懒笔记
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2)
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2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 246 词、4 段，CEFR 难度 C1（C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%），作者立场为「消极批判」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

4 段英文原文

以下为2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 的听力原文，共 4 段。左侧 P1–P4 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

For years, many of us have relied on antibiotic use to treat various infections. And the reality is that antibiotics have been responsible for saving millions of lives since penicillin, one of the earliest antibiotics, was first used on a clinical basis 70 years ago.

However, today is a new era in which taking antibiotics can cause some very dangerous and potentially life-threatening situations. In fact, you may have heard about the new "superbugs", which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics. In the past, health experts warned us that the day would come in which it would become very difficult to provide medical care for even common problems, such as lung infection or severe sore throat. And, apparently, that day has come because seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous due to the looming threat of these infections.

The problem has grown into such epidemic proportions that this severe strain of resistant bacteria is being blamed for nearly 700,000 deaths each year throughout the world, and, unfortunately, health experts worry that the number will rise to 10 million or more on a yearly basis by 2050.

With such a large life-threatening epidemic, it is sad to say that only 1.2 percent of budgetary money for the National Institutes of Health is currently being spent on research to tackle this problem. This is a far cry from the funds necessary for a problem of such magnitude.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

4 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Life-Saving Role of Antibiotics

    Antibiotics have long played a vital role in saving lives and treating infections.

    本段在全文中承担 opening background 的作用，先说明 antibiotics 为什么值得被重视。只有理解其曾经的巨大 benefit，读者才能更准确衡量后文 superbugs、死亡人数和资金不足所代表的危机程度。

    先立功，再转危
  2. P2

    Superbugs Threaten Routine Medical Care

    Antibiotic overuse has produced superbugs that now make common medical care increasingly dangerous.

    本段是全文的 problem explanation，承接首段对 antibiotics 的肯定，转而揭示其过度使用造成的反噬。它具体说明 superbugs 如何使日常治疗和常规手术失去安全保障，从而构成全文危机论述的主体。

    滥用催生耐药危机
  3. P3

    The Escalating Global Death Toll

    Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a global epidemic with a rapidly rising death toll.

    本段通过 current figure 和 future forecast 放大前段所述医疗风险，证明 superbugs 的危害已经达到全球流行病级别。它为末段批评 research funding 不足提供了最直接的严重性依据：面对如此高且可能暴增的死亡代价，投入理应相应增加。

    数据揭示死亡激增
  4. P4

    Inadequate Funding for a Growing Crisis

    Research funding for antibiotic resistance is critically insufficient despite the scale of the epidemic.

    本段构成全文的 concluding critique，它没有再重复 superbugs 的成因或死亡数据，而是指出应对机制中的核心缺口：research funding 不足。这样，文章主旨从“耐药菌危害严重”进一步发展为“面对严重危害，社会投入仍远未达标”的完整论证。

    危机巨大而投入过少
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

4 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年6月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 contribution antibiotics

    What does the passage say about the contribution of antibiotics?

    • A They eliminated most infections shortly after penicillin was discovered.
    • B They were first developed to treat life-threatening infections.
    • C They have saved millions of lives since penicillin entered clinical use.
    • D They became widely available only seventy years after penicillin was used clinically.
    • E They have replaced clinical treatment for a variety of infections.
    • F They have become less effective than penicillin in saving lives.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项完整复现了段落的事实链：antibiotics 的积极贡献是 saving millions of lives，时间锚点是 penicillin first used on a clinical basis 70 years ago。选项把较长的原文结构压缩为 They have saved...since...，属于六级高频的同义改写，而没有改变数量、结果和时间关系。其设置障碍在于考生可能把 since 误读为“仅在70年前发生一次”，但 present perfect 的 have saved 表示从过去延续至今的累计结果。

    三要素事实胶囊 时间极紧时，直接在题干中圈出 contribution，并在 第1段 寻找带有结果动词和数量词的“事实胶囊句”。不要先逐项翻译全部选项；先把正确项视为唯一需要同时满足“积极结果+累计数量+起始时间”的选项，再用三要素快速淘汰其余选项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 knee replacements more hazardous

    Why have routine operations such as knee replacements become more hazardous?

