EXAM · 来自 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配) · 2016 年 6 月 · 第 1 套 · 第 1 篇(36–45 题)

2016年6月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析

本页是 2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 14 段共 987 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 10 句、弱 0 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。

STATEMENTS & ANALYSIS · 信息匹配题和解析

信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题

本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2016年6月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 14 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。

真题卷第1套(2016-06) • 四级
Part III Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
A)
When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear-what you would like is to have everything made clear.

当你年迈的亲人需要进入某种长期护理机构时——这是一个几乎没有父母或子女能够毫无恐惧地面对的时刻——你希望的是一切都能清楚明了。

B)
Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

辅助生活机构真的比疗养院有很大改进吗,还是这个行业只是雇用了更好的室内设计师?疗养院真的像人们担心的那样糟糕吗,还是那只是一种过时的刻板印象?做好功课真的能引导家庭找到最好的地方吗?这确实很难知道。

C)
I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

我即将通过提出这样的观点来使事情变得更加复杂:老年人生活在什么样的机构中,可能不如我们所假设的那么重要。而且成年子女在开始寻找时所关注的特征,不一定是对将要搬进去的人产生影响的因素。让我赶紧补充一句,我说的不是护理质量。没有人能在一个环境阴暗、员工不负责任、安全记录糟糕的地方茁壮成长。但越来越多的研究表明,一种老年护理与另一种老年护理之间的某些区别,与住院者的状况好坏几乎没有实际关系。

D)
The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

这些研究中最新的一项发表在《应用老年学杂志》上,调查了康涅狄格州150名辅助生活机构、疗养院和小型住宅护理机构(在一些州被称为寄宿护理机构或成人护理机构)的住院者。康涅狄格大学健康中心的研究人员向住院者询问了大量关于他们的生活质量、情感幸福感和社会交往的问题,以及关于机构质量的问题。

E)
"We thought we would see differences based on the housing types," said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?

该研究的主要作者、该大学医学副教授Julie Robison说:"我们以为会看到基于住房类型的差异。"这是一个合理的假设——难道家庭不是努力避免疗养院,如果做不到就会感到真正的内疚吗?

F)
In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

在最初的结果中,辅助生活机构的住院者确实描绘了最积极的画面。例如,与其他机构的住院者相比,他们不太可能报告抑郁症状,也不太可能感到无聊或孤独。他们在社会交往方面得分更高。

G)
But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. "It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status," Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

但是当研究人员加入了许多其他变量后,这些差异就消失了。他们发现,造成住院者反应差异的不是住房类型。Robison博士解释说:"是他们所处的特定环境的特征,结合他们自己的个人特征——他们觉得自己有多健康、他们的年龄和婚姻状况。"住院者是否感到参与了搬迁决定以及他们在那里住了多久,也被证明是重要的。

H)
An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. "You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'" Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, "is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there."

因此,一位自认为健康状况不佳的老年人,在辅助生活机构中可能并不比在疗养院中更少抑郁(即使她的孩子更喜欢辅助生活机构)。一个对自己将要搬到哪里有发言权并有时间适应的人,在其他因素相同的情况下,在疗养院可能和在小型住宅护理机构中做得一样好。是人与地方之间的互动,而不是地方本身的类型,导致了更好或更差的体验。Robison博士说:"你不能只是说,'让我们把这个人安置在住宅护理机构而不是疗养院——她会好得多。'"她补充说,重要的是"人们带来的东西和他们在那里找到的东西的结合"。

I)
Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.

这些与常识相悖的发现以前也曾出现过。例如,在一项关于辅助生活机构的多州研究中,北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员发现,一系列变量——机构的类型、规模或年限;是否由连锁机构拥有;社区有多吸引人——与住院者在疾病、精神衰退、住院或死亡率方面的表现没有显著关系。最重要的是住院者的身体健康和精神状态。人们入住时的状况比入住后发生的事情更有影响。

J)
As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

当我在考虑这一切时,一份来自一家受人尊敬的研究公司的新闻稿传到了我的桌上,宣布Medicare在2008年开发的五星评级系统,旨在帮助家庭比较疗养院的质量,但与其住院者或其家庭成员的满意度几乎没有关系。事实上,消费者对一星级机构(评级最低)表达的满意度高于五星级机构。(关于这项研究和星级评定的更多内容将出现在后续帖子中。)

K)
Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? Here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家) at the University of North Carolina: "In a way, that could be liberating for families."

