EXAM · 来自 考研英语(2010 前)写作 · 1999 年 · Section III

1999年考研英语(2010 前)写作(大作文) · 题目、范文与解析

本页是 1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作 的写作真题页(图表 / 漫画大作文)—— 与试卷排版同一卷面:完整写作要求(Directions) 与真题配图(附中文图意) 连续排印 ,卷面下方直接给出参考范文(206 词)与整篇中译、逐段拆解,另附审题立意、谋篇句架与评分自检 。

PROMPT & MODEL ESSAY · 写作题和范文

写作题和范文

本页写作题面、参考范文与逐段解析由懒笔记基于1999年 考研英语(2010 前)写作原卷整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:完整写作要求(Directions,含主题、文体、词数与署名约束)、真题配图连续排印。写作是生产性任务、无 ABCD 标准答案——题面即整道题;卷面下方直接给出满足全部硬约束的参考范文、整篇中译与逐段拆解。

考研真题(1999)
Section III
Directions:
A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at less than 150 words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.
C. Your essay should cover three points:
a. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife,
b. possible reasons for the effect,
c. your suggestion for wildlife protection.
这张图像包含了两幅图表,主图表和小图表,标题是“The Ups and Downs of Population Growth”

【参考范文 · 206 词】写作无唯一标准答案,以下为达标示范

As the two graphs vividly reveal, the population and the wildlife of the United States have moved in strikingly opposite directions. Over the past two centuries, the number of people climbed steadily, soaring by nearly eighty million between 1800 and 1900 alone, while the count of extinct species kept rising, with more than seventy species wiped out from 1600 to 1900. Clearly, the swelling human population has dealt a heavy blow to the nation's wildlife, driving one species after another toward extinction.

Several factors account for this alarming trend. First and foremost, as the population expands, more forests and wetlands are cleared for farms, houses and factories, so wild animals lose the very habitats on which they depend. Moreover, growing human demand fuels excessive hunting for fur, food and profit, while industrial pollution poisons the rivers and air that countless creatures need to survive.

To reverse this decline, concrete measures are urgently needed. The government should pass strict laws against illegal hunting and establish more nature reserves where endangered animals can live undisturbed. Meanwhile, unchecked land development must be controlled, and public awareness of wildlife protection should be raised through education. Only when people and nature learn to coexist can we truly halt this alarming loss.

【参考译文】

正如两幅图表清晰揭示的那样,美国的人口与野生动物走出了截然相反的两条曲线。在过去两个世纪里,人口稳步攀升,仅1800年至1900年间就增加了近八千万,而灭绝物种的数量也在不断上升,1600年到1900年间已有七十多种物种被彻底抹去。显然,不断膨胀的人口给这个国家的野生动物以沉重打击,使一个又一个物种走向灭绝。

造成这一令人忧心趋势的原因有若干。首要的是,随着人口扩张,越来越多的森林和湿地被开垦为农田、房屋和工厂,野生动物因而失去了赖以生存的栖息地。此外,日益增长的人类需求助长了为皮毛、食物和利润而进行的过度捕猎,工业污染又毒害着无数生灵所需的江河与空气。

要扭转这一衰退,亟需切实的举措。政府应制定严法惩治非法捕猎,并增设更多自然保护区,让濒危动物得以不受干扰地栖息。与此同时,必须遏制无序的土地开发,并通过教育提升公众的野生动物保护意识。唯有当人与自然学会共存,我们才能真正遏止这令人痛心的损失。

【第 1 段】概述+数据+点影响。本段落实『概述趋势不堆数』:开头 As the two graphs vividly reveal 一句概括两图反向关系,只挑 nearly eighty million 与 more than seventy species 两组关键数佐证,末句 has dealt a heavy blow 过渡到影响,扣住第一要点,不逐个抄刻度。

【第 2 段】分层给机制。本段落实『因果落到机制』:Several factors account for 领起,First and foremost、Moreover 分层,给出 lose the very habitats、excessive hunting、industrial pollution 三条具体机制,因果链讲得通,而非空喊人多动物少。

【第 3 段】分主体开药方。本段落实『建议具体对口』:The government should pass strict laws、establish more nature reserves 是对政府,raised through education 面向公众,条条针对第二段病根;结尾 Only when people and nature learn to coexist 倒装升华回扣中心。

ANALYSIS · 审题与立意

这道题到底要写什么、立意是什么

动笔前先钉死本题的核心写作任务与读者语域、读懂配图 ,再定中心立意与要展开的要点 —— 这些是本题特有的内容判断,不是通用套路。

核心任务

描述图表并给保护建议

本题要写一篇看图议论短文,围绕三条主线展开:effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife(人口增长对野生动物的影响)、possible reasons for the effect(造成这一影响的可能原因)、your suggestion for wildlife protection(你对保护野生动物的建议)。一句话钉死:由图入手指出人口猛增导致物种锐减,再挖原因、开药方。

