2022年12月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What is the major finding of the UN environmental study? 问的是研究的"主要发现"，对应全文的中心结论，而非局部细节。

What is the major finding of the UN environmental study? 是典型 wh-疑问句，主干 What is the major finding，of 短语修饰 finding，无从句、无否定，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Mother Earth almost uninhabitable 说地球"几乎不宜居住"，原文只说破坏速度超过吸收能力，并未提到地球已濒临不宜居住的程度。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Degradation of the world's natural resources by humans is rapidly outpacing the planet's ability to absorb the damage↔Humans are doing more damage to the earth than it can cope with

  预判"破坏速度超过地球承受力"在 Humans are doing more damage to the earth than it can cope with 中以 more...than it can cope with 完整复现，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• C)偷换概念

  原文意思是"破坏超过吸收能力会使富国当前繁荣不可维持"——是"环境破坏会损害繁荣"的预言；Environmental problems have considerably weakened human prosperity 改成"环境问题已经显著削弱了人类繁荣"，把未来的预警偷换成已发生的事实。

• D)无中生有

  Environmental damage is more serious in developed countries these days 断言发达国家环境破坏更严重，原文从未做"发达国家 vs 发展中国家谁更严重"的横向比较，是无中生有的比较。

题干 What is said about water scarcity in some of the poorest regions? 形式 "What is said about X"，问的是文中对 X 的具体陈述，是典型细节题。

What is said about water scarcity in some of the poorest regions? 被动语态，主干 What is said，about 介词短语带出讨论对象，in 短语限定范围；结构清楚、无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文是"不激进行动则无望"——前提是"如果不采取"，there is little hope of solution 把条件去掉、直接断言"几乎无解"，把有条件的判断推为无条件结论，过度推断。

• B)张冠李戴

  原文只说水资源短缺让发展中国家 increasingly unable to feed themselves, and causing hardship for millions of people，关心的是粮食与民生；It largely accounts for their slow economic development 转到"经济发展缓慢"上，原文未做此因果归因。

• C)✓ 正确
  • There appears little prospect of this desperate situation being remedied without radical action being taken↔It can hardly be relieved if no drastic measures are taken

  预判"无激进行动→几乎无望解决"在 It can hardly be relieved if no drastic measures are taken 中以 hardly + if no...are taken 完整复刻，是定位句的标准同义重写。

• D)以偏概全

  原文罗列了 population growth, climate change, rapid urbanization, rising levels of consumption, and the degradation of lands 五个并列威胁因素；It is primarily caused by the acceleration of climate change 单挑"气候加剧"为主因，原文从未做此排序。

题干 What does Achim Steiner say about the environmental condition? 问具体人物对具体话题的具体陈述，属于事实细节，不是推断或主旨。

What does Achim Steiner say about the environmental condition? 主动语态特殊疑问句，主干 What does Achim Steiner say，about 短语带出陈述对象，无从句无否定，结构透明。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the state of the world's environment will continue to decline↔It will deteriorate worldwide

  预判"环境将持续恶化"在 It will deteriorate worldwide 中以 will deteriorate 保留 will 未来时态，worldwide 保留全球范围，整句结构紧贴定位句。

• B)无中生有

  It is attracting global attention 说环境正吸引全球关注，原文 Steiner 引语只谈"将继续恶化"，未提全球对它的关注度。

• C)与原文相反

  It is being slowly remedied globally 说环境正在被缓慢修复，与原文 the rate of damage to the natural environment was found to increase globally 及 Steiner 引语"将继续恶化"完全相反。

• D)无中生有

  It will shrink the world's population 说环境状况会缩减世界人口，原文 Steiner 引语只字未提人口收缩。

题干 What is the dilemma developing countries face? 问的是文中明确描述的具体两难，是文中实有陈述的细节，不是推理。

What is the dilemma developing countries face? 主干 What is the dilemma，后接省略关系代词的定语从句 (which/that) developing countries face 修饰 dilemma；基础薄弱考生易把 face 误解为名词"面孔"，须留意它在此是及物动词"面对"。

• A)张冠李戴

  cannot modernise farming without causing land degradation 是"现代化农业导致土地退化"，原文第 5 段才提 curb the degradation of land where modern agricultural methods were pursued，但与本题第 6 段的"养人 vs 温室气体"两难是两个不同话题。

• B)无中生有

  cannot promote industrialisation without polluting waterways 说"工业化必然污染水道"，原文未谈发展中国家工业化的两难，也未谈水道污染。

• C)✓ 正确
  • This will put a long-term strain on the ability of developing economies to feed their own people↔boost crop yields
  • Climate change is aggravated by the emissions of greenhouse gases from chemical and natural fertilisers used in agriculture↔causing greenhouse gas emissions

  预判"养人靠提产、提产致排放"在 They cannot boost crop yields without causing greenhouse gas emissions 中以 cannot...without... 双重否定形式把目的与代价绑成两难，与原文两面对应。

• D)偷换概念

  cannot catch up with rich countries without sacrificing the environment 说"追赶富国必牺牲环境"，这是 P7 谈"富国曾以环境换增长"的引申、且原文 P7 的态度是发展中国家"有潜力改变路径"——选项把 P7 的论点反向化，又错放进本题两难。

题干 What should developing countries do in their future development according to the passage? 明确要 according to the passage，问文中给出的具体建议，是细节题不是推断。

What should developing countries do in their future development according to the passage? 情态动词疑问句，主干 What should developing countries do，in 短语限定时间范围，according to 短语指明答题依据；结构清晰无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  turn to developed countries for the assistance they need 说"向发达国家求援"，原文 P7 只说国际机构"设计了可持续路径"，未提向发达国家求援。

• B)与原文相反

  remedy environmental damage by slowing economic growth 说"靠放缓经济增长来修补环境"，但原文 P7 提的 sustainable growth pathways 是"既减贫又护环境"——发展与环保并行，不是减速换环保。

• C)与原文相反

  avoid damaging interference from international institutions 说"避开国际机构的破坏性干预"，但原文 P7 has encouraged international institutions to devise more sustainable growth pathways 中国际机构是建设性角色——选项把它颠倒成"破坏性"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • alleviate poverty↔improve people's livelihood
  • preserve the environment↔without harming the environment

  预判"减贫与护环境兼顾"在 They improve people's livelihood without harming the environment 中以 improve...without harming 双动作并列承接 both...and 结构，是 P7 对策句的标准同义改写。