2016年12月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：8 篇录音各自先给 共 1683 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 6 · B 7 · C 6 · D 6。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语四级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2016年12月·第1套 英语四级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
A 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations. On Sunday, the castle's owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out of his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river, according to the Scottish Daily Record.
苏格兰一座16世纪的城堡在洪水冲走大块土壤后濒临倒塌，其地基受到威胁。据《苏格兰每日纪事报》报道,周日,城堡主人、76岁的约翰·戈登被迫搬离其房产,此前迪河冲走了约60英尺的土地,使城堡危险地靠近河流。
Abergeldie Castle, located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly. The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday. "This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer," the environmental agency said.
位于苏格兰阿伯丁郡的阿伯geldie城堡由米德马尔的亚历山大·戈登爵士建造,他后来成为亨特利伯爵。这座占地11700英亩的城堡在1848年至1970年间租给了王室成员,包括爱德华七世国王和乔治五世。苏格兰环境保护局已发布超过35项洪水警告,覆盖多个地区,苏格兰在上周三遭弗兰克风暴袭击后仍在继续清理工作。该环境机构表示:"这意味着河流水位上升会更慢,但随后会在高位维持更长时间。"
Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie Castle?
John Gordon 为什么搬出 Abergeldie Castle?
- A) 住在里面很危险。
- B) 它将要被翻新。
- C) 他再也付不起租金了。
- D) 他已经把它卖给了王室。
On Sunday, the castle's owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out of his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river.
周日，这座城堡 76 岁的主人约翰·戈登被迫搬离自己的房产，此前迪河冲走了约 60 英尺的土地，使城堡危险地紧贴河水。
被迫搬离 + after 引出原因。信号是 was forced to move out 这个"被迫搬走"的动作，紧跟其后的 after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river 就是原因。Why 题的答案句几乎总在"动作 + after/because/leaving"这种因果结构里。
- leaving the castle dangerously close to the riverIt was dangerous to live in."危险地紧贴河水"="住着危险"
- close to collapsingIt was dangerous to live in."濒临崩塌"印证"住着危险"
- B)未提及It was going to be renovated. 说房子要翻修，可录音里只字未提翻修，搬走是因为危险不是为了装修，属凭空捏造。
- C)原词陷阱He could no longer pay the rent. 说他付不起房租。但录音说他是城堡的 owner（the castle's owner John Gordon，主人），不是租客；而且第2段提到城堡曾 leased to members of the royal family（租给皇室），"租"字在录音里确实出现过，容易让人误以为和租金有关。其实那是历史上皇室租用，与他搬走的原因毫无关系。
借用原文：leased to members of the royal family
- D)原词陷阱He had sold it to the royal family. 说他把城堡卖给了皇室。royal family 是录音里真念到的扎眼词（leased to members of the royal family），极易诱选；但原文说的是历史上"租给"皇室、不是"卖给"，而且他现在仍是 owner（the castle's owner John Gordon），根本没卖。盗用原词又把"租"偷换成"卖"。
借用原文：leased to members of the royal family
What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
上周三苏格兰发生了什么?
- A) 罢工。
- B) 暴风雨。
- C) 森林大火。
- D) 恐怖袭击。
The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.
苏格兰环境保护署已发布超过 35 条覆盖多个地区的洪水预警，因为苏格兰仍在清理上周三"弗兰克"风暴袭击该国后的残局。
时间锚 last Wednesday 紧贴事件名 Storm Frank。信号是时间点 last Wednesday 与紧挨着的 Storm Frank hit the country。题目问"上周三发生了什么"，录音里把 last Wednesday 和 Storm 放在同一句，时间一对上，事件名就是答案。
- Storm Frank hit the country last WednesdayA storm."弗兰克风暴袭击"="一场风暴"
- A)未提及A strike. 说发生了罢工，但录音通篇是洪水、风暴，没有任何罢工内容。它和 storm 读音、场景都易让紧张的考生混选，实则录音根本没说。
- C)未提及A forest fire. 说森林大火，可录音讲的是 flood warnings（洪水预警）和风暴，满篇是水不是火，事件性质完全相反，排除。
- D)未提及A terrorist attack. 说恐怖袭击，录音里完全没有任何相关内容，是分量很重却凭空出现的干扰，专诱紧张乱选，排除。
Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch, public information officer with Tompkins County's emergency response department. Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio, and they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department's assistant director.
据Tompkins County应急响应部门公共信息官Marcia Lynch称,周四上午,救援工作正在进行,以营救17名被困在纽约州Lansing附近Cargill岩盐矿井地下电梯中的矿工。应急部门助理主任Jessica Verfuss表示,应急人员已通过无线电与矿工取得联系,他们似乎都没有受伤。
Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available. The mine, along New York's Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States. The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.