读者 · 语域

面向阅卷人的正式书面语

这是一篇无具体收信人的图表议论文,读者就是阅卷老师,语域用正式书面英语即可:不用 Dear/Yours 之类书信框架,也不写口语缩略和网络用语,用完整句、连接词和客观第三人称陈述观点。这一点考研作文与四六级议论文一致,把它当成一篇小型评论来写。

配图要读出

人口飙升伴物种锐减

主图 U.S POPULATION GROWTH OVER TIME 显示美国人口持续攀升,从1800年到1900年,美国人口增加了近8千万;小图 U.S SPECIES EXTINCTION OVER TIME 显示 物种灭绝数量的逐渐上升,从1600年到1900年美国灭绝的物种数量总共是70多种。两图合看就是标题 The Ups and Downs of Population Growth 的注脚——人口的『up』伴随野生物种的消失,可写点正是这组对比。

中心立意

人口增长危及野生动物需保护

全篇中心一句话:美国人口的持续膨胀正把大量野生物种推向灭绝,我们必须查明原因并采取切实措施加以保护——这正对应 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife 与 your suggestion for wildlife protection。

要展开的要点
  1. 影响:人多则物种消失 第一要点描述并点出影响——人口逐年猛增,同期灭绝物种数不断上升,说明人口膨胀严重挤压了野生动物的生存空间,直接回应 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife。
  2. 原因:栖息地被占+捕猎污染 第二要点落到具体机制:人口扩张要开垦土地、砍林填湿地盖房建厂,动物失去栖息地;人多需求大带来过度捕猎;工业污染毒害水与空气。给出可信因果链,回应 possible reasons for the effect,而非空喊『人多所以动物少』。
  3. 建议:立法+保护区+控开发+宣传 第三要点开具体药方:政府立法严惩非法捕猎、多设自然保护区、控制无序开发,同时靠教育提升公众保护意识,条条可操作,回应 your suggestion for wildlife protection。
STRUCTURE · 谋篇与逐段

怎么分段、每段写什么、能套哪些句架

按写作家族给出现成的段落框架(每段承担什么功能),并为每段配可直接套用的 功能句架(留出填本题内容的空位)。段序与上方参考范文一一对应。

  1. 第 1 段
    描述趋势+点明影响 概括两图的反向趋势并落到第一要点——人口增长对野生动物的影响 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife。
  2. 第 2 段
    分析可能原因 承接影响,展开第二要点 possible reasons for the effect,逐层给出栖息地丧失、过度捕猎、环境污染等机制。
  3. 第 3 段
    提出保护建议 落到第三要点 your suggestion for wildlife protection,给出立法、设保护区、控开发、做宣传等可行对策并收尾。
第 1 段 两图反向+人口挤压野生动物

写美国人口持续攀升(从1800年到1900年,美国人口增加了近8千万),同期灭绝物种数不断上升(从1600年到1900年美国灭绝的物种数量总共是70多种),据此点明:膨胀的人口正把野生动物推向灭绝。

  • 概述图表趋势 As the two graphs (vividly) reveal, ___ and ___ have moved in strikingly opposite directions.(填两个反向变量)
  • 引数据佐证 The number of ___ climbed by ___ between ___ and ___, while ___ kept rising.(填变量、增幅、起止年)
  • 点睛过渡到影响 Clearly, ___ has dealt a heavy blow to ___.(前填动因,后填受损对象,收束到影响)
第 2 段 栖息地丧失+过度捕猎+污染

回应 possible reasons for the effect:人口扩张要清林填湿地盖房建厂,动物失去赖以生存的栖息地;人多需求大导致为皮毛、食物、利润而过度捕猎;工业污染毒害动物依赖的水与空气。

  • 总起领出原因 Several factors account for this ___ trend.(填 alarming/worrying 等定性词)
  • 分层列举原因 First and foremost, as ___, ___, so ___ lose the very habitats on which they depend.(前填动因,中填后果,串成机制)
  • 递进补充原因 Moreover, ___ fuels ___, while ___ poisons ___.(用 Moreover 再叠加一到两个原因)
第 3 段 立法+保护区+控开发+宣传

回应 your suggestion for wildlife protection:政府立法严惩非法捕猎、增设自然保护区、遏制无序开发,同时通过教育提升公众保护意识——每条都针对第二段的原因,可落地执行。