    • A Doctors have stopped using antibiotics during surgical procedures.
    • B Knee replacements are now performed more frequently than before.
    • C Common lung infections have become impossible to treat.
    • D They face the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant infections.
    • E Penicillin is no longer used on a clinical basis.
    • F Health experts have identified safer alternatives to surgery.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项准确概括了原文的直接因果：routine operations 更危险，是 due to the looming threat of these infections；而 these infections 的指代对象正是前文的 antibiotic-resistant bacteria 造成的感染。选项以 growing threat 对应 looming threat，以 antibiotic-resistant infections 概括前文信息，属于同义替换和指代还原。障碍在于答案没有机械重复 superbugs，考生需要完成 these infections 的回指。

    例子反推病因 考场上可用例子反推法：先用 knee replacements 在 第2段 一眼钉住句子，再只读其后的 due to 短语，并把 these infections 向前回指一次。随后选择正确项，即唯一能把“手术风险”与“耐药感染威胁”压缩成完整因果链的选项；无需逐句精读整段。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 by 2050 deaths

    What do health experts predict about deaths caused by resistant bacteria by 2050?

    • A The annual death toll will remain at nearly 700,000.
    • B More than 10 million people will die from all infections each year.
    • C Ten million deaths have already occurred as a result of resistant bacteria.
    • D Deaths from resistant bacteria will disappear before 2050.
    • E The annual death toll may rise to 10 million or more.
    • F The number of severe infections will reach 10 million by 2050.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    该项保留了预测关系 may rise、数量下限 10 million or more，以及 yearly basis 所代表的年度频率。它将 health experts worry that 的谨慎预测压缩为 may，语气没有被强化为必然事实。障碍在于同一段同时出现 nearly 700,000，考生若忽略 by 2050，容易误把当前死亡数据当作预测结果。

    双数字时间轴 最有效的做法是先画微型时间轴：把 第3段 中的当前年度数字标在“现在”，把带 by 2050 的预测数字标在“未来”。然后仅选择正确项，即同时位于未来端、以 deaths 为对象且保留 annual 含义的选项。这个方法绕开了逐个选项逐词翻译的低效路径。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 1.2 percent NIH funding

    What does the 1.2 percent figure indicate about NIH funding for this problem?

    • A It is sufficient to prevent the epidemic from expanding.
    • B It represents 1.2 percent of the funds required for all medical research.
    • C It is mainly allocated to routine knee replacement operations.
    • D It has increased to 1.2 percent since the epidemic began.
    • E It is intended to compensate families affected by resistant bacteria.
    • F It is far below the level needed to address an epidemic of this scale.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：F

    该项准确传达 only 1.2 percent 与 far cry from the funds necessary 的评价关系，并保留 problem of such magnitude 所强调的规模对照。far below 对应 far cry from，needed to address 对应 necessary for tackling，属于典型的六级评价性同义改写。障碍在于 1.2 percent 本身只是客观数值，真正的答案必须读出作者借 only 和 far cry from 表达的资源不足判断。

    数字两侧看态度 在时间紧张时，不必计算 1.2 percent 的实际金额。直接在 第4段 将数字与其前的 only、其后的 far cry from 画成一个“评价夹层”，然后选择正确项，即唯一把“低比例”译为“远不足以应对大规模问题”的选项。这个语气词夹击法比逐项处理数字更快。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    抗生素的历史贡献与传统价值

    这个 opening paragraph 先肯定了 antibiotics 在过去的 positive role，提到 penicillin 等 early antibiotics 在 clinical use 中 saved millions of lives over 70 years，为后文的 contrast 做铺垫。

