2016年6月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What is the news report mainly about?

新闻首句总述即主题落点。新闻开头第一句 the number of people without jobs is increasing 就抛出核心事实「失业人数在增加」，紧接着全段都在围绕失业数字与影响展开。新闻的主题信号通常落在开头总述句，这里正是如此。

• the number of people without jobs is increasing↔Rising unemployment worldwide同义改写：失业人数增加等于失业上升

• A)原词陷阱The International Labour Organization's key objective. 借用了录音第二段 Its key objective is to place at the center of recovery efforts 的原词 key objective，听到这个词容易心动；但它只是结尾介绍那份就业协议时一笔带过的细节，不是整篇主题，犯了以局部细节冒充主旨的错。

  借用原文：Its key objective is to place at the center of recovery efforts

• B)原词陷阱The basic social protection for the most vulnerable. 几乎照搬录音第二段 provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable 的原词，听到极易选；但它讲的是那份就业协议的具体内容之一，是细节，不是这则新闻整体在讲的「失业上升」。

  借用原文：provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable

• D)原词陷阱Global economic recovery. 借了录音 it takes four to five years after economic recovery 里的 economic recovery 一词；但原文只是顺带提「经济复苏后还要四五年失业才回落」，整篇主题是失业问题，不是复苏本身，方向上反而和主旨错位。

  借用原文：it takes four to five years after economic recovery

What does Juan Somavia, Director-General of the International Labour Organization say?

人名出现加转折 However 后才是落点。答案句由两个信号共同锁定：先听到人名 Juan Somavia，紧跟其观点；再遇转折词 However，转折之后的「许多国家没这么做」才是他真正要强调的重点。前半「some countries 已采取措施」是铺垫，转折后才是落点。

• many countries have not done so↔Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs代词还原：done so 等于 taken measures
• some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis↔create enough jobs上下文补全：所采取的措施即针对就业

• B)偷换概念Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis. 借了录音里的 address 与 crisis 等词，听着耳熟；但原文说的是许多国家「没去做（not done so）」，不是「很少国家不知道怎么做」。它既把 many 偷换成 few，又把「没采取行动」偷换成「不懂方法」，答非所问。

  借用原文：address the effects of the global crisis

• C)未提及Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis. 蹭了 crisis 一词，可原文只谈各国「有没有采取措施」，从没说各国「是否意识到危机的严重性」，realized the seriousness 属于无中生有，且 few 与原文的 many 也不符。

  借用原文：address the effects of the global crisis

• D)原词陷阱Many countries need support to improve their people's livelihood. 保住了 many countries 这个和答案一样的开头，最易混；但 Somavia 说的是许多国家「没采取措施」，不是「需要支持来改善民生」。need support、improve livelihood 都是原文未出现的内容，属偷换。

  借用原文：many countries have not done so

What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule?

requiring 引出要求内容。信号词是 requiring them to（要求它们去……），它后面紧跟的动作 post calorie counts right on the menu 就是"被要求做什么"的答案落点，听到"requiring"就该锁定其后的动词。

• post calorie counts right on the menu↔Put calorie information on the menupost=put、counts=information

• A)原词陷阱选项里的"standardized""nationwide"录音确实念过，但 restaurants that serve standardised portion sizes and have fifteen or more locations nationwide 说的是"哪些餐厅受这条规定约束"的资格条件，不是"规定要求餐厅去做"的事。听到原词就选，正中圈套。

  借用原文：restaurants that serve standardised portion sizes and have fifteen or more locations nationwide

• C)未提及"protein content"（增加蛋白质含量）录音通篇没出现，是凭"健康饮食"的常识硬造的。规定关心的是公示热量信息让人少摄入，而非改配方加蛋白质。
• D)偷换概念"Offer convenient food"（提供便利食品）听着像"快餐"的合理引申，但录音的要求是"公示热量"，从没要求餐厅去"提供便利食物"。这是把话题（快餐）替换成了一个文本里没有的要求。

What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?

face penalties + 金额。信号是 will face penalties of up to 2000 dollars——"face penalties"（面临处罚）加上明确金额"2000 dollars"，正是"违规后果"的落点；听到具体罚款数字就该锁定这是答"会怎样"的句子。

• will face penalties of up to 2000 dollars↔They will be fined.face penalties=be fined

• B)过度推断"They will be closed."（被关停）录音从没说，是把"罚款"这种处罚自行升级成"关店"。新规明确的后果是最高 2000 美元罚款，并未到停业的程度。
• C)未提及"They will get a warning."（被警告）听起来像处罚的一种，但录音说的是"face penalties"（罚款），从未提"warning"。这是用一个文本没有的、更轻的后果来分散对"罚款"的注意。
• D)未提及"They will lose customers."（流失顾客）是从"公示热量可能吓退食客"的常识引申出来的，但录音讲违规后果时只说罚款，并没提顾客流失。

What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?

