2015年6月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

The author believes that a single-sex school would 用 believes 一词询问作者的整体判断，并且谓语用 would 虚拟表述结论，需要根据全文倾向推出，而非直接抄原文一句。

The author believes that a single-sex school would_______ 是 "主+谓+宾从" 的补全句，that 引导的宾语从句缺谓语部分，等待四个选项补全。考生只需把每个选项的动词原形接在 would 后即可读通，没有从句嵌套陷阱。

• A)原文反说型干扰

  force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men" 是 hiding their emotions to be a "real man" 的字面挪用，但原文是说男校让男孩 "不必再这样"，A 项却说男校会 "force boys to" 这样，方向完全反了。

• B)旧观点伪装新结论

  help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys 表达的是 "培养阳刚好斗"，正是 Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity 中作者所反对的传统刻板印象，作者立场恰是男校要破除这一形象。

• C)✓ 正确
  • helped develop their emotional expressiveness↔express their emotions more freely
  • rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions↔encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

  预判要找 "让男孩表达情感" 这层意思，C 项 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely 中 encourage(正向动词)、express their emotions(对接原文 emotional expressiveness)、more freely(对接 rather than 藏起来) 三个语义点全对上，毫无勉强。

• D)与原文相反型干扰

  naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 说男校 "强化" 传统男性形象，而原文 made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" 明确说男校让男孩 "更不可能" 落入刻板印象，方向反了。

It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys 询问的是 "普遍/传统看法" 在原文是如何陈述的，并不要求考生推理，只需找到原文对应句作转述。

It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys ______ 是 it 形式主语句 + that 宾语从句的常规结构，in a mixed school 是地点状语；句子并不复杂，关键不在语法而在抓 commonly believed 这层 "传统看法" 的语义信号。

• A)✓ 正确
  • boys do better when taught alongside girls↔perform relatively better
  • when taught alongside girls↔in a mixed school

  预判 "男孩在混合学校表现更好" 与 perform relatively better 字面几乎一一对上 (题干已给出 mixed school 这个状语)，无需做任何额外推理。

• B)无中生有型干扰

  grow up more healthily 涉及健康成长，定位段 P4 只谈学业表现(do better)，全文也无任何关于男孩在混合校 "成长得更健康" 的内容，属凭空臆造。

• C)常识替代型干扰

  behave more responsibly 涉及行为更负责，原文 P4 完全没有谈男孩在混合校的行为/品行评价，是用 "日常常识 (男孩在女生面前更乖)" 替代文本依据。

• D)偷换概念型干扰

  receive a better education 说男孩 "接受更好的教育"，比原文的 do better(表现更好) 拔高、扩大；表现更好≠教育更好(教育质量包含师资、课程、设施等更宽维度)，属偷换概念+以偏概全。

What does Tony Little say about the British education system 直接问指定人物对指定话题的具体说法，是典型 "谁对什么的看法" 的事实转述题。

What does Tony Little say about the British education system? 是 What 引导的特殊疑问句，主语 Tony Little、谓语 say、宾语为 about 引导的介词短语；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)熟词僻义型干扰

  It fails more boys than girls academically 强调 "在学业上让更多男孩不及格"，原文 boys were being failed by the British education system 中 fail 是 "辜负" 不是 "不及格 (考试 fail)"，A 项硬把 fail 当 "不及格" 解、还加上原文没有的 "more boys than girls" 数量比较。

• B)对象偷换型干扰

  It focuses more on mixed school education 说体系 "更关注混合教育"，原文则是 too focused on girls——关注的对象是女孩、不是混合教育形式；选项把女孩偷换成了 "混合学校教育" 这种制度形态。

• C)✓ 正确
  • boys were being failed by the British education system↔It fails to give boys the attention they need
  • because it had become too focused on girls↔the attention they need

  预判 "没给男孩应有关注" 与 It fails to give boys the attention they need 的核心词 fail + attention 完全对应，且主语 it 直指 British education system，零歧义。

• D)过度推断型干扰

  It places more pressure on boys than on girls 把原文 too focused on girls 误读为 "在男孩身上施更大压力"，但原文是 "对女孩投入更多"(关注/资源)，并没有说 "对男孩施压"，是对原文因果关系的过度推断。

According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______ 用 according to 引出指定人物的具体说法，要的是事实层面的转述，不是整段推断。

According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______ 是 "主+系+表" 的补全句，According to Abigail James 是插入语，主语 one of the advantages of single-sex schools 中 of single-sex schools 修饰 advantages；结构清楚，注意 one of+ 复数名词 仍以 one 为单数主语。

• A)✓ 正确
  • teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style↔teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
  • to boys' learning style↔to suit the characteristics of boys

  选项 A 保留了原文最具辨识度的关键动词 tailor，且整句改写都围绕 "按男孩特征定课" 这层意思展开，预判完全落地，毫无勉强。

• B)常识脑补型干扰

  boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted 强调 "不被分心"，但 Abigail James 的论述 teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style 完全没提 "分心/不分心"——这是考生根据 "男女同校会分心" 的生活常识脑补出来的，原文并无依据。

• C)主语偷换型干扰

  boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in 强调 "想学什么就学什么"，原文 teachers can tailor lessons 是老师为男孩量身定课，决策权在老师，不是给学生自由选课的权利。

• D)以偏概全型干扰

  teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit 把 "促进团队精神" 当成教学目的，但原文 getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom 中 compete in teams 只是 "防止无聊" 的一个手段，而非整个教学的目的，更不是男校的总体优点。

Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report 是从四个选项里挑出符合原文描述的一项，本质是 "哪个事实在原文出现过"，属细节题中的事实匹配题。

Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report? 中 characteristic 是形容词作表语，意为 "具有特征的"；according to 引导的介词短语作状语限定出处。考生易把 characteristic 误读成名词 "特征"，要注意此处它是形容词。

• A)张冠李戴型干扰

  They enjoy being in charge 把男孩描述成 "享受掌控"，原文相关句 Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" 表达的是 "刻板印象认为男人该如此"，是被反对的旧观点，不是 Abigail James 报告中的男孩特征。

• B)与原文相反+张冠李戴双错

  They conform to stereotypes 说男孩 "符合刻板印象"，但原文 made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype 是说男校让男孩 "更不必符合" 刻板印象，方向与选项相反，且这不在 Abigail James 报告的特征清单内。

• C)✓ 正确
  • boys generally have more acute vision↔They have sharper vision

  原文清单三项中 "视觉更敏锐" 一项被 C 直接对应， sharper = more acute，vision 原词不动，预判清单直接命中第一项，且其它选项都偏离这三项 (A 关系、B 刻板、D 暴力)。

• D)属性挪用型干扰

  They are violent and sexist 说男孩 "暴力且性别歧视"，原文 Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes 是说男孩偏好以暴力和性别歧视为主题的现代音乐流派(题材描述)，并非把男孩本身刻画成暴力和性别歧视者；选项把音乐题材的属性直接安到男孩身上。