2021年6月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干What does the author use the example of his father to illustrate?里use the example...to illustrate是例证目的题的标志句式。

What does the author use the example of his father to illustrate?主干是What does the author use...to illustrate，宾语the example of his father插在use和to illustrate之间，可还原为The author uses the example of his father to illustrate what？句子结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)把例子局部细节当成例证目的=以偏概全

  A项How long people took to reach the top of their career.只截取了例子里"长期任职"这层片面信息，且"花多久到顶"是文中未直接给出的时间细节。

• B)拎走并列项里的一个=以偏概全

  B项How people accumulated wealth in his father's time.把原文里accumulate wealth截出来做主旨，但accumulate wealth只是论点中目标的一个并列项，并非例子要说明的核心。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Success was once defined as being able to stay at a company for a long time and move up the corporate ladder.↔How people viewed success in his father's time.

  C项把"父辈时代人们如何看待成功"完整对应原文论点句的语义，例子（35年三家公司）正是这个看法的证据。

• D)把例子字面=目的，是答非所问

  D项How long people usually stayed in a company.几乎是父亲例子（he worked for only three companies 35年）的复述，问的是"例子表面讲了啥"，而题问的是"例子用来证明啥"。

Why did people often change jobs when the author started his career?问的是当时换工作背后的具体原因，答案能在原文里找到对应表述。

Why did people often change jobs when the author started his career?主干Why did people change jobs，后接when引导的时间状语从句，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  A项It was considered a fashion at that time.里的fashion（流行风尚）在原文中无任何对应表述，作者强调的是"不换就升不上去"的功利动因，而非流行潮流。

• B)✓ 正确
  • If you weren't changing companies every three or four years, you simply weren't getting ahead in your career.↔It was a way to advance in their career.

  从预判"换工作是为了职业前进"出发，B项直接以a way to advance in their career对位，完全覆盖定位句的正面含义。

• C)偷换概念

  C项It was a response to the changing job market.把换工作说成是对"职场变化"的被动响应，原文给出的是主动追求职业前进的内在动因，逻辑方向相反。

• D)与原文相反

  D项It was difficult to keep a job for long.说当时"很难长期保住一份工作"，原文说的是"如果想前进就得自己换"，并非工作保不住；D项把主动换岗读成被动失业。

What does the author say about people now working for several businesses at the same time?问的是作者对该群体的具体评价，原文应有直接陈述。

What does the author say about people now working for several businesses at the same time?主干What does the author say about people，working for several businesses at the same time是people的现在分词后置定语；now是时间副词，把范围限定在当下。

• A)✓ 正确
  • It shows how valuable an individual is.↔They are often regarded as most treasured talents.
  • a badge of honor↔are often regarded as

  从预判出发，A项把badge of honor+how valuable汇总成most treasured talents，最贴合作者对这群人的评价。

• B)张冠李戴（错段拼接）

  B项They are able to bring their potential into fuller play.说他们"能把潜力发挥得更充分"，原文未在53题的定位段说这件事，潜力发挥要到P4再讨论focused and productive。

• C)过度推断

  C项They have control over their life and work schedules.说他们"掌控自己的生活和工作日程"，原文虽提到为多家公司打工，但没说他们对日程有控制权——这层引申是读者的主观联想。

• D)偷换概念（叙述视角+部分原因）

  D项They feel proud of being outstanding problem solvers.说他们"为自己作为解决问题者而自豪"，原文里badge of honor是社会对他们的视角，不是他们自己feel proud；problem solvers也只是企业聘他们的部分原因。

What have businesses come to recognize now?问当下企业认识到了什么，是问事实细节，不是推断。

What have businesses come to recognize now?现在完成时have come to recognize表示从过去到现在累积形成的认识，now强调当下状态，结构无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴+偷换程度

  A项Who is capable of solving problems with ease.里solving problems with ease（轻松解决问题）来自solve problems their full-time teams can't，但P3说的是"解决全职团队搞不定的问题"，并非"轻松"，且和"现在认识到的"语境不符。

• B)答非所问（偷换疑问词）

  B项How people can be more focused and productive.问的是"如何变得更专注高产"，而原文给的是"哪类人更专注高产"，疑问词错位，且companies的认知对象是人，不是方法。

• C)✓ 正确
  • people who balance work and play, and who work at what they are passionate about, are more focused and productive, delivering greater value to their clients↔What kind of people can contribute more to them.

  原文that从句的真正主语是people who...，整句重心是这类人能为客户贡献更多价值；C项的"What kind of people can contribute more to them"精准对位该重心。

• D)答非所问+偷换重心

  D项Why some people are more passionate about work.问"为什么有些人对工作更热情"，但原文里passionate只是描述这类人的特征之一，并未解释"原因"，且重心是其价值，不是热情的成因。

What does the author say about the gig economy?问的是作者对零工经济的具体陈述；答案直接在原文有对应句而非需要推断。

What does the author say about the gig economy?结构简单：主干What does the author say，about the gig economy是介词短语修饰say，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  A项It may force companies to reform their business practice.说零工经济会"迫使企业改革其业务实践"，原文并未提到"迫使企业改革"这一动作，create a bridge between traditional enterprises and this emerging economy说的是搭桥而非迫使改革。

• B)与原文相反

  B项It may soon replace the traditional economic model.说零工经济会"很快取代传统经济模式"，原文里始终是"搭桥""成为引擎"，从未表达替代关系。

• C)与原文相反（因果颠倒）

  C项It will drive technological progress on a global scale.说零工经济"将驱动全球技术进步"，但原文里是"global economy被technology颠覆"，技术是动因、零工经济是结果之一，方向被反过来。

• D)✓ 正确
  • the gig economy will itself become an engine of economic and social transformation↔It will bring about radical economic and social changes.

  从预判"将带来经济与社会变革"出发，D项把engine of transformation改写成bring about radical changes，逐字段语义匹配，是定位句的直接同义替换。