2022年9月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (2)

作者在 第4段 中通过 protect the environment、donate money、work too hard 这三个 concrete examples 来支撑前文的 abstract argument。这些 real-life scenarios 让读者能够 immediately relate to 文章主旨，即 good deeds 会被 criticized 的现象不是 theoretical construct，而是 daily occurrence。这种 specificity 增强了 persuasive power，因为读者可能自己就 experienced 或 witnessed 这类 attacks on altruistic behavior。

信号词 for example for instance such as consider like including specifically in cases of take...as an example

仿写： 当你要 argue 一个 general phenomenon 时，问自己：readers 在 everyday life 中会在哪里 encounter 这个现象？选择 2-3 个 diverse but representative examples，确保它们 cover different contexts。模版：When discussing [主题], consider how [example 1] demonstrates this. Similarly, [example 2] shows that [观点]. Even in cases of [example 3], we observe [结论]。记住要让 examples 由 specific 到 broad，gradually build up 你的 argument。

第2段 中作者构建了清晰的 causal chain：when one person looks good → others look bad by comparison → those others have incentive to stop that person。这个 cause-effect reasoning 直接 address 了 第1段 结尾提出的 why question。通过揭示 underlying mechanism，作者让看似 irrational 的行为变得 logically understandable。这种 explanation 是文章的 analytical core，它把 phenomenon 转化为 predictable pattern，让 main argument 具有 theoretical depth。

信号词 because since as due to owing to leads to results in causes consequently therefore thus hence so this is why

仿写： 构建 causal argument 时，要 identify clear trigger 和 result。使用 if-then structure 或者 because/since structure 来 signal causality。确保你的 causal chain 是 plausible 且没有 logical gaps。模版：When [condition A occurs], [result B follows] because [underlying mechanism]. This [result] then leads to [further consequence], creating a [pattern/cycle]. 记住要 distinguish between correlation and causation，并 explain the mechanism 而不只是 assert the connection。

第1段 开篇就建立了 sharp contrast：what we "should" do（reward good guys, punish bad guys）versus what we "actually" do（sometimes punish the good guys）。这个 juxtaposition 立即 create tension 并 capture attention，因为它 contradicts common expectations。这种 contrast 是文章的 argumentative foundation，它把一个 paradoxical phenomenon highlight 出来，让 readers realize 需要 explanation。整个文章就是在 resolve 这个 contradiction。

信号词 but however yet while whereas in contrast on the contrary on the other hand conversely instead rather than unlike although though

仿写： 建立 contrast 时，要选择 truly opposing elements 而非 merely different ones。使用 parallel structure 来 emphasize the opposition。模版：While we typically [expectation/norm], the reality is [contrasting situation]. We are supposed to [ideal behavior], but we often [actual behavior]. 或者：On one hand, [position A]; on the other hand, [position B]. 确保你的 contrast serves argumentative purpose——不是为了 contrast 而 contrast，而是要 reveal insight 或 support your thesis。

文章中出现了两处 rhetorical questions：第2段 的 "Why does this happen?" 和 第4段 的 "Why does this matter?"。这些 questions 不是 genuine inquiries，而是 organizational devices。第一个 question 引出 causal explanation，transition 文章进入 analytical mode。第二个 question shift focus 到 practical implications，connect theory to reality。这种 technique 让文章结构更 clear，simultaneously engage readers by making them active participants in the reasoning process。

信号词 why how what who when where isn't it don't we can we should we

仿写： 使用 rhetorical question 时，要确保答案 implicit 或者你会 immediately provide it。它应该 serve structural purpose——introduce new section、shift perspective、或 emphasize crucial point。模版：Why [phenomenon]? The answer lies in [explanation]. 或 What does this mean for [group]? It suggests that [implication]. 避免 overuse，每个 major section transition 最多用一个，否则会 lose impact。确保问题是 readers actually wondering about 的，这样才能 create genuine engagement。

第3段 中作者使用了 parallel structure 来 enumerate possible responses："One option is to...A second option is to..."，以及后续的 "suppress their cooperation or work ethic, infer selfish motives..., or imply real or imagined hypocrisy"。这种 parallelism 创造了 rhythmic flow，让 multiple tactics 显得像 systematic catalog 而非 random list。这种结构强化了作者的 point：attacking high performers 不是 isolated incident，而是有 various manifestations 的 pattern。排比让 argument 显得 comprehensive and methodical。

信号词 first...second...third one...another...a third not only...but also either...or neither...nor both...and on one hand...on the other hand

仿写： 构建 parallelism 时，确保 each element 使用 same grammatical form（都是 infinitives、都是 noun phrases、或都是 clauses）。通常用于 enumerate options、list consequences、或 present multiple evidence。模版：One approach is to [verb phrase]. Another approach is to [parallel verb phrase]. A third approach is to [parallel verb phrase]. 或者：This leads to [noun], results in [noun], and creates [noun]. 保持 3-4 个 elements 为佳——太少 lack impact，太多 become tedious。确保所有 elements 在 logical level 上 parallel，不只是 grammatically parallel。