「做…没用」

核心结论

It's no use/good doing 是表达「做某事没有用/不好」的固定句型,属于 it 作形式主语的结构。句中 it 不指代任何具体事物,真正的主语是后面的动名词短语 doing sth,no use/good 构成表语。

该句型与 There's no point (in) doing 语义完全一致,都表示某行为徒劳无益、不值得做。use 和 good 在此句型中作不可数名词,分别表示「用处」和「好处」,no 是限定词表否定。

It's no use 比 It's no good 更常用,但两者可自由互换,语义和语域无差异,都属于标准书面语和口语通用表达。

结构公式与变体

标准公式:It's no use/good doing sth(做某事没用)

疑问变体:What's the use/good of doing sth?(做某事有什么用?)

there 句型:There's no use/good (in) doing sth,括号内的 in 可省略,与 it 句型完全同义

时态变化:It was no use doing(过去时)、It will be no use doing(将来时),be 动词随时态变化

强调变体:It's of no use doing 或 It's not any use doing,但标准形式更常见

易错点与直译陷阱

最常见错误是写成 It's no use to do,这是受 It's useful to do 类句型的干扰。但 no use/good 后必须接动名词 doing,不能接不定式 to do,记住:no 把结构锁定为 doing 形式。

不要把 it 理解为指代某个事物:It's no use crying 不是「它哭没用」,而是「哭是没用的」,it 纯粹是形式主语,翻译时不译出。

use 和 good 在此句型中是名词不是形容词:不能写成 It's no useful doing 或 It's no well doing,必须用名词 use/good。

区分 It's no use doing 与 It's useless to do:前者只能接 doing,后者(形容词 useless 作表语)可接 to do,两者虽语义相近但结构不可混用。

近似结构辨析

It's no use doing vs. It's useless to do:两者都表「无用」,但前者是 no + 名词 use + doing 的固定搭配,后者是形容词 useless 作表语接不定式的常规结构,可改写为 It's useless doing,但 It's no use to do 是错误的。

It's no use doing vs. There's no point (in) doing:完全同义,可互换,唯一区别是后者 in 可省略(There's no point crying),前者无介词可省。

It's no use doing vs. It's of no use doing:后者是 be + of + 抽象名词结构(相当于形容词),更强调属性,但日常表达中 It's no use doing 更自然常用。

理解与翻译方法

识别步骤:看到 It's no 开头,检查后面是否为 use/good + doing,若是则判定为「做某事没用」句型,it 不翻译,doing 才是逻辑主语。

翻译方法:将 doing 短语提到句首作主语翻译,如 It's no use arguing with him → 「和他争论是没用的」或「跟他争论没用」,保持「做 X 没用」的语序。

改写技巧:遇到 It's no use doing 可平行改写为 There's no point (in) doing、It's useless doing 或 It's of no use doing,核心语义不变。

造句要点:先确定要表达「哪个行为没用」,将该行为写成动名词形式(doing),套入 It's no use/good doing 框架,如「后悔没用」→ It's no use regretting。

考法提示

语法填空常考点:给出 It's no use ____(cry),要求填 crying,考查考生是否掌握该句型必须接动名词而非不定式的规则。

改错题设错:将正确的 It's no use doing 改成 It's no use to do,或将 use/good 误写成形容词 useful/well,要求考生识别并改正。

完形填空辨析:在 It's no ____ complaining 处给出 A. use B. point C. useful D. good 选项,考查 A/B/D 都可选(名词),C(形容词)不可选。

翻译题考点:给出中文「现在后悔已经没用了」,考查能否准确写出 It's no use regretting now 而非写成 It's no use to regret 或 It's useless to regret(虽然后者语法正确但不是该句型)。

记忆技巧

口诀记忆:「no use/good 后必 doing,to do 永远不能用」,避免与 It's useful to do 混淆。

对比记忆:It's no use(名词 + doing)vs. It's useless(形容词 + to do),记住名词配 doing、形容词配 to do 的基本规律。

同义联想:记住 It's no use doing = There's no point (in) doing,两个句型一起记,互相印证强化记忆。

教学例句

• It's no use complaining about the policy; we should focus on adapting to it.

  抱怨这项政策没有用,我们应该专注于适应它。

  标准 It's no use doing 形式,表达某行为徒劳无益。

• There's no good worrying about the exam result now that it's over.

  既然考试已经结束,现在担心结果是没有好处的。

  There's no good doing 变体,与 It's no good doing 同义。

• What's the use of having a plan if no one follows it?

  如果没人遵守,制定计划有什么用呢?

  疑问变体 What's the use of doing,用于反问强调无用性。

• It was no use trying to convince him once he had made up his mind.

  一旦他下定决心,试图说服他就没用了。

  过去时形式 It was no use doing,表达过去情境下的徒劳行为。