周在做什么"的猜测。

  借用原文：all my essays are in there

• D)原词陷阱D 盗用 David 自述的 I got a throat infection last week（得了喉咙感染），是真实发生的病情；但题干要的是 Sarah "以为"的内容，Sarah 当时以为他在度假，并不知道他生病，故 D 张冠李戴、答非所问。

  借用原文：I got a throat infection last week

What happened to David on his way back from the hospital?

题干同序短语 on the way back 直接对位。答案信号是录音里与题干几乎同词的 on the way back from the hospital——题目限定"回来的路上"，录音正好用同一短语领起这件事，听到这个时间状语就锁定其后描述的动作即答案。

• I slipped on some ice and fell↔He slipped on ice and fell.几乎原样对应的动作

• A)与原文相反A 盗用录音 I basically thought I broke my wrist 里的 broke my wrist，但紧跟着是 although, thankfully, it's not broken（其实没断）。选项只取了"以为断了"、漏掉了否定反转，与原文相反，故错。

  借用原文：I basically thought I broke my wrist, although, thankfully, it's not broken

• B)未提及B 盗用录音 get some antibiotics 里的 antibiotics 一词，制造熟词诱惑；但录音只说去医院拿抗生素，从未提"丢了药"，属无中生有，且与"路上发生的事"无关。

  借用原文：get some antibiotics

• D)答非所问D 盗用录音 fall right in front of four girls 的"被女生看到/笑"情节，听上去确有其事；但那是 To make things worse 之后追加的另一桩糗事，题干问的是"回来路上发生了什么"，对应的是滑倒，D 答非所问。

  借用原文：I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade

What does Sarah say they should do with the damaged computer?

Let's… 之前被否掉、之后才是定案。前文 P7 先提"在保修期就退给厂家换新机"，但 P8 一句 The warranty ran out three days before I broke it（保修过期了）把它否掉；真正的定案信号是 P9 里 Sarah 的建议句 Let's go back to my house and we can call the repair shop——Let's 引出的才是最终方案。

• call the repair shop↔Call the repair shop to fix it.打电话给维修店 = 找维修店修

• A)原词陷阱A 盗用录音 My dad has used this guy before 里的 dad，制造"听到 dad 就选"的诱惑；但录音只是说"她爸以前找过这家维修店"，用来佐证店靠谱，并非"向她爸求助"，故 A 偷换概念。

  借用原文：My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles

• C)与原文相反C 盗用录音 send it back to the manufacturer 里的 manufacturer，听起来像方案之一；但 P8 的 The warranty ran out（保修已过期）已把这条路堵死，它是被否掉的方案，非最终决定。

  借用原文：you can easily send it back to the manufacturer

• D)与原文相反D 盗用录音 they'll send you a brand-new one 里的 brand-new，最诱人；但"免费换新机"的前提是 Is the laptop still under warranty，而保修已过期，这个方案随之作废，故 D 与原文相反。

  借用原文：they'll send you a brand-new one for free surely

What does Sarah say she is going to do?

Let's / you can have 引出的主动招待。答案信号是 Sarah 结尾的邀约句 you can have some tea and cookies too——you can have 引出她要为 David 提供的招待。听对话结尾热心一方 Let's…、you can… 的邀约动作，就是"她要做什么"的落点。

• you can have some tea and cookies too↔Offer David some refreshments.茶和饼干 = refreshments（茶点）

• A)过度推断A 盗用录音 all my essays are in there 的 essays，听上去像"帮他取回论文"；但 Sarah 提供的是"打电话找维修店修电脑"，retrieve essays（取回论文）是修好后才可能的结果，录音并未说她要去取论文，属过度推断。

  借用原文：all my essays are in there

• B)未提及B 借"去她家、提到她 dad"的语境（My dad has used this guy before）让人联想"见家长"；但录音只说回她家打电话、吃茶点，从没提"introduce David to her parents（引见给父母）"，属无中生有。
• D)与原文相反D 把录音 Let's go back to my house（回我家）的方向偷偷反过来，写成 Accompany David to his home.（陪他回他家）。go back to my house 指"去 Sarah 家"，与"to his home"正好相反，属方向/地点偷换。

  借用原文：Let's go back to my house

What does the man say about the woman?

