2011年考研英语二真题 Section III The Green IT Myth
Postgraduate · 来自 2011年考研英语二真题 · Section III · 英译汉(段落翻译)

The Green IT Myth

2011年考研英语二真题文章逐层精读

New Statesmen(《新政治家》)2010年6月10日一篇题为The Green IT Myth(绿色IT的神话)的文章。

本页是 2011年考研英语二真题 Section III 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 151 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在考研英语二文章中占 22%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他考研英语真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2011年考研英语二真题 Section III 的英译汉(段落翻译)原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

The Green IT Myth

Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do – roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?

Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2011年考研英语二真题 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    IT's Hidden Carbon Footprint

    The IT industry's CO2 emissions are as significant as those of global aviation.

    本段在全文中承担 opening and problem-introduction 的作用,先用航空业这一熟悉参照物打破读者对IT行业“环保”的默认印象。它确立了文章的总议题——IT industry's carbon emissions,并为第二段追问具体 digital activities 为何会造成排放做好铺垫。

    抓比较和数据
  2. P2

    The Environmental Cost of a Google Search

    Everyday online activities generate emissions because data centres require large amounts of energy and cooling.

    本段是全文的 explanation body,它回答了第一段提出的“IT行业为何有大量排放”这一隐含问题。作者通过从 Google search 到 data centres、再到 cooling 的层层推进,将抽象的 industry emissions 落实为可理解的 energy-intensive mechanism,从而增强文章主旨的说服力。

    顺着搜索找机房
  3. P3

    Beyond Corporate Efficiency

    Tech companies' efficiency efforts are helpful, but broader action is needed to reduce IT emissions.

    本段承担 conclusion and call-for-action 的作用,使文章不止于揭示问题和说明原因,还进一步评估现有应对措施。它与文章主旨中的 While major tech companies monitor and improve efficiency, broader action... is needed 完全对应,并将论述落脚到共同减排这一更具现实意义的方向。

    抓住转折后的不足
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2011年考研英语二真题这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 IT industry greenhouse-gas emissions

    What does the passage indicate about the IT industry's greenhouse-gas emissions?

    • A It is far greater than that produced by the world's airlines and exceeds 2 percent of CO2 emissions.
    • B It is lower than airline emissions because digital services use little energy.
    • C It is roughly equal to that produced by the world's airlines, accounting for about 2 percent of CO2 emissions.
    • D It accounts for about 2 percent of global airline emissions.
    • E It is comparable to the emissions from all forms of global transport.
    • F It represents 2 percent of the energy consumed by the IT industry worldwide.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    正确项完整保留了原文的两层限定:其一,比较关系是 roughly equal,而非绝对相同;其二,about 2 percent 修饰的是 all CO2 emissions 的总体占比。它没有把 global 范围缩小成局部案例,也没有把 greenhouse gases 偷换成其他 environmental cost。障碍在于题干只问总体情况,选项却要求考生同时整合 comparison 与 percentage;只记住一个数字或一个对象都会失分。

    三槽核对 时间最紧时,先在题干中抓取不可替换的 IT industry,直接定位到 第1段;然后不做逐项全文回读,而是把各选项压缩成“比较对象+程度+百分比基数”三个槽位。以原句的 airlines、roughly equal、all CO2 emissions 为判据,只有正确项三个槽位全部对齐。这个方法比逐字翻译更快,因为它利用了说明文数据句的信息骨架。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 Google's data centres substantial energy use

    Why do Google's data centres require substantial energy use?

    • A They must repeatedly search for the right answer before serving users.
    • B They consume energy mainly to prevent computers from producing CO2.
    • C They need extra power because the computers are designed to operate inefficiently.
    • D Their computers generate much heat, so extensive air-conditioning is needed in addition to the power required for operation.
    • E They are built worldwide primarily to reduce the time needed for air-conditioning.
    • F They use energy only when a search fails to produce the right answer.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    正确项准确复现了机制链:powerful computers 运行并 produce CO2,同时 emit a great deal of heat;为了处理 heat,centres need to be well air-conditioned,而 cooling uses even more energy。选项中的 in addition to 把设备本身的运行能耗与制冷附加能耗并列,符合 substantial 的原因。障碍在于原文先说快速 deliver results 的目的,后说 heat 和 air-conditioning 的直接机制;考生若只读首句,容易选到目的而漏掉能耗解释。

    热量箭头链 时间紧张时,从题干中直接扫描 Google’s data centres,定位 第2段;随后采用“箭头读法”,只读含逻辑箭头的谓语链:computers emit heat → centres need air-conditioning → cooling uses more energy。不要先逐字处理 search 的数字例子。将每个选项代入这条箭头,能顺向接上的正确项即为答案项;凡是倒置箭头或换掉 heat 的对象,立即排除。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 efficiency monitoring major technology companies

    What is the author's view of efficiency monitoring by major technology companies?