  • 领出对策 To reverse this decline, concrete measures are urgently needed.(把泛泛呼吁换成『具体措施』的领句)
  • 分主体提对策 The government should ___ and establish ___, while the public ought to ___.(分政府/公众两条线填具体动作)
  • 升华收尾 Only when ___ can we ___.(用 Only when 倒装升华,回扣中心)
REVIEW · 自检避坑

本题在四个评分维度怎样算达标、容易在哪丢分

按阅卷四维(内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式)给出本题达标要点,并把最容易踩的低分写法摆出来 + 给改法 —— 这是写作版的「狠拆诱人错项」。

  • 内容切题
    三点齐全各有归属 本题必须同时覆盖 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife、possible reasons for the effect、your suggestion for wildlife protection,最易失分处是只描述图表、把原因或建议写丢。
  • 结构连贯
    三段对应三要点 本题三段应与 Your essay should cover three points 一一对应,段内先总后分、段间用过渡句衔接,避免把原因和影响混在一段导致归属不清。
  • 语言准确
    生态词准确不硬凑 本题涉及 habitat、extinction、nature reserve、pollution 等主题词,用对能加分,用错或生造反而扣分;宁可用 lose their habitats 这类稳妥表达,也别硬堆没把握的大词。
  • 字数格式
    读准字数要求再落笔 注意 Directions 里 at less than 150 words 这句表述容易读岔,本题按不少于150词的下限要求把话写足即可,分成清晰的三段,切勿全篇一段到底。
典型低分写法 · 反面示例与改法
  • 只报数字不分析 反面示例:The population rose from 5 million to 260 million, and the extinct species rose to 70. That is what the graphs show.(通篇复述数据、无原因无建议)。改法:数据一句带过后接因果与对策——The soaring population has destroyed many habitats, so we should establish more nature reserves to protect endangered species.
  • 建议空喊口号 反面示例:In a word, we should protect wildlife and everyone must pay attention to it.(谁去做、做什么全无)。改法:写成具体动作——The government should pass strict laws against illegal hunting and set up more nature reserves.
  • 曲线读反全篇偏 反面示例:As people decreased over time, more wildlife species appeared and thrived.(把两条曲线全读反,方向彻底错)。改法:忠于图——As the human population kept rising, more and more species went extinct.
  • 同义反复凑字数 反面示例:The population is very very large. The number of people is huge. There are so many people, really a lot of people.(三句一个意思,纯注水)。改法:把重复句换成新信息——The growing population also intensifies competition for water and land, leaving wildlife fewer resources.
FAQ · 关于本篇的常见问题