转折 but 之后才是真意。这句以 but not many are able to integrate innovation into their business 转折，but 前半句"都认识到创新重要"是铺垫，but 之后"能融入业务的不多"才是录音想说的"问题"所在，转折后即答案落点。

• not many are able to integrate innovation into their business↔Failure to integrate innovation into their business.not able to = Failure 否定转名词

• A)未提及选项 Inability to implement their business plans. 里的 business plans（商业计划）录音从未出现，它只是借用 business 一词凑"经营"话题来诱选，属无中生有。
• B)原词陷阱选项 Inability to keep turning out novel products. 用 novel products 呼应录音 creating something new，但那句是讲"人们对创新的误解"（第6题考点），不是"公司的问题"，把别处原词搬到本题，属张冠李戴式原词陷阱。

  借用原文：creating something new

• C)偷换概念选项 Lack of a successful business model of their own. 借用录音末尾 business models 一词，但录音只在列举"创新可发生在产品、职能、商业模式、流程"时一笔带过，从没说公司"缺少自己的成功模式"，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：business models

What do many people tend to think of innovation?

标志句 many people tend to assume。many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new 用 many people tend to assume 这一"人们倾向于认为"的标志，正面回答了题干"很多人怎么想"；其后 but actually it's more than that 是作者纠偏，与本题问的"人们怎么想"无关。

• innovation just means creating something new↔It is the creation of something new.creating → creation 动词转名词

• A)原词陷阱选项 It is the secret to business success. 借了录音里反复出现的 success（a primary tool for success），但那是讲"创新文化是成功工具"，回答的是"创新该是什么"而非"很多人以为创新是什么"，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：a primary tool for success

• C)张冠李戴选项 It is a magic tool to bring big rewards. 里的 big rewards 来自录音讲宝洁的 offers big rewards for high-risk ideas，那是第7题宝洁部分的细节，与"很多人怎么想创新"无关，属张冠李戴式原词陷阱。

  借用原文：offers big rewards for high-risk ideas

• D)偷换概念选项 It is an essential part of business culture. 借录音 develop an innovation culture 里的 culture，但那是文章/作者的主张，不是"很多人 tend to think"的内容；题干限定的是"很多人怎么想"，故偷换了观点归属。

  借用原文：develop an innovation culture

What does the company Procter&Gamble owe its success to?

点名宝洁后紧跟"靠创新文化"。录音一点名 Procter & Gamble 作为例子，紧接着就说 develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success，把"创新文化"和"成功的首要工具"直接挂钩，正是"宝洁靠什么成功"的答案句。

• develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success↔Its innovation culture.原句详述 → 选项概括

• A)原词陷阱选项 Its hardworking employees. 借录音里多次出现的 employees（a special innovation facility for its employees），但录音只说宝洁为员工设了创新设施、让员工去那里互动，从没说成功靠"员工勤奋"，hardworking 是无中生有，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：a special innovation facility for its employees

• B)未提及选项 Its flexible promotion strategy. 说的"灵活的晋升/促销策略"录音里只字未提，promotion 一词录音都没出现，纯属凭空捏造来填一个干扰项，属未提及。
• D)偷换概念选项 Its willingness to make investments. 借录音 Corporate Innovation Fund 与 big rewards 暗示"投钱"，但那只是创新文化的一个具体做法，录音把成功归于"创新文化"这个整体，而非"愿意投资"本身，以偏概全、偷换概念。

  借用原文：Corporate Innovation Fund

What does the man say about himself?

本人对自己的直接定性。这是男生评价自己的直接应答：I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call 加上 I'm not a big talker，是他对『自己是怎样一个人』的当面陈述，正对题干所问，因此是答案句。

• get off the phone pretty quickly↔does not talk long on the phone挂得快=讲不久，肯定句改否定句
• I'm not a big talker↔does not talk long on the phone不是话多的人，补强不讲久

• A)He's got addicted to technology.（沉迷科技）原文从未说过，男生只说自己打电话短、不爱多聊，反而 I prefer to make a call 显示他用手机偏传统，谈不上沉迷，这是凭常识脑补出来的过重表述。
• B)He is not very good at socializing（不擅社交）是对 I'm not a big talker 的过度引申：『不爱多说』不等于『不会社交』，前者是讲话习惯、后者是社交能力，选项偷偷拔高了程度。

  借用原文：I'm not a big talker

• C)He is crazy about text-messaging. 盗用了原文反复出现的 text message 这个原词，但『发短信多』的是女生 I text message a lot，男生明说 I don't do it so much，把女生的特点安到了男生头上。

  借用原文：I text message a lot

What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?