主持人开场介绍嘉宾的应答位。信号是开场白里主持人介绍来宾的那句 With me today is Heidi Brown, a historian…——访谈类对话，嘉宾身份就在主持人 "今天的嘉宾是…" 这句里点出，这是身份题的固定落点。

• a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history↔She is a historian of military history.把长定语压缩成 historian of military history

• A)原词陷阱critic of works on military affairs 借了原文的 military 一词，但原文说她 has written five … books（她是写书的作者），不是 "评论他人作品的评论家"，身份对不上。

  借用原文：has written five critically acclaimed books about military history

• B)张冠李戴hostess of Book Talk 盗用了开场的节目名 Book Talk，但主持节目的是男方（he），女方是受邀嘉宾，把主持人身份安到了女方头上。

  借用原文：Welcome to this week's episode of Book Talk

• C)偷换概念researcher of literary genres 里的 genres 蹭了后文谈体裁的内容，但原文明确说她是 a historian，不是 "文学体裁研究者"，身份被偷换。

  借用原文：your first attempt at that genre

What does the woman say about her newly published book?

被问者亲口描述新书的应答句。信号是女方自己介绍新书的那句 It's set 200 years in the future——题目问 "woman say about her book"，落点就在被问者亲口说书的特征处；"a work of fiction"（虚构作品）+ "set in the future"（设定在未来）两点合起来，就是一部 "设定在未来的战争小说"。

• a work of fiction↔a war novelfiction=novel，结合前文军人题材即 war novel
• It's set 200 years in the future↔set in the future200 years in the future=in the future

• A)原词陷阱military history of Europe 蹭了开场说她写 military history 的话，但那指她过去五本书，新书是面向未来的小说；且原文从未提 Europe。

  借用原文：five critically acclaimed books about military history

• B)与原文相反set in the 18th and 19th centuries 直接盗用主持人那句 focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries，但那说的是她 "过去三十年研究的年代"，新书恰恰相反，是设定在 future。

  借用原文：focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries

• C)原词陷阱her fifth book of military history 盗用了 five … books about military history 里的 five，但 five 是她此前史书的数量，新书是新出的小说，不是 "第五本军事史"。

  借用原文：has written five critically acclaimed books about military history

What did the woman do before writing her new book?

被问者讲自己怎么起步的应答句。信号是女方自述研究起点的那句 I started by researching soldiers' actual personal lives——题目问她写书前做了什么，落点就在被问者讲自己研究动作的句子；"researching … personal lives"（研究私人生活）就是答案动作。

• researching soldiers' actual personal lives↔looked into the personal lives of soldiersresearching=looked into，词序调整

• A)原词陷阱visited soldiers' wives and mothers 盗用第7段 the bond between sons and mothers and men and their wives 里的 mothers、wives，但那说的是小说写的关系，不是她去 "探访" 了这些人，动作无中生有。

  借用原文：the bond between sons and mothers and men and their wives

• B)偷换概念conducted surveys of many soldiers 与原文 studying their letters home 方式不符——她是研读士兵的家书，不是 "对众多士兵做问卷调查"，调研方式被偷换。

  借用原文：studying their letters home

• C)原词陷阱met a large number of soldiers in person 借了原文反复出现的 soldiers，但她是 studying their letters home（读信），原文从未说她 "当面见了大量士兵"，in person 与数量都是加出来的。

  借用原文：after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives

What does the woman say about her writing history books?