    通过展现 antibiotics 的 historical success 和 positive impact，这个 introductory section 为后续揭示 current crisis 制造了 dramatic contrast，让读者更能感受到 the severity of the problem today。

    形成对比反差
  2. P2

    当前危机：超级细菌的出现与威胁

    这个 section 通过 'However' 引出 the new era 的 dangerous reality，重点介绍 antibiotic-resistant superbugs 的 emergence，说明 overprescription 导致了 these bacteria，并具体描述 routine medical procedures 现在变得 hazardous due to infection threats。

    这个 sense group 是 the core problem statement，它不仅 identifies the superbugs 作为 main threat，还解释了 causation relationship between overprescription and resistance，同时用 concrete examples like knee replacements 让 abstract danger 变得 tangible and relatable。

    问题成因阐述
  3. P3

    问题规模：死亡数据与未来预测

    这个 paragraph 用 quantitative data 来 demonstrate the scale of the epidemic，提供 current death toll of 700,000 annually，然后给出 alarming projection 到 2050 年可能达到 10 million deaths per year，让 the threat 从 qualitative description 转向 statistical evidence。

    通过提供 concrete numbers and future projections，这个 sense group 把前面提到的 danger 变得 measurable and undeniable，它用 epidemic proportions 这样的 descriptive phrase 配合 hard data，让 readers grasp the magnitude of the crisis beyond anecdotal evidence。

    严重程度量化
  4. P4

    应对不足：研究经费严重短缺

    这个 concluding paragraph 指出 only 1.2 percent of NIH budget 用于 tackling this problem，用 'a far cry from' 来强调 the gap between needed resources and actual funding，揭示了 insufficient response 与 the magnitude of the threat 之间的 stark mismatch。

    这个 final sense group 不仅 highlights the crisis 本身，还指出 societal response 的 inadequacy，通过 juxtaposing the massive threat with minimal funding，它 deepens the sense of urgency 并 implies 需要 greater action，为整个 exposition 提供 a sobering conclusion。

    解决方案缺失
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段正负转折定调 P1 P2

    说明文的 first paragraph 通常会 establish 整篇文章的 direction，如果开篇就用 relied on、saving millions of lives 这类 positive language 接着转折，说明作者在 set up a contrast，暗示后面会讲 problem 或 crisis

  2. 危机词汇密集区 P2

    第二段开头的 however 是 major turning point，接着出现 dangerous、potentially life-threatening、superbugs、antibiotic-resistant 等 crisis vocabulary，这些 escalating terms 直接 reveal 文章的 central concern 是一个 growing threat

  3. 递增数据定严重性 P3

    第三段提供具体 numbers：700,000 deaths、10 million by 2050，这些 escalating statistics 不仅 confirm problem existence 还 emphasize its severity 和 worsening trend，直接 support 主旨中的 'growing crisis' 和 'threaten millions of lives' 部分

  4. 问题与应对落差 P4

    末段用 sad to say 和 only 1.2 percent 以及 far cry 来 highlight response inadequacy，这个 gap 是 complete the picture：不仅有 crisis 还有 insufficient funding，对应主旨中的 'research funding remains critically insufficient' 部分

  5. 问题说明文结构链 P1 P2 P3 P4

    本文正是按照 classic problem-focused expository structure 展开：背景铺垫→问题严重性→数据支撑→应对缺陷。识别这个 arc 就能快速 capture 主旨的 three components：what the crisis is、how severe it is、why current response is inadequate

主旨信号词 superbugs P2 epidemic proportions P3 looming threat P2 life-threatening P2 far cry P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

这篇说明文阐释了由抗生素过度使用导致的抗生素耐药超级细菌日益严重的危机。文章说明了这些耐药菌每年威胁数百万人的生命,使常规医疗程序变得危险,而研究资金却严重不足以应对这一流行病。
This expository article explains the growing crisis of antibiotic-resistant superbugs caused by overprescribed antibiotics. It describes how these resistant bacteria threaten millions of lives annually, making routine medical procedures dangerous, while research funding remains critically insufficient to address this epidemic.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • penicillin 青霉素(一种早期的重要抗生素药物)

