2016年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? 中 mainly discuss + in the passage 一起把范围拉到全篇。

What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? 是常规特殊疑问句，主语 the author、谓语 discuss、宾语就是疑问词 what；mainly 作状语修饰 discuss。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices 谈油价为何会跌，原文从头到尾都把油价下跌当作「已发生事件」讨论其后果，从未解释其原因。

• B)偷换概念

  Possible ways to stimulate the global economy 暗示文章在列举刺激经济的方法，但原文核心是辩论「便宜油价到底能否或多大程度刺激」，不是给方法清单。

• C)✓ 正确
  • falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy↔The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth
  • the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil↔The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth

  C 的两个语义节点 impact + global economic growth 同时命中正方段、反方段、解释段；其他三项要么只覆盖局部，要么偏到全文未谈的话题。

• D)以偏概全

  The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending 只覆盖 P2 与 P7 谈消费者那一面，遗漏 P3 至 P5 谈产油国储备金、Weinberg 论断、P6 谈全球占比等大部分内容。

Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy? 问的是 experts 持该观点的具体原因，属可定位的细节。

Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy? 主句 Why do some experts believe + 宾语从句 cheap oil will stimulate the global economy。注意 believe 后的从句省略了 that，basic 考生要识别 cheap oil will stimulate... 整句是 believe 的内容，不是题干在断言事实。

• A)无中生有

  Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost 把受益主体从「消费者」偏到了「制造商」，且原文未提任何制造成本的内容。

• B)与原文相反

  Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy 中的 always 与 In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost 仅限定「过去」相矛盾；且全文核心正是要说明「这次不一样」，B 与全文走向相反。

• C)答非所问

  Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change 谈的是「经济规律不变」这种抽象命题，与 Why 所问的具体理由毫无关系；且原文从未论述 economic laws。

• D)✓ 正确
  • They spend that money on other things↔Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities
  • which stimulates the economy↔will stimulate the global economy

  预判句「消费者把油价省下的钱花到别处」与 Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities 逐字对应，无须再比较即可锁定。

What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down? 问产油国在油价下跌时做了什么，属可定位的具体动作。

What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down? 主句 What happens + 地点状语 in many oil-exporting countries + 时间状语从句 when oil prices go down。三层都简单，注意 happens 是不及物动词，主语就是 what。

• A)过度推断

  They suspend import of necessities from overseas 中 suspend import 与 necessities 都未在 P3 出现；P5 只提到 oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to，是「减少进口」不是「暂停」，且不限定「必需品」。

• B)无中生有

  They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices 提到 reduce production 与 boost oil prices，但原文从头到尾未谈产油国主动减产抬价。

• C)✓ 正确
  • they will draw on their reserves↔They use their money reserves
  • to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers↔to back up consumption

  预判中「动用储备金」「支持消费」两个核心成分在 They use their money reserves to back up consumption 中均有对应；其他选项均不含「储备金」这一核心要素。

• D)张冠李戴

  They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall 把 In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall 这个无储备国家的反例当成「产油国」的通行做法，张冠李戴。

How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge? 问某具名专家对具体事件的看法，原文会直接给出 Weinberg 的论断。

How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge? view 在此是动词「看待」，不是名词「景观」；这是熟词僻义考点，basic 考生易先想到「风景」而误读题意。

• A)无中生有

  It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history 称这次暴跌「经济史上无先例」，原文 Weinberg 只比较负正面影响的大小，从未将其与历史上其他次暴跌比较。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil↔Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects

  预判句「负面盖过正面」与 Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects 在语义节点上一一对应，唯一变化是把 overwhelm 改成 more than cancel out。

• C)与原文相反

  It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy 说仍可能繁荣，与 negative effects... are overwhelming the positive effects 直接矛盾。

• D)答非所问

  Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws 把话题岔到「违反经济规律」，原文 Weinberg 谈的是影响大小，不是规律本身。

Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before? 与开篇 falling oil prices have given a boost 与 recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down 的对比相呼应，原文必有解释。

Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before? 现在完成时否定 + 比较状语从句 as they did before。as 在这里是「像...一样」的方式从句引导词，did 是助动词代指 boosted，basic 考生易把 as 误读成「作为」或「当」。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump↔People are not spending all the money they save on gas
  • the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest↔People are not spending all the money they save on gas

  预判「消费者把钱攥住了」= not spending all the money——同样是「省了但没花光」的语义；其余三项均偏离这一核心。

• B)过度推断

  The global economy is likely to undergo another recession 把全文论题「经济为何没被刺激起来」偷换为「是否会陷入新衰退」；原文仅提到 the memory of the recent great recession 作为消费者谨慎的「心理原因」，并未预测会有 another recession。

• C)偷换概念

  Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy 把 more countries are big oil producers now 偷换成「oil importers 占比更大」——原文是 producers 占比更大，二者主体反了。

• D)无中生有

  People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices 编造了「全世界人害怕油价再跌」，原文从未提到 fear 或 a further plunge。