    • A It has already solved the environmental problems caused by the technology sector.
    • B It is ineffective because efficiency improvements cannot reduce emissions.
    • C It should be undertaken exclusively by the largest technology providers.
    • D It matters only when companies operate data centres in several countries.
    • E It is a first step toward reduction, but much more still needs to be done.
    • F It is less important than reducing the number of online searches by users.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    正确项准确保留了作者评价的两层结构:monitoring is the first step 表明效率监测具有起点价值,there is much more to be done 则表明它并不代表 reduction 任务已经完成。选项没有把 initial measure 夸大成 complete solution,也没有把 not just by big companies 错接为 monitoring 本身必须扩大实施主体。障碍在于考生需要识别 but 后的 limitation,并准确判断各分句的修饰对象。

    评价词截取 紧张时以 efficiency monitoring 的词根 monitor 为第一抓手,并用 major technology companies 的同义线索确认 第3段。随后执行“评价词截取”:抓 first step 与 much more,先建立“起点价值+任务未完”的最短立场框架。再检查 not just by big companies 在 grammar 上修饰的是 much more to be done,避免将其误接到 monitoring。能完整保持前述立场且不发生修饰错接的正确项就是答案项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引出话题:IT行业的碳排放现状

    通过一个反问句 rhetorical question 来引出 introduce 令人意外的 surprising 事实:global IT industry 的 greenhouse gas emissions 竟然和 airlines 相当,约占 total CO2 emissions 的2%,这种 unexpected comparison 立刻吸引 reader's attention 并建立起 topic relevance。

    作为说明文的 opening paragraph,这个意群运用了 surprising fact 的策略来 establish the significance of the topic,让 readers 意识到 IT industry's environmental impact 是一个 substantial issue,为后文的 detailed explanation 和 call for action 奠定 foundation。

    提出核心问题
  2. 具体阐释:日常数字活动的环境代价

    通过 concrete example 即 Google search 来 illustrate 前面提到的 general claim。这个 paragraph 详细说明了 how everyday digital tasks 产生 environmental toll:single search 会 leak 0.2-7.0 grams CO2,而为了 deliver quick results,Google 必须 maintain vast data centres,这些 centres 的 powerful computers 既 produce CO2 又 emit heat,需要 air-conditioning 从而 consume even more energy,形成一个 energy-intensive cycle。

    说明文需要 concrete evidence 来 support abstract claims。这个意群通过 specific case study 将 intangible concept(IT emissions)转化为 tangible reality(每次搜索的碳排放),让 readers 理解 everyday digital activities 的 cumulative environmental impact。The progression from single search to data centres to cooling systems 展示了 problem's complexity 和 scale。

    揭示隐藏成本
  3. 转向解决:监测改进与行动呼吁

    通过 transitional word 'However' 实现 discourse shift,指出 Google and other tech providers 正在 monitor efficiency 并 make improvements。Text 强调 monitoring 是 reduction 的 first step,但 much more needs to be done,而且 responsibility 不应仅限于 big companies,暗示需要 broader participation 和 collective action。

    说明文的 typical structure 需要在 presenting problem 后提供 response or solution。这个意群 acknowledges existing efforts(tech companies' monitoring),但更重要的是通过 'much more to be done' 和 'not just by big companies' 来 extend the scope of responsibility,呼应 thesis 中的 'broader action beyond large corporations is needed',给 readers 留下 call to action 的 impression。

    提出应对路径
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2011年考研英语二真题 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他考研英语文章。

  1. 开篇惊人事实定主题 P1

    说明文的 first sentence 往往通过 rhetorical question 或 surprising statistic 来 hook readers,同时 reveal 文章要讨论的 central topic。这个 opening 直接指向文章的 subject matter,为后续 main idea 奠定基础

  2. 具体例证揭示问题范围 P2

    说明文的 body paragraph 通过 concrete examples 和 statistical evidence 来 expand 和 support opening 提出的 topic。这些 details 不是随意堆砌,而是按照 logical progression 展开,帮助 readers 理解 problem 的 depth 和 breadth

