2026年6月·第2套 英语六级长篇阅读（信息匹配） 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析

With around 600 hectares replanted around the world since 2015 and another 1,100 planned for this year, the company's drive fits into the Bonn Challenge, a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of the world's deforested and degraded land by 2020.

自2015年以來，該公司已在全球重植約600公頃土地，今年還計劃再植1100公頃；這一努力契合了「波恩挑戰」——一項到2020年恢復全球1.5億公頃被砍伐與退化土地的全球目標。

Although not technically reforestation, agroforestry (a system of land use in which harvestable trees or shrubs are grown among or around crops or on pasture land, as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land) provides an opportunity for small-holder farmers to sustain their livelihoods while adding some forest cover to their farms.

雖然嚴格來說不算重新造林，但農林業（一種土地利用體系，即在作物周圍或之間、或牧場上種植可採收的樹木或灌木，以保持或提高土地生產力）為小農提供了在維持生計的同時為農場增加些許森林覆蓋的機會。

Unlike Land Life Company, this region-wide project makes the economic and business case for reforestation, even though they are after biodiversity conservation. 'You need to bring in private sector money,' says WRI's Vergara, who leads the initiative, 'and that capital needs to see a return on their investment.' A study he led predicts Latin America would see an estimated net present value of about $23bn over a 50-year period if it reaches its goal.

與 Land Life Company 不同，這個覆蓋全區域的項目為重新造林提出了經濟與商業理由，儘管他們也追求生物多樣性保護。「你需要引入私營部門資金，」主持該倡議的 WRI 的 Vergara 說，「而且這筆資本需要看到投資回報。」他主導的一項研究預測，若目標達成，拉丁美洲在50年內將獲得約230億美元的淨現值。

But in the right location, perhaps all you need is time. In the Central Pacific of Costa Rica, the 330-hectare National Wildlife Refuge Baru looks nothing like the cattle ranch it was before 1987, when Jack Ewing decided to turn this large estate into an ecotourism destination. Instead of intervening, a friend told him to let nature have its way. Baru's former grazing lands are now thriving woods and the property boasts over 150 hectares of secondary forests with no intervention from humans.

但在合適的地點，或許你所需要的只是時間。在哥斯大黎加中太平洋地區，330公頃的 Baru 國家野生動物保護區看起來已完全不像1987年之前的那片牧場——當時 Jack Ewing 決定將這片大產地改為生態旅遊目的地。一位朋友告訴他不要干預，讓自然自行其是。Baru 曾經的放牧地如今已是茂盛的林地，該地產擁有超過150公頃未經人類干預的次生林。

Spurred by global biodiversity loss and climate change, these groups are pushing the boundary of how to revive forest cover. 'It's not a theoretical proposition,' says Walter Vergara, a forest and climate specialist at the World Resources Institute(WRI). 'It requires the right incentives, the right stakeholders, the right analysis and sufficient capital, but it can happen.'

受全球生物多樣性喪失和氣候變化的驅使，這些組織正在突破如何恢復森林覆蓋的邊界。「這不是一個理論命題，」世界資源研究所（WRI）的森林與氣候專家 Walter Vergara 說，「它需要正確的激勵、正確的利益相關者、正確的分析和充足的資本，但這是可以實現的。」

Vergara's partners look for safe investments, and even Land Life Company only runs major projects in what they consider 'low-risk' countries. 'We tend to avoid large-scale operations in countries in some parts of the Middle East or Africa where the permanence is not secured,' says Ruys.

Vergara 的合作伙伴尋找安全投資，就連 Land Life Company 也只在他們認為「低風險」的國家開展重大項目。「我們傾向於避免在中東或非洲部分國家開展大規模行動，因為那裡的持久性無法得到保障，」Ruys 說。

'Does nature return by itself?' asks Arnout Asjes, Land Life Company's chief technology officer, who oversees a mix of drone and satellite imagery, big data analysis, soil enhancement, QR tagging and site-specific tree configuration designs. 'Probably, but it can take decades or hundreds of years, so we are speeding things up.'

「自然能自行恢復嗎？」Land Life Company 的首席技術官 Arnout Asjes 問道，他負責監管無人機與衛星圖像、大數據分析、土壤改良、二維碼標籤和因地制宜的樹木配置設計。「可能可以，但這需要數十年或數百年，所以我們正在加速這一過程。」

Money can come from timber sales in sustainably managed forests or from harvesting 'non-wood products' like nuts, oils and fruits from the trees. You can take note of how much carbon dioxide your forest is capturing and sell carbon credits to companies keen to offset their emissions. Or you can even grow the forest hoping that biodiversity will attract ecotourists who'd pay for lodging, birdwatching tours and meals.

資金可以來自可持續管理森林中的木材銷售，或從樹上收穫「非木材產品」如堅果、油和水果。你可以記錄森林吸收了多少二氧化碳，然後把碳信用賣給希望抵消排放的公司。或者你甚至可以培育森林，寄望生物多樣性會吸引願意支付住宿、觀鳥旅行和餐飲費用的生態旅遊者。

A global project called Breedcafs is studying how trees behave in coffee farms, hoping to find crop varieties that manage to grow under the shade of trees. Coffee grows naturally in such forests, so copying that in farms is taking the crop back to its roots. 'By reintroducing trees in the landscape, we impact positively humidity, rain capture, soil conservation and biodiversity preservation,' says coffee expert Benoit Bertrand, who leads the project from the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development. Bertrand is analysing which of dozens of coffee varieties fits better for this system.

一個名為 Breedcafs 的全球項目正在研究咖啡農場中樹木的生長情況，希望找到能在樹蔭下生長的作物品種。咖啡天然生長於這樣的森林中，因此在農場中模仿這種做法等於讓作物回歸本源。「通過在景觀中重新引入樹木，我們積極影響濕度、雨水截留、土壤保護和生物多樣性保護，」在法國農業國際合作研究中心領導該項目的咖啡專家 Benoit Bertrand 說。Bertrand 正在分析數十種咖啡品種中哪一種更適合這一系統。

The region's dry climate and depleted soils would be a recipe for disaster in your average program to replant trees, but for the Amsterdam-based Land Life Company it's an ideal place. 'We typically operate where nature does not come back by itself,' says Jurrian Ruys, its CEO. 'We go where there are rougher conditions in terms of weather, with rough or very hot summers.'

該地區乾燥的氣候和貧瘠的土壤對普通的植樹項目來說會是災難配方，但對總部位於阿姆斯特丹的 Land Life Company 而言卻是理想之地。「我們通常在大自然無法自行恢復的地方作業，」其首席執行官 Jurrian Ruys 說，「我們去氣候條件更惡劣的地方，那裡夏季炎熱或酷暑。」