常见问题

围绕本题的写作题目与要求、作文类型、配图说明、立意要点、参考范文、谋篇分段与评分丢分,逐条给出可核对的答案。

1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的写作题目是什么?要求写多少字?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作(Section III)的写作要求为:A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at less than 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. C. Your essay should cover three points: a. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife, b. possible reasons for the effect, c. your suggestion for wildlife protection.
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作属于哪种类型的作文、有什么格式要求?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作 是考研大作文(图表描述 / 漫画评论,先读图再评论)。题目配有一幅图表,动笔前需先读懂图表意再展开。
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的图表画的是什么、说明了什么?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的图表内容为:这张图像包含了两幅图表,主图表和小图表,标题是“The Ups and Downs of Population Growth”。 主图表是“U.S POPULATION GROWTH OVER TIME”,显示了从1800年到2000年美国人口增长的历史。纵轴标注“NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)”表示人数(以百万计),从0开始,以20百万为间隔,最高至260百万。横轴标注“YEAR”表示年份,从1800年开始,以20年为一个间隔。折线图呈现了一个显著上升的趋势,显示人口数量随时间稳步增长。从主图中看出从1800年到1900年,美国人口增加了近8千万。 小图表是“U.S SPECIES EXTINCTION OVER TIME”,展示了1600年至1900年间美国物种灭绝的数量。这个较小的图表的纵轴标注“NUMBER OF SPECIES NO. EXTINCT”,表示灭绝的物种数量,从0开始,以20为间隔,最高至100。横轴同样标注“YEAR”,从1600年开始,以100年为一个间隔。这个折线图显示了物种灭绝数量的逐渐上升。从小图中看出从1800年到1900年,美国灭绝的物种数量超过50种,而从1600年到1900年美国灭绝的物种数量总共是70多种。 就本题而言,主图 U.S POPULATION GROWTH OVER TIME 显示美国人口持续攀升,从1800年到1900年,美国人口增加了近8千万;小图 U.S SPECIES EXTINCTION OVER TIME 显示 物种灭绝数量的逐渐上升,从1600年到1900年美国灭绝的物种数量总共是70多种。两图合看就是标题 The Ups and Downs of Population Growth 的注脚——人口的『up』伴随野生物种的消失,可写点正是这组对比。
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作(描述图表并给保护建议)应该怎么立意、写哪几个要点?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的中心立意是全篇中心一句话:美国人口的持续膨胀正把大量野生物种推向灭绝,我们必须查明原因并采取切实措施加以保护——这正对应 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife 与 your suggestion for wildlife protection。可展开的要点:第一要点描述并点出影响——人口逐年猛增,同期灭绝物种数不断上升,说明人口膨胀严重挤压了野生动物的生存空间,直接回应 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife;第二要点落到具体机制:人口扩张要开垦土地、砍林填湿地盖房建厂,动物失去栖息地;人多需求大带来过度捕猎;工业污染毒害水与空气。给出可信因果链,回应 possible reasons for the effect,而非空喊『人多所以动物少』;第三要点开具体药方:政府立法严惩非法捕猎、多设自然保护区、控制无序开发,同时靠教育提升公众保护意识,条条可操作,回应 your suggestion for wildlife protection。
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作(描述图表并给保护建议)的参考范文是怎样的?多少词?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的参考范文(206 词):As the two graphs vividly reveal, the population and the wildlife of the United States have moved in strikingly opposite directions. Over the past two centuries, the number of people climbed steadily, soaring by nearly eighty million between 1800 and 1900 alone, while the count of extinct species kept rising, with more than seventy species wiped out from 1600 to 1900. Clearly, the swelling human population has dealt a heavy blow to the nation's wildlife, driving one species after another toward extinction. Several factors account for this alarming trend. First and foremost, as the population expands, more forests and wetlands are cleared for farms, houses and factories, so wild animals lose the very habitats on which they depend. Moreover, growing human demand fuels excessive hunting for fur, food and profit, while industrial pollution poisons the rivers and air that countless creatures need to survive. To reverse this decline, concrete measures are urgently needed. The government should pass strict laws against illegal hunting and establish more nature reserves where endangered animals can live undisturbed. Meanwhile, unchecked land development must be controlled, and public awareness of wildlife protection should be raised through education. Only when people and nature learn to coexist can we truly halt this alarming loss.
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作(描述图表并给保护建议)这篇作文怎么分段、每段写什么?
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作的参考范文共 3 段:第 1 段(描述趋势+点明影响)概括两图的反向趋势并落到第一要点——人口增长对野生动物的影响 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife;第 2 段(分析可能原因)承接影响,展开第二要点 possible reasons for the effect,逐层给出栖息地丧失、过度捕猎、环境污染等机制;第 3 段(提出保护建议)落到第三要点 your suggestion for wildlife protection,给出立法、设保护区、控开发、做宣传等可行对策并收尾。
1999年考研英语(2010 前)真题 写作(描述图表并给保护建议)作文容易在哪丢分?
按内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式四维评分,本题达标要点:内容切题——本题必须同时覆盖 effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife、possible reasons for the effect、your suggestion for wildlife protection,最易失分处是只描述图表、把原因或建议写丢;结构连贯——本题三段应与 Your essay should cover three points 一一对应,段内先总后分、段间用过渡句衔接,避免把原因和影响混在一段导致归属不清;语言准确——本题涉及 habitat、extinction、nature reserve、pollution 等主题词,用对能加分,用错或生造反而扣分;宁可用 lose their habitats 这类稳妥表达,也别硬堆没把握的大词;字数格式——注意 Directions 里 at less than 150 words 这句表述容易读岔,本题按不少于150词的下限要求把话写足即可,分成清晰的三段,切勿全篇一段到底。 典型低分写法(须避免):反面示例:The population rose from 5 million to 260 million, and the extinct species rose to 70. That is what the graphs show.(通篇复述数据、无原因无建议)。改法:数据一句带过后接因果与对策——The soaring population has destroyed many habitats, so we should establish more nature reserves to protect endangered species;反面示例:In a word, we should protect wildlife and everyone must pay attention to it.(谁去做、做什么全无)。改法:写成具体动作——The government should pass strict laws against illegal hunting and set up more nature reserves;反面示例:As people decreased over time, more wildlife species appeared and thrived.(把两条曲线全读反,方向彻底错)。改法:忠于图——As the human population kept rising, more and more species went extinct;反面示例:The population is very very large. The number of people is huge. There are so many people, really a lot of people.(三句一个意思,纯注水)。改法:把重复句换成新信息——The growing population also intensifies competition for water and land, leaving wildlife fewer resources。

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