在我们集体抓狂之前——我们应该如何在这样一个令人困惑的环境中找到方向?北卡罗来纳大学的老年病学专家Philip Sloane博士提出了一个想法:"从某种意义上说,这对家庭来说可能是一种解脱。"

L)
Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. "Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy," Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

当然,儿子和女儿想要参观这些机构,与管理人员、住院者和其他家庭交谈,并尽一切可能履行他们的职责。但也许他们不必把自己变成私家侦探或国会小组委员会。Sloane博士说:"家庭可以更多地关注住院者将在哪里感到快乐。"让未来的住院者参与这个过程可能非常重要。

M)
We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

我们都对什么会给我们的父母带来幸福有自己的想法。他们也有自己的想法。一位朋友最近带她母亲去参观了我所在城镇附近一家昂贵的辅助生活/疗养院。我见过这个地方——它内外都很优雅。但是当她们到达时,尽管这次访问是计划好的,却没有人迎接这对母女;也没有人把她们介绍给其他住院者。当她们在餐厅吃午饭时,她们独自坐在一张桌子旁。

N)
The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

女儿担心她的母亲会在那里被忽视,所以她决定把她搬到一个更热情的机构。根据这些研究中显现出来的内容,这可能是做出决定的一种和其他方式一样理性的方式。

陈述句与逐句解析

36.
Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.

许多人在无法为父母找到养老院以外的地方时会感到内疚。

【答案】
E段(强锚点)
【锚点】

内疚+找不到养老院之外的地方

【定位】
E 段

A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?

这是个合理的假设——家属不正是在拼命避开养老院、一旦避不开就深感内疚吗?

【改写】
  • feel guiltysuffer real guilt

    同根词原样复现

  • cannot find a place other than a nursing homestruggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't

    想躲养老院但躲不开

【辨邻】
  • A

    A 只是开篇定场景,提到家属面对长期护理时“几乎都心怀恐惧”,但只点出 few parents or children approach without fear,没有提到“内疚”这一情绪,与本题关键词不对应。

    few parents or children approach without fear

37.
Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.

尽管子女调查护理机构有所帮助,但让父母参与决策过程可能非常重要。

【答案】
L段(强锚点)
【锚点】

调查机构有用但让父母参与决定更重要

【定位】
L 段

"Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy," Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

Sloane 医生说:“家属可以多看看哪里能让住户开心。”而且让未来的住户参与到这个过程中可能非常重要。

【改写】
  • it helps for children to investigate care facilitiessons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families

    investigate ↔ visit + talk to

  • involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very importantinvolving the future resident in the process can be very important

    原样复现+同义替换

【辨邻】
  • G

    G 把“是否参与决定”列为研究变量之一,Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move 是研究层面的发现,而本题陈述句明确说“这一点对家属决定有指导意义”,落点是建议;建议性表达只在 L 出现。

    Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

38.
It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

很难判断辅助生活是否比养老院更好。

【答案】
B段(强锚点)
【锚点】

辅助生活是否更好难以判断

【定位】
B 段

Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? ... It is genuinely hard to know.

辅助生活真的比养老院好得多吗?还是说这个行业只是请到了更好的室内设计师?……真的很难知道。

【改写】
  • really difficult to tellIt is genuinely hard to know

    副词与动词的整体同义替换

  • if assisted living is better than a nursing homeDoes assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home

    better than ↔ mark a great improvement over

【辨邻】
  • C

    C 段的核心是 what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed,落在“没那么重要”这一论点上,与本题“难判断哪个更好”的元层评价不同。

    what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed

39.
How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

住户的感受取决于他们自身与所居住护理机构之间的互动。

【答案】
H段(强锚点)
【锚点】

居民感受取决于自身与机构的互动

【定位】
H 段

It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences.