    我们先通过同位语结构确认了 penicillin 是 antibiotic 的一种,然后从 earliest 这个修饰词知道它是最早的抗生素之一。接着,surrounding context 告诉我们它 70 years ago 就开始 clinical use,并且 saved millions of lives。将这些 clues 串联起来:这是一种历史悠久的、救命效果显著的、具体的抗生素药物。

    先类别后特征的术语推断法
  • superbug 超级细菌(对抗生素有抗药性的危险细菌)

    首先从 morphology 角度,super- 加 bug 暗示某种"超级病菌"。然后 appositive clause 明确告诉我们它是 antibiotic-resistant bacteria。最后从 causal relationship 看,它因 overprescribed antibiotics 而产生,造成 life-threatening situations。三条线索共同指向:这是一种因抗生素滥用而产生的、对抗生素有抗药性的、极其危险的细菌。

    构词-句法-语境三层推断法
  • loom 逼近的、隐现的(形容威胁正在迫近或显现)

    从 collocation pattern 看,looming 修饰 threat,应该表示威胁的某种紧迫特征。从 causal logic 看,正是因为这种 looming threat,routine operations 才变得 hazardous,说明这个威胁不是遥远的,而是迫在眉睫的、正在显现的。结合文章整体讨论的是 superbugs 问题日益严重的 current situation,looming 应该表示"逼近的、隐现的、即将到来的"这样一种时间和空间上的接近感。

    搭配-逻辑-语篇的修饰词推断法
  • epidemic 流行病、大规模传播(形容疾病或问题在广泛人群中快速蔓延)

    从 morphological analysis 看,epi- 加 -demic 暗示"在人群中传播"的意思。从 contextual evidence 看,文章提供了 worldwide 的 scope 和巨大的 death toll,证明问题规模庞大且持续扩散。从 discourse pattern 看,作者反复使用这个词来强调问题的严重程度。三条线索收敛到一个结论:epidemic 表示某种在大范围人群中传播的、规模巨大的疾病或问题现象。

    词源与数据的双向验证法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 举例子

    P1 P2

    文章通过 penicillin 这个 earliest antibiotics 的 concrete example 来说明 antibiotics 的 historical significance。这个 specific case 让读者能够 visualize 抗生素是如何 save millions of lives 的,为后文讨论 antibiotic resistance 的 severity 建立了 baseline 和 contrast。通过这个 well-known example,作者 establish 了 antibiotics 曾经的 life-saving role,使得后续关于 superbugs 的 threat 更加 compelling。

    信号词 such as for example for instance like including namely specifically in particular take... as an example to illustrate

    仿写： 当你需要 explain 一个 abstract concept 时,问自己:有没有一个 well-known case 能够 represent 这个 idea?选择 recognizable examples 能让 readers immediately connect。仿写模版:'... has been responsible for [结果], since [具体例子], one of the [类别], was first [动作] [时间] ago.'比如:'Vaccination has been responsible for eradicating deadly diseases, since smallpox vaccine, one of the earliest immunizations, was first administered 200 years ago.'

  • 列数字

    P1 P3 P4

    文章 strategically 使用了多个 numerical data:70 years(penicillin 使用时间)、700,000 deaths each year、10 million deaths by 2050、以及 1.2 percent of budgetary money。这些 precise figures 将 abstract threat 转化为 quantifiable reality,especially 是那个 dramatic increase from 700,000 to 10 million,这个 statistical projection 强烈 convey 了 crisis 的 exponential growth。The contrast between massive death toll 和 minimal funding percentage(1.2%)通过 numbers 形成 striking disparity,directly support 文章关于 insufficient response 的 thesis。

    信号词 percent million years nearly approximately over more than less than up to as many as by [year]

    仿写： 在 present 一个 serious issue 时,思考:哪些 dimensions 可以被 quantified?选择能 create impact 的 statistics,especially those showing trends 或 comparisons。注意 combine different types of numbers(time spans、quantities、percentages)来 build a comprehensive picture。仿写模版:'[主体] is being blamed for nearly [具体数字] [单位] each year throughout [范围], and health experts worry that the number will rise to [更大数字] by [未来时间].'

