1999年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 3 篇 · 19–22 题答案与解析

The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is 是典型的「the author thinks…is + 形容词」结构，问的是作者对一种现象的总评价。

Q19 是一个待补全的不完整陈述句，主干为 The author thinks (that) the present rush ... is ___；选项是 is 后的表语形容词。注意 the present rush to put computers in the classroom 整体是 thinks 的宾语从句主语，rush 是名词「热潮、一窝蜂」，不是动词。

• A)无中生有

  far reaching 指「影响深远」，但作者全篇都在质疑这场运动的立意，从未评价它「影响范围广」；原文 goes to the heart of what is wrong 是指「戳到要害」，不是「影响深远」。

• B)✓ 正确
  • contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom↔dubiously oriented

  预判要求负向评价 + 方向问题，选项 dubiously oriented 恰好同时满足负向（dubiously）与方向（oriented），与定位句完全对位。

• C)偷换概念

  self contradictory 是「自身自相矛盾」，意指这件事是自我打脸的；但原文说的是 two groups of writers 之间存在 contradiction，即倡导者群体内部两类动机间的矛盾，不是 rush 本身的内在自相矛盾。

• D)张冠李戴

  radically reformatory 是「彻底改革式的」，来自原文 broader reasons of radical educational reform——那是被批评的一派人的口号，不是作者对这件事的评价；作者立场是负面，选 D 等于把批评对象的旗号当作者结论。

The belief that education is indispensable to all children 已给定具体命题，问的是它的来源/性质，需要在原文中找出明确对应。

Q20 是不完整陈述句，主干是 The belief ... is / came / originated / 等动词；that education is indispensable to all children 是 belief 的同位语从句，限定 belief 的具体内容。indispensable to ≈ 对…不可或缺 ≈ 原文的 universally required / legally required。

• A)张冠李戴

  原文 Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook 是说电脑教育倡导者藏着悲观，并不是说「education is indispensable」这一信念本身藏着悲观；选项把宿主对换了。

• B)与原文相反

  原文明说 before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature——这种「人人都该受教育」的信念是在「立法强制义务教育」前后逐渐形成的，远早于电脑诞生；选项 B 说它与电脑同时出现，与时间链相反。

• C)与原文相反

  is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education 把信念落到 computer-education advocates 头上，但原文恰恰说倡导者 forsake this optimistic notion——他们抛弃了这种信念；选项与原文事实相反，且 minds of computer-education 短语本身残缺不完整。

• D)✓ 正确
  • With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated↔originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries

  预判要求「信念源自工业化国家的乐观」，选项 D 在「源自」「乐观」「工业化国家」三处都与定位句对位。

It could be inferred from the passage that 明确要求做推断，不是直接照搬原文。

Q21 是套了一层 it could be inferred from the passage that 的复合陈述句，主语从句为「the European model of professional training is ___」。is 后跟选项做表语；in the author's country 是介词短语状语，限定讨论域是作者本国，不是欧洲本土。

• A)无中生有

  原文只说 Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on，描述欧洲做法的时间安排，并未说这种模式的好坏「取决于」候选人的起始年龄；选项把描述性「早开始」偷换为条件性「取决于年龄」。

• B)与原文相反

  原文用 presumptuous + unlikely to produce 两次否定，明确该模式套到本国不可行；选项 worth trying in various social sections 反向给出积极建议，与作者立场完全相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours↔of little practical value
  • It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants↔of little practical value

  从 unlikely to produce 与 presumptuous 两个否定信号，一步推论可以得到「这种模式在本国实际价值不大」，正好对应 C。

• D)与原文相反

  原文恰恰说 this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional——并不能产出各类专业人才所需数量；选项 attractive to every kind of professional 反过来说它对各类专业人士都有吸引力，方向相反。

basic computer skills should be 锁定一个具体对象，要求复述作者对它的定性，可由末段定位句直接读出。

Q22 是不完整陈述句，主干是 basic computer skills should be ___；should be 后接选项作表语补足语。According to the author 是介词短语状语，再次强调立场归属是作者本人。

• A)✓ 正确
  • basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills↔included as an auxiliary course in school
  • no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose↔included as an auxiliary course in school

  预判要求「辅助性质」，选项 A 用 auxiliary course 承接 complementary、用 in school 承接末段对学校的回收，两端精准对位。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 only complementary 明确把基础计算机技能压成「辅助」，选项 highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications 反过来说要在获取专业资格时「重点强调」，方向完全相反。

• C)与原文相反

  原文明说 It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs 与 Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn，强调「两三个月就够」；选项 C 反过来说「需要终身课程」，与原文完全相反。

• D)偷换概念

  原文末句 no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose 说的是「不论是不是职业学校，搞乱目的都没好处」——主张「分清目的」；选项 equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise 偷换为「任何学校都应同等强调电脑技能」，从「分清目的」滑到了「不分目的同等对待」，与原文方向相反。