决定体验好坏的,是人与场所之间的互动,而不是场所本身的类型。

【改写】
  • an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live inan interaction between the person and the place

    结构保留+上位词同义

  • How a resident feelsleads to better or worse experiences

    feel ↔ experience 等价

【辨邻】
  • G

    G 把决定因素列为环境特征、健康、年龄、婚姻状态等具体变量,落在 characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics,没有用 interaction 这个总结词。

    It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics

  • I

    I 把结论表述为 What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there,强调入院前的身心状态,而不是用“互动”这个术语下定义。

    What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there

40.
The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.

作者认为她的朋友选择一个更热情友好的地方而不是一个看起来优雅的辅助生活机构,这一决定是理性的。

【答案】
N段(强锚点)
【锚点】

作者评价朋友的选择理性

【定位】
N 段

Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

基于这些研究浮现出的结果,这或许也算是一种理性的决定方式。

【改写】
  • her friend made a rational decisionthat might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision

    rational decision 原样保留

  • a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living homemove her into a more welcoming facility

    hospitable ↔ welcoming 同义替换

【辨邻】
  • M

    M 提供具体冷场细节 nobody greeted the daughter and mother,是铺垫;作者的“理性”评价直到 N 才出现。

    nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived

41.
The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

Medicare制定的养老院质量评级系统对寻找令人满意的地方帮助不大。

【答案】
J段(强锚点)
【锚点】

Medicare 评级系统帮不上

【定位】
J 段

the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.

Medicare 在 2008 年推出的五星评级系统,本意是帮助家属比较养老院质量,但和居民及其家属的满意度其实也几乎没什么关系。

【改写】
  • The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home qualitythe five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008

    上位概括+专名复现

  • of little help to finding a satisfactory placehas little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are

    几乎无关=帮不上

42.
At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

最近研究的研究人员起初发现辅助生活机构的住户在社交互动方面给出了更高的分数。

【答案】
F段(强锚点)
【锚点】

最新研究初步发现+社交得分更高

【定位】
F 段

In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

在初步结果中,辅助生活的居民确实呈现出最积极的画面。比如他们汇报抑郁症状的比例低于其他机构的居民,无聊和孤独的比例也更低。他们在社交互动方面得分更高。

【改写】
  • At firstIn the initial results

    时间限定词+具体得分项当指纹

  • residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interactionassisted living residents did paint the most positive picture

    得分更高与画面最积极意思一致

【辨邻】
  • G

    G 的核心是 such differences disappeared,正是 F 的反面发展,不是“初步得分更高”的源头。

    But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.

43.
What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

老年人住在什么样的护理机构可能没有我们想象的那么重要。

【答案】
C段(强锚点)
【锚点】

机构类型可能没那么重要

【定位】
C 段

I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.

我接下来要让事情更复杂——我想说的是,老人住在哪种机构,可能没我们一直以为的那么重要。

【改写】
  • What kind of care facility old people live inwhat kind of facility an older person lives in

    几乎原样保留

  • may be less important than we thinkmay matter less than we have assumed

    matter less ↔ be less important 等价

【辨邻】
  • H

    H 写 not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences,是把 C 的观点重新表述并加上“互动”机制,不是观点首发段。

    not the sort of place in itself

44.
The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

最新研究的发现与早期一项关于辅助生活的多州研究相似。

【答案】
I段(强锚点)
【锚点】

最新研究与多州研究结论相似

【定位】
I 段

Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables ... had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality.