  • 下定义

    P2

    文章在 第2段 中对'superbugs'进行了 precise definition:'antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics'。这个 technical term 的 clear explanation 对于 general readers 至关重要,因为它 introduce 了文章的 central threat。通过这个 definition,作者 establish 了 cause-and-effect relationship(overprescription leads to resistance),这个 causal link 是整篇文章 argument 的 foundation。Definition 不仅 clarify terminology,还 embed 了 problem 的 root cause。

    信号词 which are which is that is refers to means defined as known as called termed is a type of consists of

    仿写： 当 introduce 一个 potentially unfamiliar term 时,立即 provide definition。使用 appositive structure 或 relative clauses 来 seamlessly integrate explanation。确保 definition 不仅 describe what it is,还 explain why it matters 或 how it developed。仿写模版:'[新术语], which are [类别] that [核心特征/形成原因], [进一步说明].'比如:'Digital natives, who are individuals that have grown up with technology from birth, often process information differently than previous generations.'

  • 作比较

    P1 P2 P4

    文章通过 temporal contrast 将 past 和 present 进行 juxtaposition:'In the past... that day would come'与'And, apparently, that day has come'。这个 stark comparison 从 hypothetical warning 到 current reality 的 shift dramatically emphasize 问题的 urgency。另一个 implicit comparison 是 routine operations(knee replacements)在 past 的 safety 与 now 的 hazardous nature 之间的 contrast。还有 funding 的 comparison:1.2 percent versus what's necessary,通过'a far cry from'这个 expression 强调 huge gap。这些 comparisons collectively highlight the deteriorating situation。

    信号词 however in contrast whereas while on the other hand compared to unlike more... than less... than rather than a far cry from in the past... now

    仿写： 选择有 meaningful contrast 的 elements 来 compare。可以是 temporal(past vs. present)、quantitative(small vs. large)、或 qualitative(safe vs. dangerous)。使用 transitional phrases 来 signal comparison。注意 implicit comparisons 也很 powerful,不一定需要 explicit markers。仿写模版:'In the past, [过去状态]. However, today/now [当前对比状态], which [说明变化的意义].'或者'[A] is a far cry from [B needed/expected].'

  • 引资料

    P2 P3

    虽然文章没有 direct quotations,但它 reference 了 health experts 的 warnings 和 worries:'health experts warned us'(第2段)和'health experts worry'(第3段)。这些 citations of expert opinion 为文章的 claims 提供 authoritative support,增强 credibility。通过 invoking experts,作者将个人 assertion 转化为 professionally backed statement。这种 indirect citation 在 expository writing 中常见,especially when discussing scientific 或 medical topics where expert consensus matters。

    信号词 experts warn experts worry health experts warned health experts worry according to studies show research indicates scientists say data suggests evidence shows reports indicate [expert] states findings reveal

    仿写： 当 make claims about scientific 或 technical topics,invoke relevant authorities。可以用 direct attribution('experts say/warn/worry')或 indirect reference。确保 cited information enhances your point rather than just adding filler。仿写模版:'[领域] experts warn/predict/worry that [expert观点/预测], and [具体细节或影响].'比如:'Climate scientists predict that global temperatures will rise by 2 degrees, and coastal cities will face severe flooding.'

