1999年 考研英语（旧卷）阅读理解（四选一） 第 5 篇 · 27–30 题答案与解析

题干 The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that 明确问举例的目的，是典型的例证目的题特征。

主干是 The author wants to prove ... that____，that 引导宾语从句作 prove 的宾语，空格填的是从句内容；with the example of Isaac Newton 是方式状语，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments↔inquiring minds
  • depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds↔are more important than scientific experiments

  A 项把段首论点句的两端（inquiring minds 对应 preparedness of the minds，scientific experiments 对应 experiments it prepares）以同样的比较结构呈现，正是预判的等价表达。

• B)替换关键变量制造偷换

  science advances when fruitful researches are conducted 把作者论点偷换成"只要做了富有成果的研究，科学就进步"，跟原文"靠头脑有准备"完全是两条因果链；牛顿例子里成功的不是"做了多少实验"，而是"带着疑问观察"。

• C)正话反说

  C 项说 scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research——科学家很少忘掉研究的本质；但 P2 明确说 Scientists tend to forget this，方向完全相反。

• D)凭空造比较

  unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research 凭空在 unpredictability 和 prediction 之间制造一个轻重比较，原文虽提到 Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research，但根本未与 prediction 做"轻重"对比，更何况方向也与作者真实立场相反。

题干 The author asserts that 问的是作者直接说了什么，不要求推断，是细节题中的作者观点直陈类。

The author asserts that____ 中 that 引导宾语从句作 asserts 的宾语，空格补全的是宾语从句的内容；句式简单，无修饰陷阱。

• A)替换方向倒置

  shouldn't replace "scientific method" with imaginative thought 反了：原文 they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought 批评的是科学家用"科学方法"取代想象力——作者其实希望多一点想象力，而不是相反；A 项却让科学家不要用想象力取代科学方法，完全颠倒。

• B)✓ 正确
  • Scientists tend to forget this↔shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
  • Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research↔speculate on unpredictable things

  B 项把"科学家容易忘记不可预测性"这一作者负面评价转为"科学家不该忽视对不可预测之事的推测"，方向与作者立场一致，覆盖了定位句的核心。

• C)建议词偷换

  原文从未让科学家写得 more concise，只批评他们写得 cut and dried（千篇一律、过于工整）；concise 是"简明"，与 cut and dried 不同语义场，是凭空建议。

• D)立场反转

  should be confident about their research findings 让科学家对自己的研究发现更自信——但作者整篇都在批评科学家过度自信、把不确定的东西写得井井有条；让他们再更自信，与作者立场完全相反。

题干 It seems that some young scientists 用 seems 表示作者并非直陈而是引出推论，是典型推断题信号。

It seems that some young scientists____ 是 It seems that 引导的主语从句结构，空格补的是 that 从句中科学家做什么；some 限定 young scientists，注意"部分"含义，不要扩为全部。

• A)把回避项写成兴趣项

  have a keen interest in prediction 说年轻科学家对预测有浓厚兴趣，但原文 The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate 表明他们对推测/预测避之不及，立场完全相反。

• B)凭常识反向选

  often speculate on the future 说他们经常推测未来，但原文反复显示他们一被要求 speculate 就 shocked，是相反的群体行为。

• C)把贬抑项写成褒扬项

  think highly of creative thinking 说他们高度推崇创造性思维，但原文明说他们把"科学方法"当作 a substitute for imaginative thought——用流程取代想象，正是不推崇想象/创造性思维。

• D)✓ 正确
  • they find the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought↔stick to "scientific method"
  • the data are still inconclusive↔stick to "scientific method"

  当"科学方法"被当作"想象"的替代，意味着他们只用"科学方法"，正是 stick to 的含义；再结合段末 shocked at having even been asked to speculate 进一步坐实。

The author implies that the results of scientific research____ 中 implies 是推断题的硬信号，要求从字面背后读出作者立场。

The author implies that the results of scientific research____ 中 that 引导宾语从句，空格补的是从句谓语部分；the results of scientific research 是从句主语，注意作者用的是 implies 而非 says——答案不在字面而在弦外之音。

• A)✓ 正确
  • research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents↔may not be as profitable as they are expected
  • Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research↔may not be as profitable as they are expected

  作者把 results measurable in dollars and cents 写成管理层"合乎逻辑"的期望，本意是讽刺它建立在错误前提上；故作者实际暗示是 may not be as profitable as they are expected。

• B)原文照搬陷阱

  can be measured in dollars and cents 直接把原文反讽的话当作作者主张照搬，可衡量正是被作者讽刺的天真期望，不是作者真实立场。

• C)主语错位

  rely on conformity to a standard pattern 说科研结果依赖于"墨守成规"——但原文 regularity and conformity to a standard pattern 描述的是"科学家写论文呈现的姿态"，并非科研结果本身依赖于此；把"写作风格"算到"结果"头上是张冠李戴。

• D)正话反说+程度词陷阱

  are mostly underestimated by management 说成果"大多被管理层低估"，但原文相反——管理层是被科学家自己骗得期望过高（has convinced industrial and business management that they are true），是"高估"而非"低估"。