这种与常识相悖的发现,其实之前就已经浮现过。比如,在一项跨多州的辅助生活研究中,北卡罗来纳大学的研究者发现,一系列变量……与居民在疾病、心智衰退、住院、死亡率方面的境况都没有显著关系。

【改写】
  • The findings of the latest researchSuch findings

    Such 指代前文最新研究

  • were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted livinghave surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living

    surfaced before = 更早一项研究

【辨邻】
  • D

    D 写 The most recent of these studies,明确说“最近的研究”,是最新的;陈述句要的是与之相似的“更早的”研究,要选 I。

    The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents

45.
A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.

住户对护理机构的满意度在很大程度上取决于他们是否参与了入住决定以及他们在那里住了多久。

【答案】
G段(强锚点)
【锚点】

满意度=是否参与搬迁决定+入住时长

【定位】
G 段

Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

居民是否觉得自己参与了搬迁决定、以及他们在那儿住了多久,也被证明是显著相关的因素。

【改写】
  • whether they had participated in the decision to moveWhether residents felt involved in the decision to move

    participated in ↔ felt involved in

  • how long they had stayed therehow long they had lived there

    stayed ↔ lived 同义

  • has much to do withalso proved significant

    显著相关=关系很大

【辨邻】
  • H

    H 表述为 a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there,是抽象组合,不是“是否参与决定+住了多久”这种具体变量。

    a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there

PARAGRAPH MAP · 段落主旨图

14 个段落各讲了什么

逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。

  1. A

    开篇定场景:当老人需要进入长期护理机构时,家属希望事情简单明了,但现实并非如此。

    信息指纹 长期护理选择的开篇引入

  2. B

    提出一连串令人困惑的问题:辅助生活是否真比养老院好、养老院是否真像传言那么糟、做功课是否真能帮上忙,结论是真的很难分辨。

    信息指纹 三问并列+真的难判断

  3. C

    作者亮出反直觉的观点:老人住在哪种机构,可能比我们想的更不重要;并强调这与护理质量无关。

    信息指纹 机构类型可能没那么重要

  4. D

    引出最新研究:康涅狄格大学健康中心对 150 名康涅狄格州居民进行调查,覆盖辅助生活、养老院、小型住宅式护理院。

    信息指纹 康涅狄格 150 人研究

  5. E

    引出研究主持人 Julie Robison 的预期:他们本以为不同机构类型会带来差异;并反问家属是否在拼命避开养老院、避不开时会真切自责。

    信息指纹 家属避养老院的内疚

  6. F

    初步结果:辅助生活的居民描绘出最积极的画面,抑郁、孤独、无聊比例更低,社交互动得分更高。

    信息指纹 初步结果辅助生活得分高

  7. G

    进一步分析:把其他变量纳入后,机构类型造成的差异消失;真正起作用的是具体环境特征、个人健康、年龄、婚姻状态、是否参与搬迁决定、入住时长。

    信息指纹 差异消失+个人变量起作用

  8. H

    把研究结论落到具体场景:自评健康差的老人在哪都可能抑郁;参与了决定、有时间适应的人在养老院也能过得不错。结论是人与场所的互动决定体验,而非场所本身。

    信息指纹 人与场所的互动

  9. I

    回顾此前的多州研究:北卡研究者发现机构类型、规模、年龄、是否连锁、街区环境,与居民疾病、衰退、住院、死亡率均无显著关系;真正决定的是居民进入时的身心状况。

    信息指纹 更早的多州研究印证

  10. J

    再补一刀:Medicare 在 2008 年推出的养老院五星评级系统也与居民及家属的满意度关系不大,甚至一星机构的满意度比五星更高。

    信息指纹 Medicare 五星评级帮不上

  11. K

    面对令人崩溃的局面,引用北卡老年病学专家 Philip Sloane 的话:从某种意义上说,这反而能让家属放松下来。

    信息指纹 Sloane 的“反而是种解放”