女生本人对打电话后果的自述。女生解释自己为何爱发短信时说 If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation，这是她对『一打电话就会怎样』的直接自述，正对题干所问的打电话时的行为，是答案句。

• have a long conversation↔Talk at length聊很久=说得久，同义改写

• A)Talk big 与正确项 Talk at length 都以 Talk 开头，专骗听到 talk 就选的人。但 Talk big 是『吹牛、说大话』，原文女生说的是聊得久，根本不是吹牛，意思对不上。
• C)Gossip a lot（爱说闲话）和『打电话聊很久』听上去沾边，容易凭感觉选。但原文只说会聊得久 have a long conversation，并没说聊的是闲话八卦，属无中生有。
• D)Forget herself（忘乎所以）原文从头到尾没有任何对应，女生只谈打电话会聊很久，没说会忘乎所以，纯属凭空添加。

Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?

I thought 引出的动机句。男生用 I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends 直接说出当初发短信的想法，I thought 是表态度/原因的标志，正对 Why 所问的动机，是答案句。

• I thought it was so cool↔He thought it was cool几乎原话，只是去掉强调词

• B)He needed the practice. 像是从原文 I was pretty fast with my thumb then（那时打字快）联想出来的，但『当时打字快』是结果，不是『为了练习才发短信』的原因，选项把动机说反、说错了。

  借用原文：I was pretty fast with my thumb then

• C)He wanted to stay connected with them.（想和朋友保持联系）符合常识，最诱人，但男生给的原因是『觉得酷』 I thought it was so cool，并没说为了保持联系，这是用常识替代了原文。
• D)He had an urgent message to send.（有紧急消息要发）原文完全没提，男生只说当初觉得酷、就给所有朋友发，没有任何『紧急』的情节，属凭空添加的极端情境。

What does the woman's father think of text-messaging?

明确的贬义评价词。父亲的态度由女生转述给出：very childish and unprofessional 是两个鲜明的贬义词，加上 he'd never text message 的强烈语气，清楚表明他对短信持否定态度，是答案句。

• very childish and unprofessional↔It is childish and unprofessional.评价词原样照搬

• A)It poses a challenge to seniors.（对老人是种挑战）看似和『父亲』这种长辈话题沾边，但原文父亲谈的是短信幼稚不专业，从没说短信对老年人是挑战，属无中生有。
• B)与原文相反It saves both time and money.（省时省钱）是正面评价，但父亲态度是负面的 childish and unprofessional，极性正好相反，且原文也没提省钱省时这回事。
• D)原词陷阱It is cool and convenient.（又酷又方便）是正面评价，与父亲的负面态度完全相反。注意 cool 这个原词是录音里男生评价时用过的 so cool，被搬来诱你把它当成父亲的看法，实为张冠李戴又反了极性。

  借用原文：I thought it was so cool

What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

来意句＝开门见山。男方一开口的来意句 I’d like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager 直接点出他是为部门经理而来，后文 he’s been making unrealistic demands on you 又印证他对经理不满，两处合起来锁定他『不满主管』。

• talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager↔unhappy with his department manager找上门谈＝不满

• A)原词陷阱他抱怨被派太多活 do all her work as well as mine，A 顺着 work 编出『想换工作内容』，但他全程没说要换岗，只是嫌活多、嫌经理不公，属答非所问。

  借用原文：do all her work as well as mine

• C)原词陷阱录音确实提到加班 I’d done a lot of overtime，但他要的是早走，不是『额外加班费 extra pay』；C 借 overtime 这个真词编出钱的诉求，原文根本没提报酬。

  借用原文：I’d done a lot of overtime during the week

• D)过度推断他说自己像被针对 I’ve been targeted to do all her work，指被指派过多活，D 却把 targeted 偷换成『常因 criticism 挨批』；原文从头到尾没有任何『批评』，是无中生有的夸大。

  借用原文：I feel like I’ve been targeted to do all her work as well as mine

What is the man's chief complaint?