  3. 转折引出解决方向 P3

    说明文在 presenting problem 后,通常会通过 transition words 引入 solution 或 future direction。这个 shift 标志着文章从 description 转向 prescription,而 main idea 往往在这个 turning point 处 crystallize,因为它既 acknowledge existing efforts 又 point out gaps

  4. 三维整合成主旨 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的 main idea 是 topic, evidence, 和 implication 的三重整合。它不是单一段落的 restatement,而是 threading together 文章各部分的 core message,形成一个 包含问题本质、影响范围、和应对方向的完整陈述

主旨信号词 the same volume as P1 surprising toll P2 however P3 much more to be done P3 not just P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

IT行业产生的二氧化碳排放量与航空业相当,日常数字活动如谷歌搜索通过高能耗数据中心对环境造成影响。虽然大型科技公司正在监测和提高效率,但仍需要大公司之外更广泛的行动来减少该行业的碳足迹。
The IT industry generates significant CO2 emissions comparable to aviation, with everyday digital activities like Google searches contributing to environmental impact through energy-intensive data centers. While major tech companies monitor and improve efficiency, broader action beyond large corporations is needed to reduce the industry's carbon footprint.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进考研英语高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • toll 代价;损害;负面影响

    我们来整合这三条线索。首先,从 论证结构 看,作者提出 take a toll 后立即用 environmental damage 的具体案例来支撑,这是 claim-evidence pattern,说明 toll 本身就指向 negative impact。其次,从 syntactic structure 看,take a toll on 中的 on 建立了一种 impact relationship,environment 是承受者。最后,surprising 这个 modifier 配合具体的 quantitative data,告诉我们这个 toll 是 measurable 且 significant 的。将这三点结合:toll 必然是指某种可以被感知、量化的、对环境造成的 harmful effect 或 cost。

    论证结构+句法框架+评价语言三维推断
  • leak 泄漏;排放

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来。首先,从 object selection 看,leak 后接 CO2 这种 harmful gas,initial semantic orientation 就指向 negative release。然后,从 discourse cohesion 看,leak 和后文的 emit 构成 synonymous pair,都在描述 substances 如何 escape into the environment。最后,从 word formation 角度,虽然我们不能完全依赖 morphology,但 -eak pattern 确实符合 action verbs 的特征。综合这三点:leak 指的是 gas or substance 以某种方式 escape or be released,特别是在 unwanted 的情况下。

    宾语语义+同义场域+构词辅助
  • emit 散发;排放

    我们整合这三个 analytical angles。第一,从 discourse structure 看,emit 和 produce 在 same semantic field 中 parallel 出现,都描述 computers 的 output。第二,从 logical reasoning 看,emit heat 导致需要 air-conditioning 这个 cause-effect chain,倒推出 emit 必定是 release heat into space。第三,从 morphological evidence 看,e- prefix 的 directional semantics 强化了 outward movement 的意思。三条线索交叉验证:emit 就是 give off or release,特别是指 heat, light, gas 等 substances or energy forms 的 outward discharge。

    语篇搭配+因果追踪+前缀分解
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 列数字

    P1 P2

    文章在 opening paragraph 用了 rhetorical question 引出主题后,立刻 present 了两个 precise numbers:IT industry 产生的 greenhouse gases 占全球 CO2 emissions 的 roughly 2 percent。这个 specific percentage 让 abstract concept 变得 concrete and measurable,帮助 readers 建立 quantitative understanding。第二段继续 deploy numerical data:a single Google search 会 leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2。这些 exact figures 不仅 support 文章关于 IT industry's environmental impact 的 central argument,更通过 relatable everyday activity(搜索)让 readers 感受到问题的 proximity 和 severity。

    信号词 roughly approximately about around between...and up to as much as nearly close to percent grams tons million billion

    仿写: 当你想 demonstrate 某个 phenomenon 的 significance 时,问自己:能否找到 specific statistics 来 quantify it?比如写 plastic pollution,与其说 "huge amount",不如说 "every year, 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans"。模版:【Topic】produces/accounts for/reaches approximately 【percentage/amount】of 【larger context】,或者【Action】can generate/consume/emit between 【lower bound】and 【upper bound】【unit】。记住要 choose numbers that readers can relate to—comparing to familiar references 会让 data 更 impactful。