  12. L

    给家属的可操作建议:当然要去看机构、和管理者居民家属谈,但不必把自己变成私家侦探;更重要的是关注未来住户会不会开心,并让本人参与决定。

    信息指纹 让老人参与决定很重要

  13. M

    用一个朋友的真实经历举例:带母亲去看一家昂贵优雅的辅助生活/养老院,外表精致内里冷淡,没人迎接、没人介绍,午餐时母女独坐一桌。

    信息指纹 朋友看豪华机构遇冷

  14. N

    故事结尾:女儿担心母亲在那家会被冷落,决定换一家更热情的机构;作者认为基于研究,这或许是个理性的决定。

    信息指纹 作者评价朋友的决定理性

SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

13 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

HIGH-FREQUENCY · 真题高频词

本篇出现的 92 个英语四级真题高频词

下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。

  • residentB2n. 居民
    本篇16 次 · 真题 61 句
  • facilityB2n. 设施
    本篇13 次 · 真题 43 句
  • nursingB1n. 护理工作
    本篇12 次 · 真题 27 句
  • assistB1v. 帮助
    本篇8 次 · 真题 11 句
  • wouldA1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会
    本篇5 次 · 真题 466 句
  • lessA1det. 较少的
    本篇5 次 · 真题 224 句
  • qualityA2n. 质量
    本篇5 次 · 真题 100 句
  • interactionB2n. 相互作用
    本篇5 次 · 真题 40 句
  • researcherB2n. 研究人员
    本篇4 次 · 真题 239 句
  • typeA2n. 类型
    本篇4 次 · 真题 97 句
  • betterA1adj. 更好的(good 的比较级)
    本篇3 次 · 真题 139 句
  • authorA2n. 作者
    本篇2 次 · 真题 244 句
  • likelyA2adj. 很可能的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 224 句
  • systemA2n. 系统
    本篇2 次 · 真题 162 句
  • relationshipB1n. 关系
    本篇2 次 · 真题 109 句
  • processB1n. 过程
    本篇2 次 · 真题 108 句
  • findingB2n. 调查结果
    本篇2 次 · 真题 99 句
  • baseA2n. 基础
    本篇2 次 · 真题 95 句
  • mentalB1adj. 精神的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 86 句
  • rateA2n. 速度
    本篇2 次 · 真题 78 句
  • involveB1v. 包含
    本篇2 次 · 真题 65 句
  • statusB2n. 地位
    本篇2 次 · 真题 39 句
  • significantB2adj. 重要的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 36 句
  • instanceB2n. 例子
    本篇2 次 · 真题 33 句
  • characteristicB2n. 特征
    本篇2 次 · 真题 30 句
  • housingB1n. 住房
    本篇2 次 · 真题 30 句
  • satisfactionB2n. 满意
    本篇2 次 · 真题 27 句
  • elderlyB2adj. 年老的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 19 句
  • ratingB1n. 等级;评级
    本篇2 次 · 真题 14 句
  • rationalB2adj. 理性的
    本篇2 次 · 真题 11 句
  • professorB1n. 教授(大学教师的最高职称)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 105 句
  • physicalB1adj. 身体的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 98 句
  • simplyB1adv. 仅仅,只不过
    本篇1 次 · 真题 90 句
  • consumerB1n. 消费者
    本篇1 次 · 真题 84 句
  • factorB1n. 因素
    本篇1 次 · 真题 77 句
  • declineB2v. 下降
    本篇1 次 · 真题 73 句
  • sufferB1v. 遭受(痛苦、疾病、损失等)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 64 句
  • positiveB1adj. 积极的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 62 句
  • struggleB1v. 奋斗
    本篇1 次 · 真题 54 句
  • approachB1v. 靠近,接近(在空间或时间上)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 50 句
  • emotionalB1adj. 情绪的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 50 句
  • publishB1v. 出版,发行(书籍、杂志等)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 50 句
  • recentlyA2adv. 最近
    本篇1 次 · 真题 48 句
  • responseB1n. 回答
    本篇1 次 · 真题 47 句
  • associateB2v. 联系
    本篇1 次 · 真题 45 句