感受词 felt too constrained + 转折 but。信号有两处：一是被问者直陈感受的 I felt too constrained working with the past（写过去让我太受束缚），二是 but writing about the future gave me more freedom 的转折 but——"过去受限 / 未来更自由" 的对比正是答案落点；写史书（过去）即 "没有多少想象的自由"。

• I felt too constrained working with the past↔She doesn't have much freedom for imagination.constrained=没有多少自由，肯否定转换
• writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent↔freedom for imaginationfreedom to imagine=freedom for imagination

• B)张冠李戴make her readers believe in her 蹭了主持人那句 any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility 的 credibility，但那是主持人讲 "你写历史小说会很可信"，不是她说 "难让读者相信她"，张冠李戴且意思相反。

  借用原文：any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility

• C)未提及difficult to attract young readers 里的 "young readers" 原文从头到尾没出现，她谈的是写作自由问题，跟 "吸引年轻读者" 毫无关系。
• D)与原文相反combine fact with fiction 直接搬来原文的 fact as opposed to fiction，但原文是 "事实 与 虚构 相对立"，且她觉得写史书时只能要 fact 不能要 fiction，根本不是 "把事实与虚构结合"。

  借用原文：what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction

What does the passage say appears in almost all ads for Coca-Cola?

范围词 nearly all 锁定唯一答案。答案句用 one thing you'll find in nearly all ads（在几乎所有广告里都能找到的"一样东西"），"one thing""nearly all" 这种唯一性加全范围的限定，正是答案信号——它把临时露脸的圣诞老人、北极熊排除，只指向冒号后的那个玻璃瓶。

• the characteristic glass bottle↔A glass bottle.去掉修饰词的同一物
• in nearly all ads for Coca-Cola↔in almost all ads for Coca-Colanearly all 等于 almost all

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念了 Santa Claus，但 Whether it's in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus 是在说"不管是在北极熊还是圣诞老人手里"，他俩只是举例，真正"几乎所有广告都有"的是后面那个玻璃瓶，不是圣诞老人。

  借用原文：Whether it's in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus

• B)原词陷阱A polar bear. 来自 in the hands of animated polar bears，和圣诞老人并列做举例，是"拿着瓶子的角色"而非"几乎所有广告都有的那样东西"，听到原词就选会掉坑。

  借用原文：animated polar bears

• C)答非所问可可豆出现在第3段讲设计灵感时，landing on cocoa seed，说的是瓶子"按可可豆形状设计"，并不是"出现在广告里"的东西，与题干问的 ads 错位。

  借用原文：landing on cocoa seed

Why did the Coca-Cola Company decide to have special packaging designed?

因果信号 So 连接原因与决定。counterfeits even trying to copy Coke's logo. So…the company decided to come up with packaging that couldn't be duplicated，一个 So 把前因（被仿冒、logo被抄）和后果（决定设计不可复制的包装）连起来，So 前那句就是"为什么设计特殊包装"的答案信号。

• counterfeits even trying to copy Coke's logo↔To combat counterfeits.应对仿冒即打击仿冒

• A)未提及To attract customer attention.（吸引顾客注意）听上去对任何包装设计都成立，但录音从头到尾没说为了"吸引注意"，给出的原因只有"防仿冒"，这是凭常识脑补出来的，不是原文给的。
• B)未提及To keep up with the times.（跟上时代）在录音里没有任何对应，原文谈的是"被仿冒所以要做防复制包装"，跟"时代"无关，是凭空添加的理由。
• D)答非所问To promote its sales.（促进销售）虽合常识，但录音里"设计特殊包装"这个决定的直接原因是 So 前那句"被仿冒"，不是为了促销。销量大增（Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions）是结果，不是设计包装的初衷，时间和因果都对不上。

  借用原文：Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions

What do we learn about the Coca-Cola bottle designed by the Root Glass Company?

designed…based on 直陈设计依据。they designed their bottle based on the seed's shape and large middle，designed…based on（按照……来设计）是直接交代瓶子"长什么样、依什么而来"的核心句，正是瓶子特征的答案信号。其中 seed 指上句翻到的 cocoa seed。

• designed their bottle based on the seed's shape and large middle↔It appears in the shape of a cocoa seed.按可可豆形状设计=呈可可豆形状

