2015年6月英语四级第1套真题句子解析： There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar—the computer-animation(动画制作) studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up."

but Mr. Hal Gregersen says

"but Mr. Hal Gregersen says" 由逗号标示，插入在主句 "There is no conclusive proof" 和真正的宾语从句 "it is unlikely..." 之间，作为说话人的评注性插入语，可以拎走而不影响核心句法结构 "There is no conclusive proof it is unlikely..."。

it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing

"it" 在 "it is unlikely that..." 结构中充当形式主语，真正的主语是后置的 "that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing..." 从句。这是形式主语的标准用法：it + be + 形容词 + that 从句。

it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar—the computer-animation(动画制作) studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies

主句层（"it is unlikely"）→ 第一层that从句（"that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped..."）→ 第二层as从句（"as he has done..."）→ 第三层定语从句（"that created..."修饰studio）。存在至少三层嵌套：宾语从句内部包含方式状语从句，同时介词宾语Pixar的同位语中又嵌套定语从句，形成从句套从句的深层结构。

the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar—the computer-animation(动画制作) studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up."

介词 "without" 的宾语中心词 "the experience" 与其应紧邻的修饰成分之间，被长同位语 "especially at Pixar—the computer-animation studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as 'Toy Story' and 'Up.'" 大幅隔开。该同位语包含多层修饰（定语从句+举例），使得中心词与其核心修饰关系的识别被延后，造成主干定位困难。

especially at Pixar—the computer-animation(动画制作) studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up."

"the computer-animation studio that created..." 是 "Pixar" 的同位语，由破折号标示，对 "Pixar" 进行解释说明，打断了主干 "the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar"，是典型的同位语插入结构。

it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing

本句主干为 "it is unlikely that从句",其中 it 为形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的从句 "Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing"。

形容词 unlikely 表达对从句内容的可能性判断,that 从句使用陈述语气(could have done 是情态完成体,表虚拟或推测,但仍属陈述语气范畴,非 should 型虚拟)。

识别形式主语结构的核心标志:it 无实义指代 + be动词 + 形容词/名词 + that从句/不定式,其中 it 只起语法占位作用,后置的从句或不定式才是句子真正讨论的对象。

本句若改写为 "That Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing is unlikely",语义不变但头重脚轻,形式主语 it 的作用就是让句子结构平衡。

常见形容词搭配:important, necessary, possible, clear, obvious, certain, likely, unlikely 等后接 that 从句;essential, vital, crucial 等后接 that 从句时常用 should 虚拟语气。

与强调句区分:强调句去掉 "it is/was...that" 后句子完整且语义基本不变;形式主语句去掉 "it is/was" 后缺少主语,且丢失形容词的评价功能。

could have reshaped

本句中 "could have reshaped" 是典型的 "情态动词 + have + 过去分词" 结构,表达与过去事实相反的虚拟假设。

语义解读:"Mr. Jobs 本可以重塑计算领域之外的行业(但实际需要某些条件)",暗含 "如果没有在苹果之外的经历,他可能无法做到" 的虚拟对比。

could have done 的核心用法:表示过去有能力做但未做,或在假设条件下过去本可能发生但实际未发生的情况,常用于虚拟语气或对过去的推测。

与其他情态完成体的区分:must have done(对过去的肯定推测)、should have done(本应做却未做,带责备意味)、would have done(在某条件下会发生)、might have done(过去可能发生)。

识别要点:情态动词后必须是 have + 过去分词,若 have 是实义动词 "拥有",如 "You should have a rest",则不属于本知识点。

本句中 could have reshaped 处于 that 从句的否定陈述中(unlikely that...could have),进一步强化了虚拟假设的语境:在特定条件缺失下,过去的成就可能无法实现。