2022年12月·第1套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 客观介绍青藏高原的概况与生态 参考译文与解析

主语是青藏高原，主干谓语取「位于」（主语策略：原句主语）中文主语明确就是 青藏高原，主干立为 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in / lies in the southwest of China（主谓宾齐全）。其余「面积约230万平方公里」「平均海拔4000米以上」「被称为世界屋脊」都是对主语的补充描述，不与主干争谓语。

面积、海拔降级为 with 介词短语，别称用 known as 分词「面积约230万平方公里，平均海拔4000米以上」是两条并列的客观数据，降级为 with an area of about 2.3 million square kilometers and an average altitude of over 4,000 meters（with 引导的介词短语，挂在主干后）；被称为"世界屋脊" 降级为过去分词短语 known as "the Roof of the World"。这样一句话只有一个谓语 is located，其余全是修饰，避免译成 it is located…, its area is…, it is called… 三个并列流水句。

Located in the southwest of China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an area of about 2.3 million square kilometers and an average altitude of over 4,000 meters, is known as "the Roof of the World".

主语青藏高原，主干谓语取「拥有」（主语策略：原句主语）三个分句共用主语 青藏高原。「自然资源丰富」「风景秀丽」是形容状态，「拥有多种珍稀野生动物」含实义动词「拥有」，最适合当主干谓语：It is rich in natural resources… and is home to various rare wild animals。

三分句用 and 并列谓语，第二句承前省主语本句三个分句共主语，可处理为并列谓语：It is rich in natural resources, boasts beautiful scenery and is home to various rare wild animals。「风景秀丽」用 boast（拥有引以为傲的）一词更地道，省得再起 its scenery is beautiful。三个谓语共一个主语 It，无需重复。

It is rich in natural resources, boasts beautiful scenery, and is home to various rare wild animals.

前因「气温很低」、后果「形成冰川」，主干取后果（主语策略：原句主语）两分句是因果关系：气温很低 是原因，形成了大面积高山冰川 是结果。主干立结果句 vast alpine glaciers have formed / the low temperature has led to…；「气温很低」降级为原因状语。主语可定为 The low temperature（让原因作主语带出结果），更显因果。

原因句降级为 with 短语或让其作主语「气温很低」可处理为 Due to its low temperatures / With low temperatures 作原因状语，主干 the plateau has formed large areas of alpine glaciers；或直接 The low temperatures have led to the formation of vast alpine glaciers。两动词「（气温）低」「形成」中只留「形成」作谓语，避免 and 平铺。

Due to its low temperatures, the plateau has formed large areas of alpine glaciers.

「这里」指代青藏高原，补为 It 作主语（主语策略：补主语）中文主语是指示词 这里，指代上文的青藏高原，英文补一个明确主语 It。两分句共主语：It is the source of many famous rivers in Asia and a major freshwater supply for China and Southeast Asia。主干谓语 is，两个并列表语。

两个「是……」并表语，用 and 连接两分句都是「（这里）是……」的判断句，共主语共系动词，合并为 It is A and B：It is the source of many famous rivers in Asia and a major freshwater supply for China and Southeast Asia。无需重复 It is。

It is the source of many famous rivers in Asia and a major freshwater supply for China and Southeast Asia.

主语青藏高原（可用 It 承接），主干 is vital（主语策略：原句主语）短判断句，主语 青藏高原，谓语「至关重要」译为系表 is vital / is of great importance。整句 It is vital to the global ecosystem。

单一简单句，无需降级本句只有一个主谓结构，信息单一，是天然的简单句，直接译出即可，不需要降级修饰。

It is vital to the global ecosystem.

主语「冰川」，主干谓语「融化」（主语策略：原句主语）主干主语是 青藏高原的冰川（the glaciers on the plateau），谓语「正在加速融化」are melting at an accelerating rate。由于气候变化的影响 是原因状语，不进主干。

「由于……影响」降级为 Due to 介词短语由于气候变化的影响 降级为 Due to climate change / Affected by climate change 作句首原因状语；主干 the glaciers on the plateau are melting at an accelerating rate。「的影响」无需逐字译成 the influence of，Due to climate change 已含此意，避免 Due to the influence of climate change 的中式累赘。

Due to climate change, the glaciers on the plateau are melting at an accelerating rate.

主干「中国一直努力保护生态系统」，后两分句各自独立（主语策略：原句主语）本句含三层信息、主语不同：① 中国一直在努力保护青藏高原的生态系统，主语 China，主干 China has been making efforts to protect…；② 草地覆盖率不断增加 主语是 grassland coverage；③ 许多濒危物种得到更为有效的保护 主语是 endangered species（且是被保护，宜用被动）。第一层作主干，后两层是其成果，降级为伴随/结果状语。

成果两分句用 with 伴随结构降级，物种句转被动后两层是「努力保护」的成果，用 with 引导的伴随结构降级挂在主干后：…, with grassland coverage steadily increasing and many endangered species being more effectively protected。许多濒危物种得到更为有效的保护 中物种是动作的承受者，转被动 being protected（subjectStrategy 已说本句多主语，此处分句内部用被动）。避免译成三个 and 平铺的流水句。

China has been making efforts to protect the ecosystem of the plateau, with grassland coverage steadily increasing and many endangered species being more effectively protected.