2016年12月英语六级第3套真题句子解析： It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

句首的 "It" 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 引导的从句 "that a lobbying firm... had previously acted for Philip Morris International"。形式主语 it 的作用是避免头重脚轻，将较长的主语从句后置，使句子结构更平衡。

a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted

主语 "a lobbying firm" 和谓语 "had previously acted" 之间被两个修饰成分分隔：一是过去分词短语 "set up by Lynton Crosby"，二是同位语插入语 "David Cameron's election campaign director"。这两个成分将主语和谓语拉开了较大距离，导致句子主干不易快速定位。

set up by Lynton Crosby

"set up" 是过去分词短语，修饰前面的名词 "a lobbying firm"，表示被动关系（游说公司是被建立的）。过去分词短语 "set up by Lynton Crosby" 作后置定语，说明这家公司是由谁建立的。

David Cameron's election campaign director

"David Cameron's election campaign director" 是同位语，用逗号隔开，插入在 "Lynton Crosby" 之后，对其身份进行补充说明。这个插入成分打断了原本连贯的句子主干 "a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby had previously acted..."，是典型的同位语插入结构。

set up

"set up" 在本句中取"建立·创立·成立"义项，指林顿·克罗斯比创立了一家游说公司。判断依据：

1. 宾语为 "a lobbying firm"（游说公司），属组织机构类名词；

2. 语境表示该公司由某人创办成立，符合"建立组织"的典型用法；

3. 被动形式 "set up by"（被...创立）进一步确认了"成立"语义。

辨析方法：当 "set up" 的宾语是公司、组织、机构等实体名词时，优先考虑"建立·创立"义；当宾语是设备、装置时考虑"安装"义；当宾语是活动、会议时考虑"安排"义。本句宾语 "lobbying firm" 明确属于组织类，语境无歧义。

形态识别：本句为被动式 "set up by"，过去分词 "set up" 作后置定语修饰 "firm"，虽与主动式形态不同，但短语动词语义保持一致。识别时注意 "set" 与 "up" 构成语义整体，"up" 不是方向副词。