Your Brain on Trust; Why We're Hardwired to Rely On Others
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition for many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.
Then, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. When people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another. Scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting mood: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts who inhaled something else.
Lucky for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may protect us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate between a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each introduced to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, "What's in here?" before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, "Wow!" Each subject was then invited to look inside. Half of them found a toy; the other half discovered the container was empty – and realized the tester had fooled them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. In contrast, only five of the 30 children paired with the "unreliable" tester participated in a follow-up activity.