  • 举例子

    P2

    文章在 elaborate IT industry 的 environmental impact 时,strategically 选择了 Google search 作为 典型 example。这个 choice 非常 brilliant,因为 searching online 是 extremely common and relatable activity—几乎 every reader 每天都会 perform multiple searches。通过 break down 一次 seemingly insignificant Google search 背后的 carbon footprint,作者 effectively demonstrates 了 cumulative effect of everyday digital behaviors。Example 进一步 extend 到对 data centers 的 description:vast facilities packed with powerful computers,需要 intensive air-conditioning。这个 concrete instance 让 abstract statement "IT industry produces greenhouse gases" 变得 vivid and comprehensible,帮助 readers visualize 问题的 physical infrastructure 和 operational reality。

    信号词 for example for instance such as take...as an example consider like including particularly notably specifically

    仿写: 选择 examples 时,prioritize familiarity and universality。问自己:这个 example 是否能让 majority of my target audience immediately understand?写作时可以用这个 structure:先 present 一个 general claim,然后用 transitional phrases 引入 example,最后 explain 这个 example 如何 support your point。模版:【General statement】. For instance/Take...as an example, 【specific example with details】. This demonstrates/illustrates 【connection back to main point】。记住 include relevant details that make the example vivid—比如本文提到 "0.2 and 7.0 grams" 而不只是说 "produces CO2"。

  • 作比较

    P1

    文章的 opening sentence 运用了 striking comparison:IT industry 和 world's airlines 产生 about the same volume of greenhouse gases。这个 juxtaposition 极其 effective,因为 aviation industry 的 environmental impact 已经是 widely recognized and frequently discussed topic。通过 establish this equivalence,作者 instantly communicates the magnitude of IT industry's carbon footprint—which is often overlooked or underestimated。这个 comparison leverages readers' existing knowledge about airline emissions to help them grasp an unfamiliar concept。它 creates cognitive dissonance("What? My computer use equals flying?"),从而 capture attention 并 establish the urgency of the issue。

    信号词 about the same as similar to comparable to equivalent to as...as like whereas while in contrast to compared with just as equally

    仿写: 构建 powerful comparison 时,选择一个 widely recognized reference point。问自己:什么是 my audience 已经有 strong intuitive understanding 的?然后 establish clear equivalence or contrast。模版:【Subject A】produces/generates/equals approximately the same 【quantity/attribute】as 【familiar Subject B】。或者:While 【Subject A】is often considered 【attribute】, 【Subject B】actually 【comparable or contrasting statement】。关键是 reference point 要 resonate with your audience—本文选 airlines 是因为大家都知道 flying 对 environment 有 impact。避免 obscure comparisons that require additional explanation,那会 defeat the purpose。

  • 作诠释

    P2

    第二段对 Google's data centers 的 explanation 是 classic 诠释手法。作者不仅 state that Google maintains data centers,而且 elaborate on why they exist("to deliver results to its users quickly")以及 their characteristics("vast", "packed with powerful computers")。更重要的是,作者 further explains the environmental consequences:computers emit heat,necessitating air-conditioning,which consumes even more energy。这层层递进的 clarification 帮助 readers understand the causal chain and systemic nature of the problem。这种 interpretive explanation 不是简单的 definition,而是 contextual elaboration that reveals underlying mechanisms and interconnections。

    信号词 this means in other words that is to say specifically essentially this is because which means as a result consequently so thus therefore

    仿写: 运用作诠释时,think of it as peeling layers—每一层 reveal more about the subject。Start with a basic statement,然后 ask yourself: What do readers need to know to truly understand this? What mechanisms are at play? What are the implications? 模版:【Initial statement】. This is because/This means that 【explanatory detail】, which 【further consequence or implication】。或者:【Subject】【action/characteristic】. Specifically/In other words, 【interpretive elaboration with causal or functional details】。关键是 provide enough detail to illuminate without overwhelming—focus on details that directly contribute to understanding the main point。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

3 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • IT行业碳排放问题被低估

    P1
    Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do – roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?

    反问句 Who would have thought Who could imagine Would you believe Can you imagine Who knew Surprisingly Unexpectedly

    这个 rhetorical question 的 implication 是:IT industry 的 environmental impact 远超 public perception,人们普遍 underestimate 了这个 sector 的 carbon footprint。通过将 IT emissions 与 airlines 进行 comparison,作者 imply 这是个 serious issue 却被 overlooked。对于 article theme 的 value 在于:它 establish 了 urgency 和 unexpectedness,为整篇 text 的 argument foundation 打下基础,motivate readers 重新 evaluate digital activities 的 environmental cost。这个 opening implication 直接 support 主旨中关于 IT industry generates significant emissions 但需要 broader awareness 的 core message。

  • 日常数字行为的环境代价超预期

    P2
    Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.