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念了 encyclopedia，began flipping through the encyclopedia 说的是工人"翻百科全书"才找到可可豆，百科全书只是查找的途径；选项 It resembles a picture in the encyclopedia. 却说瓶子"像百科里的一幅图"，把"在百科里查到灵感"偷换成"瓶子长得像百科图片"，原文没这么说。

  借用原文：began flipping through the encyclopedia at the local library

• C)张冠李戴It has the drink's logo in the middle. 把第2段的 logo 和本段的 large middle 拼在一起，貌似有据。但 logo 出现在 counterfeits even trying to copy Coke's logo（讲仿冒抄袭logo），原文从没说瓶子"中间有logo"；瓶子的中部是 large middle（宽大的中部），与"有logo"无关。

  借用原文：trying to copy Coke's logo

• D)张冠李戴It displays the image of Santa Claus. 搬来第1段的 Santa Claus，但圣诞老人出现在 in the hands of…Santa Claus（广告里的形象），原文从未说瓶子上"显示圣诞老人图像"，这是把广告形象错安到瓶子身上。

  借用原文：in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus

What does research show about a conversation between strangers?

Research shows 引出结论。句首 Research shows that 是明确的结论信号，紧跟其后的 creates a measurable improvement in mood 就是研究的核心发现，正对题干的 research show。

• creates a measurable improvement in mood↔improves their mood considerablycreates improvement = improves

• A)原词陷阱It often occurs among commuters. 借了录音第2段的 commuters 一词制造耳熟，但研究的结论是交谈改善心情，并非说交谈'常发生在通勤者中间'，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：commuters who talked to nearby strangers

• B)未提及It promotes mutual understanding. 听起来很合理，但录音通篇讲的是改善心情（mood）、让人更愉快，从未说交谈'促进相互理解'，属无中生有。
• D)与原文相反It takes a great deal of effort to sustain. 说交谈很费力，而录音说的是 a few moments of conversation 就能改善心情，强调轻松易得，方向相反。

  借用原文：a few moments of conversation with a stranger

What prevents people from starting conversation with strangers?

appears to be the problem 点名症结。appears to be the problem 直接把'问题所在'点出来，这正是题干 prevents（阻碍）对应的那个原因，是答案句的明确信号。

• Social anxiety appears to be the problem↔Social anxiety原词直接对应

• B)偷换概念Excessive caution. 看似与社交焦虑相近，但录音从未用 caution 或'过度谨慎'来解释，把焦虑悄悄换成谨慎，属偷换概念。
• C)未提及Lack of social skills. 听上去也像不愿交谈的理由，但录音解释的是人们 underestimating others' interest（低估别人交谈意愿），不是缺技巧，无中生有。
• D)原词陷阱Preference for solitude. 借了第2段 the more solitary experience 的耳熟感，但那是说通勤者'预期'独处更愉快，并非说人们因'偏爱独处'而不交谈，盗用原词又偷换。

  借用原文：most expected the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable

Why does a negative encounter with strangers stick in one's memory?

This is because 因果信号。This is because 是显眼的因果连接词，承上句的 stick in your memory，下接真正原因 the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events，正是答案信号。

• the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events↔Human brains tend to dwell on negative eventsis biased to = tend to

• A)未提及People usually regard it as an unforgettable lesson. 把'记住'解释成'当作难忘教训'，但录音给的原因是大脑机制，从未说人们把它当教训，无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱Negative events often hurt people deeply. 借了 negative 的耳熟感，说负面事件'伤人很深'，但题干问的是'为何留在记忆'，原因是大脑偏向回想、不是伤得深，答非所问。

  借用原文：dwell on negative events

• D)原词陷阱People generally resent being rejected. 借了第4段末 the risk of rejection 的耳熟感，但那是另一句话，且'怨恨被拒'并不解释'为何记住负面经历'，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the risk of rejection

What does the passage say the pleasure of connection seems to be?

