2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (2)

not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis

递进强化类 not just... but actually not only... but also more than just beyond merely not simply... but rather goes further than worse still

通过把diversity problem升级定义为inclusion crisis，作者implicitly批评了Hollywood和public对这个issue的认知不足。Crisis这个word带有urgency和systematic failure的connotation，暗示这不是isolated incidents，而是structural problem。这为整篇article的critical tone定下基调，也justify了后续detailed statistics的necessity，让readers意识到这不是minor concern而是需要immediate action的serious matter。对main thesis的作用是：establish the severity和legitimacy of the criticism。

With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-white list of acting nominees

时间对比类 less than a week before just days before on the eve of amid in the wake of shortly after at a time when

把study的release和Oscars all-white nominees controversy并置，author暗示这个diversity crisis不是新问题，而是long-standing和pervasive的。All-white这个phrase的直白性contrast了Hollywood自我标榜的progressive image，而less than a week的proximity增加了irony：就在industry面临public criticism时，research data进一步证实了problem的depth。这个temporal framing对thesis的作用是provide context和urgency，让readers理解这不是academic exercise，而是addressing a current和visible crisis，同时also暗示Oscars controversy只是tip of the iceberg。

the film industry does worse than television

对比类 worse than does worse than falls short of lags behind pales in comparison to trails inferior to

说film industry表现worse than TV，implicitly批评了film作为更glamorous和更受关注的medium，却在diversity方面更落后，这reveals a irony：越是high-profile、more influential的platform，越resistant to change。这个comparison对thesis的作用是demonstrate问题的pervasiveness across media sectors，同时also暗示film industry因为其cultural influence和prestige，bears greater responsibility但却failing more spectacularly。这strengthen了article对Hollywood film industry的focused criticism。

Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female

模糊限制语/强调类 just only merely a mere barely scarcely no more than

用just修饰3.4 percent，author不是neutrally报告data，而是guiding readers去interpret这个number as shockingly inadequate。这个minimizer implicitly批评了film industry的systemic exclusion of women from director positions。同样地，only 7 percent的films有diverse cast也被frame为far from acceptable。这些language choices对thesis的作用是通过subtle evaluation让cold statistics变得emotionally impactful，让readers感受到the severity of underrepresentation，而不仅仅是intellectually理解numbers。

women of color over 40 were regarded as 'largely invisible'

委婉表达/隐喻类 largely invisible invisible absent nowhere to be found vanished erased missing

用largely invisible而非simply说percentage很低，author暗示women of color over 40不仅是数量上underrepresented，而是被industry完全ignored，as if they don't exist。这个metaphor reveals intersectional discrimination：age + gender + race的combination导致most severe exclusion。对thesis的作用是demonstrate问题不是uniform的underrepresentation，而是certain groups面临near-total erasure，这makes the inclusion crisis更nuanced和更damning，showing Hollywood's bias is layered和multidimensional。

The film industry still functions as a straight, white, boy's club

持续状态类/讽刺类 still functions as still continues to remains persists as yet functions as to this day

Still functions as暗示尽管有social awareness和public pressure，film industry的power structure remains unchanged。Boy's club这个colloquial term implicitly批评了industry的exclusivity和insider mentality，暗示it's a closed system that perpetuates privilege。Straight, white修饰进一步specify了这个club的composition。对thesis的作用是provide a vivid summary of the systemic nature of the problem：这不是individual prejudices或isolated incidents，而是an entrenched institutional culture that actively maintains homogeneity。这解释了为什么statistics如此dismal。

female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive

倍数强化类 four times more likely twice as likely three times more x times as many multiple times significantly more likely disproportionately

用four times这个stark multiplier，author不仅指出women被sexualized，而是emphasize这种objectification的systematic和pervasive nature。这个statistic implicitly批评了Hollywood把women primarily视为physical objects而非complex characters，revealing a deep-seated sexism in storytelling。对thesis的作用是demonstrate问题不只是谁在幕后（directors, writers），也包括how women are portrayed on screen，showing the inclusion crisis extends from hiring practices到narrative choices，是全方位的problem。

But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers

转折类 but... also indicated but however yet on the other hand conversely in contrast

这个转折implicitly提出solution：增加behind-the-scenes diversity。但更深层的implication是：现状的poor diversity不是因为lack of qualified candidates或market forces，而是因为gatekeepers（directors, producers, writers）缺乏diversity。这个finding对thesis的作用是shift focus from merely documenting the problem到identifying root cause和actionable solution。同时also暗示改善是possible的，making the current situation更inexcusable：industry has the power to change但chooses not to。

the under-representation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics

程度区分类 falls mostly on primarily affects particularly impacts especially disproportionately affects hits hardest bears the brunt of

指出underrepresentation falls mostly on Hispanics，author揭示了一个nuanced reality：即使在overall diversity crisis中，different groups的exclusion程度不同。Hispanics作为largest minority group（17% population）却最被忽视（5.8% representation），这个specific finding implicitly批评了Hollywood的selective tokenism：可能有certain minorities获得some representation以appear diverse，但largest growing demographic却被systematically ignored。对thesis的作用是add depth和specificity，showing问题不是monolithic，某些groups面临even greater invisibility，这makes the crisis more complex和需要targeted solutions。

Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U.S. population

让步类 despite being in spite of being although even though regardless of notwithstanding while being

Despite being这个concession implicitly批评了representation和population之间的illogical disconnect。17% versus 5.8%这个disparity不能用market forces或audience preferences解释，暗示deliberate或unconscious exclusion。这个specific statistic对thesis的作用是provide the most concrete evidence of systematic underrepresentation，用quantifiable data证明inclusion crisis不是abstract concept而是measurable reality。同时also为整篇article提供一个powerful closing argument：largest和fastest-growing minority group最被忽视，这reveals Hollywood's fundamental failure to reflect American society。