  • 作诠释

    P2 P3 P4

    文章对'epidemic proportions'进行了 elaborate explanation:不仅 state 了 term,还 clarify 其 meaning through具体的 death toll statistics。第4段 中'This is a far cry from the funds necessary'是对 1.2 percent 这个 figure 的 interpretive statement,explaining its inadequacy。另外,'seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous'是对 superbugs impact 的 detailed interpretation。这些 elaborations help readers fully comprehend 问题的 severity 和 implications,将 technical terms 或 abstract concepts 转化为 understandable meanings。

    信号词 this means this is this is a far cry from in other words that is to say to put it another way which suggests implying that indicating that what this means is the significance of this is

    仿写： 在 present data 或 statements 后,ask yourself:读者可能需要什么 additional context 来 fully understand?添加 interpretive sentences 来 bridge gap between fact 和 significance。可以 explain implications、provide context、或 clarify ambiguous terms。仿写模版:'[陈述事实]. This is [解释性评价], [进一步说明含义或影响].'或者'[现象], which means/suggests that [诠释性说明].'

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 抗生素曾经的贡献与当前危机的对比

    P2
    For years, many of us have relied on antibiotic use to treat various infections. And the reality is that antibiotics have been responsible for saving millions of lives since penicillin... However, today is a new era in which taking antibiotics can cause some very dangerous and potentially life-threatening situations.

    转折类 However however but yet nevertheless nonetheless on the contrary

    这个 implication 通过 however 这个 adversative marker 构建了一个 stark contrast:过去 antibiotics 是 life-saving miracle,而 today 却变成了 dangerous threat。言外之意是:我们正面临一个 fundamental shift in medical reality,过去的 solution 已经变成了 current problem。这个 implicit message 对于 main thesis 的 role 非常 crucial,因为它 establishes 整篇文章的 central tension - antibiotic resistance crisis。这种 dramatic reversal 不仅 catches readers' attention,更 frames 了后续所有 discussion 的 context,让 readers 理解为什么这个 issue 如此 urgent and alarming。这个 implied contrast 实际上在说:医学进步 paradoxically 带来了新的 existential threat,这就是文章想要 address 的 core crisis。

  • 超级细菌已从预警变为现实

    P2
    In the past, health experts warned us that the day would come in which it would become very difficult to provide medical care for even common problems... And, apparently, that day has come because seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous due to the looming threat of these infections.

    情态词 apparently seemingly evidently clearly obviously unfortunately sadly

    Apparently 这个词的 implication 非常 profound:它表明之前 health experts 的 warnings 不再是 hypothetical future,而是 current reality。言外之意是:我们忽视了 early warnings,现在正在 pay the price。这个 implied message 传递了一种 sense of regret 和 urgency - 预防的 window 已经 closed,crisis 已经 arrived。对 main thesis 的 contribution 在于它 validates 问题的 severity 和 immediacy:这不是 potential threat,而是 present danger。Apparently 这个词还 carries 一个 subtle blame - 暗示这个 outcome 本来 could have been avoided 如果我们 earlier 采取 action。这种 implicit criticism 强化了文章后面关于 insufficient funding 的 argument,因为它 suggests 我们的 delayed response 已经让 situation 变得 much worse。

  • 死亡人数的急剧增长趋势

    P3
    The problem has grown into such epidemic proportions that this severe strain of resistant bacteria is being blamed for nearly 700,000 deaths each year throughout the world, and, unfortunately, health experts worry that the number will rise to 10 million or more on a yearly basis by 2050.

    情态词 unfortunately sadly regrettably tragically alarmingly disturbingly shockingly

    Unfortunately 搭配这个 dramatic projection (从 70万到 1000万) 的 implication 是:situation 正在 spiral out of control,如果不 intervene,future 将 catastrophically worse。言外之意不只是数字会 increase,而是在暗示:我们正 heading towards 一个 preventable humanitarian disaster,时间 window for action 正在 rapidly closing。对 main thesis 的 value 在于它 builds urgency 和 justifies 后续段落关于 funding inadequacy 的 critique。这个 future projection 配合 unfortunately 传递了一个 powerful implicit message:当前的 inaction 或 insufficient response 将导致 exponentially worse outcomes。这种 escalating threat 的 portrayal 为文章的 call to action 提供了 compelling rationale。

  • 研究资金投入的严重不足

    P4
    With such a large life-threatening epidemic, it is sad to say that only 1.2 percent of budgetary money for the National Institutes of Health is currently being spent on research to tackle this problem. This is a far cry from the funds necessary for a problem of such magnitude.