seems 后形容词即答案。The pleasure of connection seems contagious 与题干 pleasure of connection seems to be 几乎逐词对应，seems 后的形容词 contagious 就是答案信号。

• seems contagious↔Contagious形容词原词对应

• B)未提及Temporary. 录音从未说这种愉悦是'短暂'的，无中生有，且与全文鼓励交谈、强调正面的基调不符。
• C)未提及Unpredictable. 录音没有任何关于'难以预测'的说法，纯属无中生有。
• D)张冠李戴Measurable. 借了第1段 a measurable improvement in mood 的耳熟感，但 measurable 是形容第1段的'心情改善'，不是第5段的'连接愉悦'，把别处的修饰词安到本题主语上，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：a measurable improvement in mood

What does the speaker say about the economy of the Caribbean islands?

based mainly on 正面给定。答案信号是 economy is based mainly on farming 里的 mainly——「主要」二字直接把经济支柱钉在 farming 上，这种「主语 + based mainly on + X」是篇章里下结论的典型句式，听到 mainly 就锁定。

• based mainly on farming↔mainly based on agriculturefarming=agriculture 同义

• A)原词陷阱录音第三段确实大谈 tourism has increased rapidly，A 把这个真出现过的 tourism 拎出来冒充经济支柱，但讲经济基础的第一段明说是 farming，旅游只是后文另起的话题。

  借用原文：tourism has increased rapidly

• B)未提及录音通篇没说经济「靠外贸 / 外贸繁荣」，第二段虽列了 export crops，但那是讲「出口哪些农产品」，不是说「经济建立在对外贸易上」，B 属于无中生有。
• D)原词陷阱录音第二段提到 From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch、铝矿等矿产，D 抓住这个真出现的 mineral 说经济「主要靠矿产出口」，但原文用 also（还有）把它列为次要物产，主轴明说是 farming。

  借用原文：From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch

What is the main product of the Caribbean islands?

the main product 唯一性标志。信号是 Sugar is the main product 里的 the main——这是一句干净利落的判断句，直接把「主要产品」的头衔给了 sugar；篇章里这种「X is the main / the only …」就是答案句的标准长相。

• Sugar is the main product↔Sugar.原词同指即答案

• A)原词陷阱录音 Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas 把 tobacco 列在「其他出口作物」里，A 抓住这个真念到的 tobacco，但它前面写着 other（其他的），明摆着是配角，不是 main。

  借用原文：Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas

• B)原词陷阱bananas 同样出自 Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas，与烟草、咖啡一道属于「其他作物」，被念到不等于是主产品。

  借用原文：Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas

• C)原词陷阱coffee 也来自 tobacco, coffee, bananas 这串「其他出口作物」，与答案句的 the main product 无关，听到就选即落坑。

  借用原文：tobacco, coffee, bananas

What do we learn about the majority of people in the Caribbean islands?

转折 But + 数量词点群。双重信号：But here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy 用转折 But 把重心从前句的富人扭向穷人，再用 Most of the people live well below the poverty level 的 Most 把「贫困」正式派给大多数人——转折后 + most 出现处，就是答案落点。

• Most of the people live well below the poverty level↔They live a poor life.below poverty=poor 概括

• A)答非所问录音第一段说 the small cultivator is working only a few acres of land，A「在农场劳作」沾了「耕作」的边，但那是讲农民这一小群，第四段描述多数穷人时讲的是 they live crowded together in tiny houses（挤在小屋里），并未说多数人都在田里劳作。

  借用原文：the small cultivator is working only a few acres of land

• C)张冠李戴录音 A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses 明说住西班牙式房子的是 rich people（富人），C 把这句富人的真实细节张冠李戴到「多数人」头上，正好与题问的 majority 相反。

  借用原文：rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses

• D)张冠李戴录音 Their servants might include a cook, a maid, and a nurse 说请仆人的是前句的 rich people，D「雇人做家务」盗用了这处真出现的 servants 描写，却同样安错了对象——是少数富人，不是多数人。

  借用原文：Their servants might include a cook, a maid, and a nurse

What will happen to children if they always get immediate satisfaction?