    情态词 surprising unexpected remarkable notable striking shocking alarming

    这个'surprising toll'的 implication 是:人们日常的 digital behaviors,虽然 seem harmless and routine,实际上 impose considerable environmental burden。这暗示存在 awareness gap between perceived impact 和 actual impact。对 article theme 的 contribution 在于:它 bridge 了 macro-level statistics(第一段的 industry data)和 individual behaviors,让 abstract emissions 变得 concrete and relatable。这个 implication reinforce 主旨中'everyday digital activities contributing to impact'的 point,同时为下文 Google search 的 specific example 做 transition,emphasize 需要 public awareness 和 individual action 的 necessity。

  • 技术公司努力尚不充分

    P3
    However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.

    转折类 However But Yet Nevertheless Nonetheless Still Although

    这个 contrastive structure 的 implication 是:虽然 tech giants 已经 taking action,但这些 efforts 远远 not enough,问题的 scale 需要 systemic change 而非仅靠 individual companies。'first step'这个 expression downplay 了 monitoring 的 achievement,imply 距离 real solution 还很遥远。'not just by big companies'暗示需要 collective responsibility,包括 smaller businesses 和 individuals。对 article theme 的 critical value 在于:它 complete 整个 argumentative arc,从 problem identification(第1段)到 concrete manifestation(第2段)再到 solution inadequacy(第3段)。这个 implication directly support 主旨中'broader action beyond large corporations is needed'的 call to action,emphasize gap between current efforts 和 required scale of change。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( concerned yet cautiously optimistic)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 修辞性问句揭示关切 P1

    这个 step 能帮我们判断作者态度,因为 rhetorical question 本身就暗示了作者想要 highlight 某个被 overlooked 的问题,这种 questioning tone 通常表明作者对 current situation 有 concern,同时希望 raise awareness。

  2. 详实数据强化问题 P2

    这个 step 帮助判断 attitude,因为作者花费大量篇幅用 concrete examples(比如 Google search 的 CO2 emissions)和 detailed explanation 来 illustrate 问题,说明作者不仅 aware of 这个 issue,而且 concerned about 它的 impact,想让 readers 充分 understand 问题的 seriousness。

  3. 转折词引出积极面 P3

    这个 step 是 attitude 判断的 key,因为 'However' 引出了 positive developments 和 potential solutions,这个 turn 表明作者虽然 concerned about 问题,但并非 pessimistic 或 critical。作者 acknowledge 了 'improvements' 并且提出 'much more to be done',这种 balanced view 体现了 cautiously optimistic 的 stance。

  4. 问题到方案的弧线 P1 P2 P3

    这个 综述 step 帮助我们 confirm overall attitude,因为说明文作者的 stance 往往体现在 structural choices 上。从 alarming opening 到 solution-oriented closing 的 progression 表明作者的 purpose 不是 simply criticize 或 merely inform,而是 advocate for change while maintaining hope,这就是 'concerned yet cautiously optimistic' 的 完整体现。

文中的态度信号词

  • Who would have thought P1

    这个 phrase 是 rhetorical question 的 marker,作者用它来 create surprise 和 challenge assumptions,表明作者想 bring attention to 一个被 underestimated 的 issue,这体现了 concern 和想要 raise awareness 的 intention。

    同类词 surprisingly unexpectedly contrary to belief it may come as a surprise few realize that

  • surprising toll P2

    这个 collocation 中的 'surprising' 继续 reinforce awareness gap,而 'toll' 这个 word 带有 negative connotation,表明 environmental cost 是 significant 且 concerning 的,这强化了作者的 worried stance。

    同类词 unexpected impact alarming effect significant burden considerable cost heavy price

  • However P3

    这个 adversative connector 是 attitude shift 的 crucial marker,它从 problem presentation 转向 positive developments,表明作者虽然 concerned,但看到了 hope 和 progress,这是 optimism 的 clear signal。

    同类词 Nevertheless Yet Still Even so That said

  • improvements P3

    这个 word 带有 positive evaluation,表明作者 acknowledge 了 positive changes,这是 optimistic attitude 的 direct evidence,平衡了前面的 concern,形成 'concerned yet hopeful' 的 overall tone。