铺陈最细＝主诉。这段一连摆出三层活——do all her work as well as mine、attend too many meetings、doing unnecessary paperwork，是全篇最密集的具体抱怨；后面 I’d done a lot of overtime 又回扣『活多到要加班』，反复落在工作量上，正是 chief complaint 的信号。

• do all her work as well as mine↔workload was much too heavy干两份活＝活太重
• spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paperwork↔workload was much too heavy时间全耗在文书＝量大

• B)与原文相反录音里女方明说经理很信任他 Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you，B 却说『上司不信任他』，正好反了；B 蹭了 trust 这个词却把极性颠倒。

  借用原文：that’s a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you

• C)张冠李戴原文是他被叫去帮同事 help other colleagues finish their work，C 却说成『同事拒绝配合他』，把帮与被帮的方向倒过来；原文没有任何同事不配合的内容。

  借用原文：I was told to help other colleagues finish their work

• D)未提及他抱怨的是活多、加班、不公，从头到尾没说工资 salary，D 的『薪资太低』是凭空添的，属无中生有。

How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?

转折 But＋女方正评。女方用 But surely that’s a positive sign 转折，把男方眼中的委屈反过来评价成好事，紧接 a lot of trust in you——转折后的这句正面评价，就是『女方解读』的答案信号。

• Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you↔His boss has a lot of trust in him.人称转换的近原话

• A)答非所问A『他不会拒绝』和录音里女方对这件事的解读无关，倒像把后文该不该 say no 的话题挪过来；女方此处的判断是信任，不是评价他性格不会拒绝。
• B)答非所问『总是乐于助人』是对男方的夸，可题问的是女方怎么解读这件事，女方给的解读是『受信任』而非夸他热心；B 把评价对象/角度安错了。
• D)与原文相反『上司不公平 no sense of fairness』其实是男方的牢骚口径 other colleagues get to leave early，女方恰恰反着说这是好事；D 把女方的正面解读颠倒成负面。

  借用原文：other colleagues get to leave early, and they don’t have such a lot of work to do

What did the woman advise the man to do?

双建议信号句。女方连用两个建议信号——it would be better if you approached him directly 和 Why don’t you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private，落点都是『直接、当面去找经理谈』，正是 advise 的答案信号。

• it would be better if you approached him directly↔Talk to his boss in person first.directly＝in person

• A)原词陷阱女方确实提到发邮件 send an email requesting a meeting，但邮件是用来『约见面』的，不是 A 说的『把所有抱怨写成书面投诉』；A 借 email 的影子歪曲成 complaints in writing。

  借用原文：send an email requesting a meeting with him in private

• B)张冠李戴『再观望 wait and see』出自男方收尾 I’ll see what happens from there，而题问的是女方的建议；B 把男方的话当成女方的建议，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there

• C)未提及『该拒绝时学会说不』听着对症（他活太多），但女方全程没给这条建议，她只让他当面去谈；C 是看似合理却原文未提的方案。

What is the speaker mainly talking about?

首段收束句总领全篇。millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger 是首段的收束句，把全篇基调定为「睡眠不足危及健康」；再加第二段 New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority 强调睡眠是头等大事——开头立题 + 后文反复证「睡眠对健康多重要」，主旨落在「睡眠对健康生活的重要性」。

• putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger↔The importance of sleep to a healthy life.正话反说同指重要性
• why getting enough sleep is a top priority↔The importance of sleeptop priority 等于 importance

• B)偷换概念首段虽抛出 Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? 问了下减少的原因，但紧接着就用 No matter how it happened（不管怎么发生的）把原因撇开，全文重心根本不在「为什么减少」。盗用了开头那句疑问来骗你，实则以偏概全。

  借用原文：Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels?

• C)未提及选项说「改善睡眠质量的技巧」，但录音通篇在讲缺觉的危害和睡好的益处，唯一沾边的只有结尾 say good night sooner（早点睡）一句劝告，远谈不上一套 tips。属于录音基本没展开的内容，被常识「健康文章总会给点建议」脑补出来了。
• D)原词陷阱录音确实列了 higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain 等缺觉相关疾病，盗用这些扎眼的病名很诱人。但它们是用来论证「睡眠很重要」的证据，是手段不是落脚点；把论据当主旨，范围比真主旨窄。

  借用原文：People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.

What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?