转折 But + 结果词 end up。这句以 But in the longer term 起头，转折信号 But 把前面"短期或许是对的"翻转，后半才是真正结论；再加 such children end up 的 end up 是明确的结果信号，双重提示这就是答案句。

• such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied↔They will end up lonely, dependent and dissatisfied.近乎照搬但删了 chronically

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 demanding, selfish and spoiled children 里的 demanding，A 用 more demanding of their next generation 把这个原词搬来，但录音说的是孩子本身"难缠"，不是说他们将来"对下一代更苛求"，属听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：demanding, selfish and spoiled children

• C)未提及C 说孩子会经历 more setbacks than successes，但录音第1段讲长远后果时只提孤独、依赖、不满，从未说"挫折多于成功"，这是录音未提及的内容。
• D)过度推断D 的 difficult to get along with others 看似贴近"孤独"，但录音长远后果那句只说 lonely / dependent / dissatisfied / resentful，并未说"难以与人相处"，是从 lonely 过度推断出来的，原话没这层意思。

What may prevent parents from raising confident and capable children?

因果信号 One factor hindering。这句以 One factor hindering this is that 开头，hindering（妨碍）直接呼应题干的 prevent，是明确的"原因信号"，紧随其后的内容就是要找的妨碍因素。

• parents can't or don't spend enough quality time with their kids↔Failure to spend sufficient quality time with them.can't or don't＝Failure，enough＝sufficient

• A)原词陷阱录音说孩子需要 parents' devoted attention，A 用 Failure to pay due attention to their behavior 把 attention 这个原词搬来，却拼成"不关注孩子的行为"，而原话讲的是"投入式的陪伴关注"，不是关注 behavior，属盗用原词后偷换对象。

  借用原文：children need parents' devoted attention

• B)与原文相反录音里 substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets 把 toys 当作父母"拿来替代陪伴"的东西，B 却说成 Unwillingness to allow them to play with toys（不让孩子玩玩具），与原话意思相反，是盗用 toys 后反着说。

  借用原文：substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets and the like

• C)张冠李戴C 的 satisfy their wishes immediately 借用了录音 instantly satisfying their wishes 里的"立刻满足"，但那是第19/21题的话题、是"父母不该做的事"，并不是本题问的"妨碍培养自信能干孩子"的因素，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes

Why should children be encouraged to keep trying when they fail?

作用信号 This teaches them。这句以 This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment 开头，This teaches them 是明确的"作用/理由"信号，直接回答题干的 Why，后半的内容就是"坚持尝试"带来的好处。

• how to handle and recover from disappointment↔It will help them to handle disappointment.handle disappointment 原义保留

• A)未提及A 说 learn from mistakes，听起来很符合"失败时坚持"的常识，但录音第4段讲的是 handle and recover from disappointment，并没有说"从错误中学习"，是凭印象补出来的内容。
• C)过度推断C 的 good to their mental health 看似贴近"更健康"，但录音说的是 greater success and satisfaction academically, financially and in personal relationships，讲的是成功与满足，并未说"有益心理健康"，是从相邻段 healthier 过度推断而来。

  借用原文：greater success and satisfaction academically, financially and in personal relationships

• D)偷换概念D 的 endure hardships（忍受艰难）与 B 的"应对失望"语义相近、最易混，但录音原话明确是 handle and recover from disappointment，是"应对失望"而非"忍受艰苦"，D 是凭近义自造的说法。

What does the speaker say can easily prevent an interviewee from getting a job?