  • firmB1adj. 坚固的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 43 句
  • staffB1n. 全体员工
    本篇1 次 · 真题 43 句
  • adaptB2v. 适应,适合(新环境、新情况)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句
  • specificB2adj. 具体的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 42 句
  • consequenceB2n. 结果
    本篇1 次 · 真题 38 句
  • hireA2v. 雇用
    本篇1 次 · 真题 35 句
  • indicateB2v. 表明
    本篇1 次 · 真题 35 句
  • assumeB2v. 假定
    本篇1 次 · 真题 34 句
  • depressionB2n. 抑郁症
    本篇1 次 · 真题 31 句
  • releaseB1v. 释放
    本篇1 次 · 真题 31 句
  • improvementB1n. 改进
    本篇1 次 · 真题 29 句
  • journalB1n. 杂志
    本篇1 次 · 真题 29 句
  • necessarilyB2adv. 必然地
    本篇1 次 · 真题 27 句
  • ignoreB1v. 忽视;不理睬
    本篇1 次 · 真题 26 句
  • participateB1v. 参加
    本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句
  • symptomB2n. 症状
    本篇1 次 · 真题 25 句
  • announceB1v. 宣布
    本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句
  • designerB1n. 设计师
    本篇1 次 · 真题 24 句
  • chainB1n. 链条
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • combineB1v. (使)结合、组合
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • equalA2adj. 相等的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • happinessA2n. 幸福
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • relativeB1n. 亲戚,亲属
    本篇1 次 · 真题 23 句
  • disappearA2v. 消失;不见
    本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句
  • investigateB2v. 调查
    本篇1 次 · 真题 21 句
  • complicatedB2adj. 复杂的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句
  • emergeB2v. 出现;浮现
    本篇1 次 · 真题 18 句
  • hostB1n. 主人
    本篇1 次 · 真题 17 句
  • involvedB1adj. 参与的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句
  • pressA2v. 按,压
    本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句
  • thereforeB1adv. 因此,所以
    本篇1 次 · 真题 16 句
  • attractiveB1adj. 有吸引力的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句
  • combinationB1n. 结合
    本篇1 次 · 真题 15 句
  • neighborhoodB1n. 街区
    本篇1 次 · 真题 14 句
  • assumptionB2n. 假定;假设(未经证实就认为是真的事)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 13 句
  • accumulateB2v. 积累
    本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句
  • depressedB2adj. 抑郁的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句
  • initialB1adj. 最初的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 12 句
  • interiorB2n. 内部
    本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句
  • reasonableB1adj. 合理的
    本篇1 次 · 真题 11 句
  • fulfillB2v. 履行、执行(承诺、义务、职责等)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 10 句
  • apparentlyB2adv. 显然,看来(根据外表或所见所闻判断)
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • distinctionB2n. 区别
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • fareB1n. 车费
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • tearA2v. 撕裂,撕破
    本篇1 次 · 真题 9 句
  • administratorB2n. 管理者
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
  • landscapeB1n. 风景
    本篇1 次 · 真题 8 句
VOCABULARY · 词汇难度分布