    委婉表达 sad to say unfortunately it is regrettable that disappointingly it is unfortunate that sadly to our dismay

    Sad to say 配合 only 1.2 percent 和 far cry from 这个组合的 implication 极其 powerful:它不只是说 funding insufficient,而是在 condemn 一个 inexcusable mismatch between crisis severity 和 institutional response。言外之意是:面对如此 catastrophic threat,我们的 priority allocation 是 fundamentally wrong,这是一个 moral failure 而不只是 technical oversight。对 article's main point 的作用是 culminate 整个 argument - 前面 establish 了 crisis severity,这里 reveal 了 why the crisis persists:systemic neglect。这个 implicit criticism 将 public health crisis 转化为 policy failure 和 resource allocation 问题,暗示 solution 不是 technical 而是 political will 和 funding priority 的 reorientation。Far cry from 这个 idiom 更是 emphasize 这个 gap 是 enormous and unacceptable,强化了 urgent need for change 的 message。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：消极批判

结论先行：本文作者态度为消极批判（ deeply concerned and critical）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段转折词定调 P1 P2

    说明文的 opening strategy 往往会 reveal author's stance。如果作者先承认 past success 然后立刻用 however/but 转折，这是典型的 'acknowledge then criticize' pattern，表明作者对 current situation 持 negative view。

  2. 数据规模显示严重性 P3

    在说明文中，作者选择 present 什么样的 numbers 能直接 reflect 他们的 concern level。如果作者 cite 的是 rising death tolls 和 projected increase，这是在 sound an alarm，表明作者对这个 issue 非常 worried 且持 critical view。

  3. 措施评价显示不满 P4

    说明文作者常常会在文末 evaluate current measures 或 responses。当作者用 'only'、'sadly'、'far cry' 这类词来 describe existing efforts 时，这是 explicit criticism，表明作者对 status quo 不满意，态度是 critical and concerned。

  4. 三维度综合定性 P1 P2 P3 P4

    说明文的 overall tone 需要综合 structural patterns、data presentation 和 evaluative language 三个层面来判断。当这三个 elements 都指向同一个 direction（问题严重、趋势恶化、应对不足）时，作者的 critical and concerned attitude 就非常 clear 了。这种 multi-layered consistency 是确认作者 stance 的最可靠方式。

文中的态度信号词

  • dangerous P2

    'Dangerous' 这个词直接 characterize antibiotic resistance 为一个 threat，不是 neutral description 而是带有 warning tone 的 negative evaluation。作者选择用这个 strong adjective 来 describe 'situations' 表明他想 alert readers 到这个 issue 的 severity，体现出 concerned attitude。

    同类词 life-threatening hazardous severe threatening alarming

  • unfortunately P3

    'Unfortunately' 是个 clear sentiment marker，直接 express 作者的 emotional stance。它不是在 report facts，而是在告诉读者 'I view this as bad news'。这种 explicit emotional positioning 让作者的 concerned attitude 一目了然，是 subjective voice 介入 objective exposition 的标志。

    同类词 sadly regrettably tragically disappointingly alarmingly

  • only P4

    'Only 1.2 percent' 中的 'only' 是个 minimizer，作者用它来 highlight 这个 percentage 的 inadequacy。如果作者只说 '1.2 percent'，那是 neutral fact；但加上 'only' 就变成了 criticism，表明作者认为这个数字 far too small。这是 subtle 但 powerful 的 evaluative technique。