    同类词 progress advances developments enhancements positive steps

  • the first step P3

    这个 phrase 表明作者 view current actions as part of 一个 ongoing process,暗示 future progress 是 possible 和 expected 的,这强化了 cautiously optimistic stance,因为它 implies a journey with more steps ahead。

    同类词 initial stage starting point beginning of opening move preliminary action

  • much more to be done P3

    这个 phrase 看似 critical,但在 'However' 和 'improvements' 的 context 下,它是 call to action 而非 complaint,表明作者 believe 更多 progress 是 achievable 的,这是 constructive optimism,不是 resignation 或 criticism。

    同类词 further action needed more work required additional efforts necessary continued commitment required ongoing action essential

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他考研英语 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 开篇信息性钩子 P1

    第1段 用了 surprising comparison(IT industry 和 airlines 的 CO2 emissions 相当)来 introduce topic,这是典型的 expository writing 开头。议论文会直接 state a claim 或 position,新闻报道会用 lead paragraph 交代 who/what/when/where。

  2. 过程机制阐释 P2

    第2段 详细 explain 了 Google search 如何 produce CO2(data centres, computers, air-conditioning),这是 process explanation。议论文的 body 会用 evidence 来 support a thesis,新闻的 body 会用 inverted pyramid 提供 details about the event。

  3. 客观总结展望 P3

    第3段 用 however 转折,提到 monitoring 和 future improvements,这是 informative conclusion with forward-looking statement。议论文结尾会 reinforce the thesis 或 call for action based on argument,新闻结尾会补充 less critical details 或 quote。

  4. 全文客观中立性 P1 P2 P3

    整篇文章 maintain neutral tone,用 facts 和 examples 来 explain IT industry's environmental impact,没有 argue 应该怎么做(议论文特征),也没有 report 某个 specific event with dates/sources(新闻特征)。这是 pure exposition。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • produces P1 事物属性功能描述词 emit generate create release yield
  • about the same volume P1 事物属性功能描述词 approximately roughly around nearly close to
  • depending on P2 说明顺序与例证词 based on according to in relation to varies with determined by
  • To deliver results to its users quickly, then P2 说明顺序与例证词 to deliver... then in order to... therefore so as to... thus for the purpose of... consequently with the aim of... hence
  • so the centres need to be P2 说明顺序与例证词 so... need to be therefore... must be thus... require consequently... have to as a result... necessitate
  • However P3 说明顺序与例证词 however nevertheless nonetheless yet still
  • monitor P3 事物属性功能描述词 track measure observe assess evaluate
  • the first step on the road to P3 说明顺序与例证词 the first step the initial stage the starting point the beginning of the foundation for
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

7 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 The Green IT Myth 的常见问题

2011年考研英语二真题 Section III 文章 The Green IT Myth 的原文出自哪里?
New Statesmen(《新政治家》)2010年6月10日一篇题为The Green IT Myth(绿色IT的神话)的文章。
2011年考研英语二真题文章 The Green IT Myth 的主旨是什么?
IT行业产生的二氧化碳排放量与航空业相当,日常数字活动如谷歌搜索通过高能耗数据中心对环境造成影响。虽然大型科技公司正在监测和提高效率,但仍需要大公司之外更广泛的行动来减少该行业的碳足迹。(英文表述:The IT industry generates significant CO2 emissions comparable to aviation, with everyday digital activities like Google searches contributing to environmental impact through energy-intensive data centers. While major tech companies monitor and improve efficiency, broader action beyond large corporations is needed to reduce the industry's carbon footprint.)
The Green IT Myth(2011年考研英语二真题文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是积极支持(concerned yet cautiously optimistic)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 151 词、3 段;在考研英语二全部 94 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 21 篇(占 22%)。
2011年考研英语二真题文章 The Green IT Myth 的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——引出话题:IT行业的碳排放现状;第2段——具体阐释:日常数字活动的环境代价;第3段——转向解决:监测改进与行动呼吁。
The Green IT Myth 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(concerned yet cautiously optimistic)。判断路径:修辞性问句揭示关切 → 详实数据强化问题 → 转折词引出积极面 → 问题到方案的弧线;文中的态度信号词包括 Who would have thought(第1段)、surprising toll(第2段)、However(第3段)、improvements(第3段)、the first step(第3段)、much more to be done(第3段)。
2011年考研英语二真题文章 The Green IT Myth 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:toll(代价;损害;负面影响)、leak(泄漏;排放)、emit(散发;排放),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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