全文 346 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖

全文去重后共 346 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 8 个 · 约 2%。

每柱为「按 CEFR 等级及以下」的累积覆盖率(CDF)· 数据为全文去重词 346 个 · 末柱为 100%
去重总词数
346
B2 以上难词
2%
B1 及以下覆盖
86%
FAQ · 关于本篇的常见问题

常见问题

围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。

2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → E · 37 → L · 38 → B · 39 → H · 40 → N · 41 → J · 42 → F · 43 → C · 44 → I · 45 → G。答案段分布:B 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · F 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · I 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句 · L 段 1 句 · N 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 2010年8月6日刊登在The New York Times(《纽约时报》)上的一篇标题为“Finding Happiness at the New Home”(《在新家发现幸福》)的文章。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
按锚点强弱分诊,2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 10 句 · 弱 0 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 346 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 45%、A2 及以下约 66%、B1 及以下约 86%、B2 及以下约 98%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 8 个、约占 2%。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语四级高频词?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 92 个英语四级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:resident(本篇 16 次,n. 居民; 住院医生 | adj. 居住的;常驻的; 定居的;栖息的(指动物))、facility(本篇 13 次,n. 设施;设备; 天赋;才能; 便利;方便; (委婉)监狱;拘留所;特殊机构)、nursing(本篇 12 次,n. 护理工作;护理职业; 哺乳;喂奶 | adj. 护理的;提供护理的; 哺乳期的;正在喂奶的)、assist(本篇 8 次,v. 帮助;协助 | n. 助攻; 帮助;协助)、would(本篇 5 次,aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会; (表示假设或虚拟)会,将; (表示礼貌的请求或建议)能否,可以; (表示过去的习惯)总是,常常; (表示意愿或偏好)想要,愿意; (表示推测或看法)大概,可能)、less(本篇 5 次,det. 较少的;更少的(修饰不可数名词) | adv. 较少地;更少地;不如 | pron. 较少的量;更少的东西 | prep. 减去;扣除 | n. 较少的事物;次要的东西)、quality(本篇 5 次,n. 质量;品质; 特性;特质;品质; 优质;上乘;高档; 音质;音色 | adj. 优质的;高档的)、interaction(本篇 5 次,n. 相互作用;互动; (物理、化学等的)相互作用)。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 E 段(强锚点句)。E 段定位句为「A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?」(这是个合理的假设——家属不正是在拼命避开养老院、一旦避不开就深感内疚吗?)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(feel guilty ↔ suffer real guilt;cannot find a place other than a nursing home ↔ struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 L 段(强锚点句)。L 段定位句为「"Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy," Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.」(Sloane 医生说:“家属可以多看看哪里能让住户开心。”而且让未来的住户参与到这个过程中可能非常重要。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(it helps for children to investigate care facilities ↔ sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families;involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important ↔ involving the future resident in the process can be very important)。与之话题相邻的 G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 B 段(强锚点句)。B 段定位句为「Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? ... It is genuinely hard to know.」(辅助生活真的比养老院好得多吗?还是说这个行业只是请到了更好的室内设计师?……真的很难知道。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(really difficult to tell ↔ It is genuinely hard to know;if assisted living is better than a nursing home ↔ Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home)。与之话题相邻的 C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences.」(决定体验好坏的,是人与场所之间的互动,而不是场所本身的类型。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in ↔ an interaction between the person and the place;How a resident feels ↔ leads to better or worse experiences)。与之话题相邻的 G 段、I 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 N 段(强锚点句)。N 段定位句为「Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.」(基于这些研究浮现出的结果,这或许也算是一种理性的决定方式。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(her friend made a rational decision ↔ that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision;a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home ↔ move her into a more welcoming facility)。与之话题相邻的 M 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.」(Medicare 在 2008 年推出的五星评级系统,本意是帮助家属比较养老院质量,但和居民及其家属的满意度其实也几乎没什么关系。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality ↔ the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008;of little help to finding a satisfactory place ↔ has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are)。该句锚点唯一、直达对应段,文中无易混的相邻段。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 F 段(强锚点句)。F 段定位句为「In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.」(在初步结果中,辅助生活的居民确实呈现出最积极的画面。比如他们汇报抑郁症状的比例低于其他机构的居民,无聊和孤独的比例也更低。他们在社交互动方面得分更高。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(At first ↔ In the initial results;residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction ↔ assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture)。与之话题相邻的 G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.」(我接下来要让事情更复杂——我想说的是,老人住在哪种机构,可能没我们一直以为的那么重要。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(What kind of care facility old people live in ↔ what kind of facility an older person lives in;may be less important than we think ↔ may matter less than we have assumed)。与之话题相邻的 H 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 I 段(强锚点句)。I 段定位句为「Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables ... had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality.」(这种与常识相悖的发现,其实之前就已经浮现过。比如,在一项跨多州的辅助生活研究中,北卡罗来纳大学的研究者发现,一系列变量……与居民在疾病、心智衰退、住院、死亡率方面的境况都没有显著关系。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(The findings of the latest research ↔ Such findings;were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living ↔ have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living)。与之话题相邻的 D 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
2016年6月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.」(居民是否觉得自己参与了搬迁决定、以及他们在那儿住了多久,也被证明是显著相关的因素。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(whether they had participated in the decision to move ↔ Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move;how long they had stayed there ↔ how long they had lived there;has much to do with ↔ also proved significant)。与之话题相邻的 H 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。

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