2016年6月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干What is the common view of mental function?为直接问"是什么"的特殊疑问句，没有infer/imply/suggest等推断信号，也没有main idea/title等主旨信号，属典型的细节查证。

结构平铺直叙，主谓宾完整：主语the common view，of短语作后置定语修饰view。无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  选项It varies from person to person意为"因人而异"，全文未给出此论断；首段只谈普遍看法，没说"个体差异"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age↔It weakens in one's later years

  选项B把定位句“often seen as a problem of old age”客观转述为“weakens in one's later years”，正是预判的对应表达。

• C)与原文相反

  选项It gradually expands with age说脑功能随年龄逐渐增强，与Declining mental function中的Declining正相反；这是描述积累型知识那一面（kept improving with age），而非"普遍看法"。

• D)答非所问

  选项It indicates one's health condition谈脑功能"反映健康状况"，与common view无关；首段未将mental function与health condition挂钩。

题干What does the new study find about mental functions?直接问研究发现了什么，是事实定位类问法。

宾语从句结构：主句What does the new study find，about短语限定find的对象。结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  选项Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline提到"疾病必然导致下降"，if there are no diseases虽提及疾病，但只说"无疾病时"知识可一直增长，未说"疾病必然导致下降"，且inevitably程度过强。

• B)偷换概念

  选项They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people说20岁达到高峰，原文给的关键年龄是as early as age 27开始下降，未提20岁达峰，且"达峰"与"开始下降"方向相反。

• C)无中生有

  选项They are closely related to physical and mental exercise说与体育/思维锻炼密切相关，全文从未提exercise这一变量。

• D)✓ 正确
  • certain mental functions…started to dull as early as age 27↔Some of them begin to decline when people are still young

  选项D把定位句中certain mental functions、started to dull、as early as age 27分别替换为Some of them、begin to decline、when people are still young，每一处都能从定位句找到原型。

题干What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases?问研究者说了什么，按say的内容查证原文直接引语或转述，属细节题。

say后接about短语限定话题、in most cases作状语限定范围。结构平铺，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  选项They tend to decline in people's later years说晚年时倾向于下降，与定位句function at a high level even in their later years"晚年仍很好"正相反。

• B)偷换概念

  选项Their flexibility determines one's abilities说"灵活性决定能力"，P6提到flexibility/abilities但只说二者并存、未说前者决定后者。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years↔They function quite well even in old age

  选项C三组核心成分均在定位句逐字可溯，且even连词的语气被保留，最大程度还原原意。

• D)偷换概念

  选项Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved说"功能仍是未解之谜"，原文虽提到puzzle-solving作为测试项（P2），但没说脑功能本身是谜。

题干Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_______.是带让步从句的不完整陈述，要求补出转折后的事实，仍可由原文转折句直接对应，属细节题（非推断）。

Although引导让步从句，主句主语they回指people's minds的主人（=people）；as they age是时间状语从句。结构层数稍多，但逻辑链清晰——让步→主句对照。

• A)与原文相反

  选项may be better at solving puzzles说更擅长解谜，但puzzle-solving恰被列为"27岁起开始变钝"的能力，方向相反。

• B)与原文相反

  选项can memorize things with more ease说更容易记住事物，但Dips in memory…generally became apparent around age 37明确说记忆37岁起出现下滑。

• C)与原文相反

  选项may have greater facility in abstract reasoning说在抽象推理上更得心应手，但abstract reasoning…started to dull as early as age 27明确说抽象推理27岁起就在变钝。

• D)✓ 正确
  • indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge…kept improving with age↔can put what they have learnt into more effective use
  • the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood↔can put what they have learnt into more effective use

  选项D精准对应P4与P6共同传达的语义——随着年龄增长，积累的知识及其整合运用能力会持续提升。

题干According to Salthouse, their study may help us _______.问Salthouse认为研究能帮我们做什么，按his words查证，属细节定位题。

介词短语According to Salthouse作句首状语，主语their study + 情态动词may + help us + 不定式留空。结构平铺。

• A)✓ 正确
  • may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline↔find ways to slow down our mental decline

  情态"may possibly↔may"、动词"discover↔find"、宾语"ways to slow the rate of decline↔ways to slow down our mental decline"三段对齐，正是预判内容。

• B)偷换概念

  选项find ways to boost our memories说提升记忆，P3虽提memory下降，但P11Salthouse谈的是"减缓下降"而非"提升记忆"；且话题被收窄到memory，不覆盖整体认知。

• C)过度推断

  选项understand the complex process of mental functioning说理解脑功能的复杂过程，原文gain insight into cognition changes只是"洞察认知变化"，加了complex process属拔高且偏离Salthouse表述。

• D)无中生有

  选项understand the relation between physical and mental health说理解身心健康的关系，但health and lifestyle中research团队是分析"影响因素"，并非聚焦"physical与mental的关系"，且这不是Salthouse所说的研究意义。