Verfuss说,救援人员已设法向矿工提供了加热包和毯子,以便他们在救援行动期间保持温暖。关于工人被困电梯的原因的细节尚未公布。该矿位于纽约州Cayuga湖沿岸,加工用于道路处理的盐。它生产约200万吨盐,运往美国东北部1500多个地方。这座岩盐矿是Cargill运营的三座矿井之一,另外两座分别位于Louisiana和Ohio。
What does the news report say about the salt miners?
新闻报道中关于盐矿工人说了什么?
- A) 他们与应急部门失去了联系。
- B) 他们被困在地下电梯里。
- C) 他们被突然落下的岩石砸伤。
- D) 他们通过便携式无线电发送了求救信号。
Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York.
周四上午，针对 17 名被困于纽约州兰辛市附近 Cargill 岩盐矿井下电梯里的矿工，救援工作正在展开。
新闻首句即交代主体事件。新闻报道的命脉在开篇第一句。本篇开头 Rescue efforts were underway 紧接着就说明矿工 who were stuck in an elevator below ground，这就是"谁出了什么事"的事件交代句，第 3 题的答案就藏在这里。
- stuck in an elevator below groundtrapped in an underground elevatorstuck=trapped、below ground=underground 同义替换
- A)与原文相反录音说应急人员 Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio——是"取得了联系"。A 却说 lost contact with the emergency department（失去联系），盗用了 contact 这个原词，方向却完全相反。听到 contact 就选 A，正中圈套。
借用原文：made contact with the miners via a radio
- C)与原文相反录音明说 they all appear to be uninjured——"看上去都没受伤"。C 却说 injured by suddenly falling rocks（被落石砸伤）。它盗用了 injured 这个词根，却漏掉了前缀 un- 的否定，且"落石"全文从未提及，是与原文相反 + 无中生有的叠加。
借用原文：they all appear to be uninjured
- D)张冠李戴录音里 radio 出现在 Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio——是"救援人员"通过无线电联系矿工。D 却说 They sent calls for help via a portable radio，把"发出求救"安到了矿工（They）头上，主体和动作都错位了。这是典型"听到 radio 就想选"的原词陷阱。
借用原文：made contact with the miners via a radio
What did the rescue team do?
救援队做了什么?
- A) 他们努力修理电梯。
- B) 他们公布了事故的详细情况。
- C) 他们送去了供给品以保持矿工温暖。
- D) 他们为矿工提供了食物和水。
Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said.
工作人员设法给矿工送去了暖宝宝和毛毯，好让他们在救援过程中保持温暖，Verfuss 说道。
顺序播报到第二段讲救援动作。新闻题与播报同序：第 3 题答案在第一段事件交代，第 4 题答案顺延到第二段的救援动作句 Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners。听完第一题信息继续往下听，这句就是第 4 题落点。
- provide heat packs and blankets to the minerssent supplies to keep the miners warm暖宝宝毛毯=保暖物资的概括
- so that they can keep warmkeep the miners warm目的状语原义保留
- A)过度推断elevator 在录音第一段出现过（矿工被困其中），A 借这个原词编出 tried hard to repair the elevator（努力修电梯）。但全文从没说救援队修电梯，是听到 elevator 就联想"被困要修"的过度推断。
借用原文：stuck in an elevator below ground
- B)与原文相反录音明说 Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available——事故细节"暂时无法获知"。B 却说 released the details of the accident（公布了细节），盗用 details 一词，意思恰好相反。
借用原文：Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available
- D)偷换概念录音送的是 heat packs and blankets（保暖物资），D 却说 provided the miners with food and water（食物和水）。provided the miners 句式与原文极像，只把"暖宝宝毛毯"偷换成"食物饮水"——这正是预读时标记的"C、D 两项靠得很近"的陷阱。
借用原文：provide heat packs and blankets to the miners
The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.
美国邮政服务今天宣布，由于收入下降，它正在考虑在明年关闭约3,700个邮局。
Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post offices is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually. "We are losing revenue as we speak," Donahoe said. "We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices."
面对今年83亿美元的预算赤字,关闭邮局是邮政服务最近提出的削减成本的几项提议之一。例如,上周邮政总局局长Pat Donahoe宣布计划停止周六的邮件投递,他表示此举每年可节省30亿美元。"我们正在失去收入,"Donahoe说。"我们不想要纳税人的钱。我们想要自给自足。所以就像任何其他企业一样,你必须做出选择。"
Dean Granholm, the vice president for delivery and post office operations, said the first wave of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.
负责投递和邮局运营的副总裁Dean Granholm表示,第一波关闭将于今年秋季开始。他估计约3,000名邮政局长、500名站点经理以及500到1,000名邮政职员可能会失去工作。
What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?
美国邮政服务计划做什么?
- A) 提高邮资费率。
- B) 改善其服务。
- C) 重新设计投递路线。
- D) 关闭其部分邮局。
The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.