坏结果信号 go downhill。can quickly go downhill 是"机会迅速变差"的坏结果信号，它后面紧跟的 just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time 正是造成坏结果的行为，这句因此是答案句。

• saying the wrong thing at the wrong time↔Saying the wrong thing at the wrong time原句直接成项

• A)未提及Failing to make sufficient preparations. 准备不足是常识里"会面试失败"的原因，听起来合理，但录音第一段只说"说错话"会让机会下滑，从没提"准备"，属凭常识想当然。
• B)原词陷阱Looking away from the hiring manager. 借了第一段真出现过的 hiring manager 一词，让人听到耳熟就想选，但录音说的是坐在招聘经理对面会紧张，从没说"移开视线"会害你丢工作。

  借用原文：sitting across from a hiring manager

• D)偷换概念Making a wrong judgment of the interview. 用了录音里的 judgment，但原文 open themselves up for judgment 指"面试者被别人评判"，不是"面试者自己判断失误"，对象正好反了。

  借用原文：answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment

What should the interviewee avoid doing in an interview?

禁止信号 thing not to do。The most obvious thing not to do is complain 用 not to do 这一最强禁止信号直接点名 complain，是本题答案句；后文 Talking about a previous job negatively 进一步把"抱怨"具体化为"负面谈上一份工作"。

• Talking about a previous job negatively↔Complaining about their previous jobnegatively=complaining 同义替换

• B)未提及Inquiring about their salary to be paid. 打听薪水常被视为面试敏感举动、很像"该避免"，但录音第二段只说别抱怨，全篇没提薪水，是凭常识硬塞的答案。
• C)未提及Exaggerating their academic background. 夸大学历是面试禁忌的常见说法，听着也对，但录音里没有任何关于"学历"或"夸大"的内容，属未提及。
• D)与原文相反Understating their previous achievements. 说"贬低自己以往成绩"。录音第四段其实是叫人别把功劳全揽到自己头上、要归功团队 never take all the credit for accomplishments，那是"别独揽功劳"，与"低估自己成绩"方向相反，也不是本题第二段的内容。

  借用原文：never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements

What kind of employees do companies like to recruit?

偏好信号 love people who。Managers usually love people who 中的 love 是"喜欢哪种人"的偏好信号，紧跟其后的 taking initiative 等特质就是公司想要的，是本题答案句。

• enable growth through taking initiative↔take initiative in their worktaking initiative 近乎原义对应

• A)答非所问Those who have both skill and experience."既有技能又有经验"听着是公司最想要的全能人才，很诱人，但本段说的是"主动、把活做到底、带方案"，并没说"技能+经验"；skill 一词要到第五段讲小公司时才出现，与本题问的"公司喜欢哪种人"不在同一处。
• B)未提及Those who get along well with colleagues."与同事相处融洽"是大家公认的好特质，但录音第三段夸的是主动、能跟进、带方案，从没提"与同事关系"，属未提及。
• D)原词陷阱Those who are loyal to their managers. 借了本段反复出现的 manager 一词，又把"忠诚"包装成美德，极易误选；但录音说的是"经理喜欢主动的人"，没有任何"对经理忠诚"的意思。

  借用原文：Managers usually love people who can self-sustain

What is especially important for those working in a small company?

强调信号 especially true + highly valued。This is especially true in small companies 把场景锁定到小公司，is highly valued 是"备受看重"的强调信号，二者之间的 take on new responsibilities 正是被看重的能力，这句是答案句。

• take on new responsibilities↔shoulder new responsibilitiestake on=shoulder 同义替换

• B)过度推断Experience of performing multiple roles. 由录音 your role is whatever you make of it"角色由你定"顺势联想出"做过多种角色的经验"，看似沾边，但原文强调的是"愿意承担新责、能适应"，不是"已有多角色经验"，是从原话多推了一步。

  借用原文：your role is whatever you make of it

• C)原词陷阱Readiness to work to flexible schedules. 借了录音 you're flexible 的 flexible 一词，让听到"灵活"就想选；但原文的 flexible 指"愿意承担超出本职的工作"，不是"弹性的上班时间表"，对象被偷换了。

  借用原文：try and convey the idea that you're flexible

• D)未提及Skills to communicate with colleagues. 沟通能力是公认的职场好技能，但第五段讲小公司时说的是适应与担新责，并未提"与同事沟通"，属未提及。