数字与下降趋势词。答案句靠两处信号锁定：一是数字 Some 40% of Americans get less than seven hours，二是趋势动词 sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven——declined、less than 都在说美国人睡得越来越少，这正是题问的「美国人现状」。听力里数字句和「下降/上升」趋势句几乎必是考点，听到就该锁定。

• sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years↔They get less and less sleep.具体降幅概括为越来越少
• Some 40% of Americans get less than seven hours of shut-eye↔get less and less sleepless than 印证睡得少

• A)未提及选项说美国人「更有健康意识」，但录音通篇在说他们睡得少、把健康置于危险，根本没夸他们健康意识强。这是凭「现代人越来越注重健康」的常识脑补出来的，与录音事实正相反。
• B)未提及选项说美国人「正在改变生活习惯」，录音里美国人是被动地睡得越来越少，没有任何「他们在主动改习惯」的表述。属常识脑补，原文无据。
• D)原词陷阱录音确有 putting their health... in danger 和后文大量讲缺觉的危害，danger 这个词反复出现，让 They know the dangers of lack of sleep. 很诱人。但录音说的是「危害存在」，从没说「美国人知道这些危害」——盗用了 danger 原词，却把「危害本身」偷换成了「他们懂得危害」。

  借用原文：millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger

What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?

睡得少的人会怎样的后果句。People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain 以「睡得少的人」开头、tend to have 引出后果清单，主语和题干 people who lack sleep 完全对应，是承载答案的后果句。前文 high blood pressure has become an increasing problem 也单独点了血压，进一步加重「血压升高」这条。

• higher blood pressure↔Their blood pressure will rise.higher 等于 will rise

• A)与原文相反录音明明说缺觉者 weight gain（体重增加），选项却说 Their weight will go down.（体重下降）。盗用了 weight 这个原词，方向却整个反了——听到 weight 就选，正中陷阱。

  借用原文：weight gain

• B)张冠李戴选项说「思维/脑功能会退化」，录音的后果清单是血压、心脏病、糖尿病、体重，并未提脑功能或思维能力。第三段虽说缺觉会 decrease immune function，但那是免疫功能，不是脑功能，别把 function 一词张冠李戴。

  借用原文：there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immune function

• C)未提及选项说「工作效率会下降」，凭常识非常合理，但录音的后果全是生理指标（血压、疾病、体重），从没说工作效率。属于常识脑补、原文无据。

What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at university?

排序词 The first decision 直接点题。答案句靠排序信号锁定：The first decision is your choice of course. 里的 The first decision 与题干 first decision 严丝合缝，是录音直接给出"第一步"的句子，听到 first 就锁定其后接的内容。

• your choice of course↔What course you are going to choose.名词短语改写成从句，词根一致

• A)未提及选项 How much you can afford to pay. 谈"能付多少钱"，录音通篇讲选课程、选学校、写陈述，从未把费用作为申请的某个决定步骤提出，属无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱选项 Which university you are going to apply to. 盗用了录音里 where to apply 这层意思，但原文说它是 The next decision is where to apply.——是"下一步"，被偷换成了"第一步"，答非所问。

  借用原文：The next decision is where to apply.

• D)答非所问选项 When you are going to submit your application. 对应录音 The deadline is January 15th. 谈的"何时提交"，那是流程末端关于截止日期的提醒，不是题目所问的"第一个决定"，属答非所问。

  借用原文：The deadline is January 15th.

What is the most important part of the application?

最高级 The most important part 锁定。答案句靠最高级信号锁定：The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. 与题干 most important part 完全对应，最高级后面接的 personal statement 即答案，无需综合全篇。

• the much feared personal statement↔The personal statement.去掉修饰，核心名词原样保留

• A)原词陷阱选项 The list of courses studied. 借用了首段反复出现的 course 一词制造熟悉感，但录音从未把"学过的课程清单"列为申请材料，更没说它最重要，属未提及。

  借用原文：your choice of course

• B)未提及选项 The full record of scores. 谈成绩单，听起来很合常理，但录音里并无"成绩"是申请材料、更非"最重要"的说法，属未提及。
• C)未提及选项 The references from teachers. 谈教师推荐信，是常见申请材料，但录音通篇未提及"推荐信"，更未称其最重要，属未提及。

What must applicants do in their personal statements?