    同类词 merely just barely hardly scarcely

  • far cry from P4

    'Far cry from the funds necessary' 是个 idiomatic expression，表示 huge gap between current state and required state。作者用这个 phrase 来 explicitly criticize funding level 的 inadequacy，这是 direct negative evaluation 而非 neutral observation。这个 expression 带有强烈的 disappointment tone。

    同类词 falls short of inadequate insufficient lacking deficient

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 开头段落介绍背景知识 P1

    第1段 用 'For years, many of us have relied on...' 这种 descriptive tone 来 introduce antibiotics 的 historical context，这是典型的 expository writing 开头。如果是 argumentative essay 会直接 state a claim，如果是 news report 会用 lead paragraph 突出 who, what, when, where。

  2. 段落按逻辑顺序展开 P2 P3

    第2段 用 'However, today is a new era' 转折来 explain current situation，第3段 用 'The problem has grown' 来 elaborate on the severity。这种 step-by-step explanation 是 expository structure，而议论文会用 evidence 来 support arguments，新闻会按 inverted pyramid 排列 information。

  3. 语言客观呈现事实 P2 P3 P4

    全文使用 'health experts warned', '700,000 deaths', '10 million by 2050', 'only 1.2 percent of budgetary money' 这些 factual data 和 neutral descriptions 来 explain the issue。没有 strong opinion statements（议论文特征）也没有 attribution to specific events or sources with dates（新闻特征）。

  4. 整体目的是教育读者 P1 P2 P3 P4

    整体看这篇文章是在 educate readers about antibiotic resistance，用 systematic explanation 而非 debate 或 immediate news coverage。没有 call to action（议论文常见）也没有 journalist byline 或 news angle（新闻特征），而是 comprehensive overview of an issue。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • antibiotic P1 说明对象定义解释词 penicillin superbugs antibiotic-resistant bacteria resistant bacteria infection
  • have been responsible for P1 事物属性功能描述词 is are have developed has grown into is being blamed for
  • However P2 说明顺序与例证词 In fact In the past And apparently such as
  • The problem has grown into P3 事物属性功能描述词 has grown into is being blamed for will rise to is being spent on
  • such epidemic proportions P3 事物属性功能描述词 epidemic proportions severe strain life-threatening epidemic large life-threatening epidemic common problems
  • it is sad to say that P4 说明顺序与例证词 unfortunately apparently
  • 1.2 percent P4 说明顺序与例证词 70 years ago 700,000 deaths 10 million 2050
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

4 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 的常见问题

2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章的主旨是什么？
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章说明文阐释了由抗生素过度使用导致的抗生素耐药超级细菌日益严重的危机。文章说明了这些耐药菌每年威胁数百万人的生命,使常规医疗程序变得危险,而研究资金却严重不足以应对这一流行病。（英文表述：This expository article explains the growing crisis of antibiotic-resistant superbugs caused by overprescribed antibiotics. It describes how these resistant bacteria threaten millions of lives annually, making routine medical procedures dangerous, while research funding remains critically insufficient to address this epidemic.）
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是消极批判（deeply concerned and critical）。CEFR 难度 C1，全文 246 词、4 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，C1 级共 343 篇（占 58%）。
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 4 段按说明文骨架分为 4 个意群：第1段——抗生素的历史贡献与传统价值；第2段——当前危机：超级细菌的出现与威胁；第3段——问题规模：死亡数据与未来预测；第4段——应对不足：研究经费严重短缺。
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是消极批判（deeply concerned and critical）。判断路径：首段转折词定调 → 数据规模显示严重性 → 措施评价显示不满 → 三维度综合定性；文中的态度信号词包括 dangerous（第2段）、unfortunately（第3段）、only（第4段）、far cry from（第4段）。
2017年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：penicillin（青霉素(一种早期的重要抗生素药物)）、superbug（超级细菌(对抗生素有抗药性的危险细菌)）、loom（逼近的、隐现的(形容威胁正在迫近或显现)）、epidemic（流行病、大规模传播(形容疾病或问题在广泛人群中快速蔓延)），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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