招生官"寻找"的内容即"必须做到"。答案句靠"要求信号"锁定：They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject. 中 look for evidence 表明这是招生官要找的东西，即申请者必须在陈述里做到的，正面回答了题目。

• you have reflected and thought about the subject↔Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.近乎照搬，仅人称与动词"显示"补足
• They will look for evidence↔Indicate"招生官找证据"="申请者要显示出来"

• A)未提及选项 Specify what they would like to do after graduation. 谈"毕业后想做什么"，录音里关于个人陈述只字未提毕业去向的要求，属未提及。
• B)与原文相反选项 Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying. 盗用了录音里的 enjoy 一词，但原文明说 It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it.——只写"喜欢/享受"恰恰是不行的，选项把录音否定的做法当成了要求，与原文相反。

  借用原文：It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it.

• D)未提及选项 Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. 谈"仰慕教授"，录音通篇未出现 professors，也未要求陈述里写对教授的钦佩，属未提及。

What does the speaker say about the first motor car?

开篇点题句给出年份。篇章第一句就交代了第一辆车的人和时间 built the first motor car in 1885，开头点题句直接给出年份，这是细节题最好抓的定位信号——听到 1885 立刻把它和选项里的年代对上。

• built the first motor car in 1885↔It was built in the late 19th century.1885 = 19 世纪后期

• A)张冠李戴It was equipped with rubber tyres. 盗用了录音 rubber tyres 这个原词，但那是第二段讲 1905 年的车才有的特征，被安到了第一辆车头上，时间和对象都对不上。

  借用原文：rubber tyres

• C)原词陷阱It was purchased by the Royal family. 盗用了 the Royal family 原词，但录音说的是皇室成员把开车当成一种运动 took up motoring as a sport，并没说他们买下了第一辆车，属答非所问。

  借用原文：took up motoring as a sport

• D)与原文相反It was designed by an English engineer. 与录音相反：原文明说造车人是德国人 a German, Carl Benz，选项却换成 English，国籍被偷偷改掉。

  借用原文：a German, Carl Benz

What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?

so 引出后果，落点在 breakdowns。录音用 so 把缺乏配套设施引向后果——司机得自己修"frequent breakdowns"，so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns 中 so 之后才是真正交代"问题"的落点，听到 so + 麻烦后果就锁定。

• the frequent breakdowns↔They often broke down.frequent breakdowns = often broke down

• A)未提及They consumed lots of petrol. 借用了与油相关的话题（录音里有 petrol pumps），但全篇没说早期车"费油"，是无中生有。
• B)答非所问They took two passengers only. 沾了录音 Many of the early cars had two seats 的边，但原文把"两个座"当作客观描述、不是当作"问题"在讲，且题目问的是毛病，座位数不是毛病。

  借用原文：Many of the early cars had two seats

• C)未提及They were difficult to drive. 听上去也像早期车的合理缺点，但录音通篇没提开车难不难，纯属推测，无原文支撑。

Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?

because 直接引出原因。录音 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line 用 because 明摆着交代便宜的原因，因果词 because 之后就是答案句的核心——听到 cheaper…because… 立刻锁定其后内容。

• it was made on the assembly line↔They were produced on the assembly line.made = produced 同义替换

• B)偷换概念They were built with less costly materials. 抓住了"便宜"这个结果，却把原因偷换成"用了更便宜的材料"；录音说的原因是流水线生产，不是材料，归因被换。
• C)未提及They were modeled after British cars. 利用了全篇涉及英国（Britain）的背景气氛，但录音从没说 T 型车是仿英国车造的，纯属虚构。
• D)答非所问They were made for ordinary use. 沾了录音 closer towards the reach of ordinary people 的边，但那是便宜带来的结果（普通人买得起），不是便宜的原因，题目问 Why，答非所问。

  借用原文：closer towards the reach of ordinary people

What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?

hailed 定性句给出拔高评价。录音用带分量的动词 hailed 对它定性 hailed a new era in motor travel，这种拔高式的"开启新时代"评价就是答案信号——听到 hailed / marked + a new era 立刻锁定。

• hailed a new era in motor travel↔It marked a new era in motor travel.hailed = marked 同义替换

• A)过度推断It made news all over the world. 把录音里 was greeted with excitement and optimism（人们兴奋乐观地迎接）夸大成"全世界都成了新闻"，原文只说迎接热烈，没说全球轰动，范围被放大。

  借用原文：was greeted with excitement and optimism

• B)张冠李戴It was built for the Royal family. 盗用了第一段 the Royal family 原词，但那是讲早期开车的人群，和这条 1958 年的绕行公路毫无关系，把别处的词安到本题对象上。

  借用原文：the Royal family

• D)未提及It attracted large numbers of motorists. 听着像高速公路该有的效果，但录音只说它被兴奋乐观地迎接，没说吸引了大批驾车者，属脑补。