美国邮政署今天宣布，由于收入下滑，它正考虑在未来一年内关闭约 3,700 个邮局。
开头首句即点题。新闻第一句 The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices 就是答案句——四级新闻报道第一题答案常落在开头第一两句，announced 后面紧跟的就是核心决定。
- considering closing about 3,700 post officesClose some of its post offices.具体数字概括为 some
- A)未提及Raise postage rates. 看似与邮政、钱有关，但录音从未说要涨邮资；省钱用的是关邮局和停周六送信，涨价是考生自己补的常识，属未提及。
- B)与原文相反Improve its services. 与录音相反：邮政是在亏损中削减（关邮局、停送信），是收缩而非改善服务，方向正好反了。
- C)原词陷阱Redesign delivery routes. 借用了录音里反复出现的 delivery（如 stop mail delivery on Saturdays）来制造“听到 delivery 就想选”的诱惑，但录音说的是停止周六送信，从没说重新设计投递路线，答非所问。
借用原文：stop mail delivery on Saturdays
What measure has been planned to save costs?
计划采取什么措施来节省成本?
- A) 缩短营业时间。
- B) 在节假日关闭办公场所。
- C) 停止周六的邮件投递。
- D) 将邮件分拣过程电脑化。
Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.
比如上周，邮政署长帕特·多纳霍宣布了周六停止邮件投递的计划，他说这一举措每年可节省 30 亿美元。
save 信号词带出措施。答案句尾的 a move he says could save $3 billion annually 里的 save 正是省钱信号，紧贴它前面的 stop mail delivery on Saturdays 就是省钱措施本身——听到 save 就回锁前一句的动作。
- stop mail delivery on SaturdaysStopping mail delivery on Saturdays.动词原形转动名词，措辞基本一致
- A)未提及Shortening business hours. 是合理的节流联想，但录音提到的省钱措施只有关邮局和周六停送信，没说要缩短营业时间，属考生自行脑补。
- B)原词陷阱Closing offices on holidays. 借用了录音里 closing post offices 的 closing 与 offices（见 closing about 3,700 post offices）来勾人，但录音说的是永久关掉一些邮局，不是节假日关门，偷换了概念。
借用原文：closing about 3,700 post offices
- D)未提及Computerizing mall sorting processes. 录音里完全没有提及分拣电脑化，与本则新闻的关邮局、停周六送信都无关，是凭对邮政的想象造出来的干扰。
What will happen when the proposed measure comes into effect?
当提议的措施生效时会发生什么?
- A) 许多邮局员工将失去工作。
- B) 许多人将开始抱怨。
- C) 纳税人将会非常高兴。
- D) 将会出现很多争议。
He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.
他估计约有 3,000 名邮局局长、500 名站点经理以及 500 至 1,000 名邮政职员可能会失业。
estimated + could lose 给出后果估计。末段 He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs 用 estimated 和 could lose 明确给出措施带来的将来后果，是典型的后果估计句。
- about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobsMany post office staff will lose their jobs.多类岗位列举概括为 staff，数字概括为 many
- B)未提及Many people will begin to complain. 是对关邮局的合理想象，但录音只谈到了员工失业，从没提公众会抱怨，属未提及。
- C)原词陷阱Taxpayers will be very pleased. 借用了录音里 We do not want taxpayer money 的 taxpayer 来引诱，但录音只说邮政不想要纳税人的钱，从没说纳税人会很高兴，方向被改成了正面情绪，既盗词又与文意相反。
借用原文：We do not want taxpayer money
- D)未提及A lot of controversy will arise. 听起来像关邮局的自然结果，但录音通篇只给出失业的估计，没有提到会引发争议，属未提及。
M: Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.
M: Hampton女士,今天早上印刷车间出了点问题。
W: Oh dear. What about?
W: 哦天哪,什么事?
M: One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.
M: 有个印刷机操作员迟到了一个半小时。
W: But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system.
W: 但这是很简单的事啊。他的工资会被扣掉一部分。这就是我们有打卡系统的原因。
M: But the point is the man was clocked in at 8 o'clock. We have John standing by the time clock, and he swears he saw nothing irregular.
M: 但问题是这个人8点钟就打过卡了。我们让John守在考勤钟旁边,他发誓说没看到任何异常。
W: Is John reliable?
W: John可靠吗?
M: Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job.
M: 是的,他很可靠。这就是我们选他做这份工作的原因。
W: Have you spoken to the man who was late?
W: 你跟那个迟到的人谈过了吗?
M: Not yet. I thought I'd have a word with you first. He's a difficult man, and I think there's been some trouble on the shop floor. I've got a feeling that the trade union representative is behind this. The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.
M: 还没有。我想先跟您谈谈。他是个很难对付的人,我觉得车间里可能出了些问题。我有种感觉,工会代表在背后搞鬼。经理告诉我Jack Green这几天在车间里特别活跃。
W: Well, what do you want me to do?
W: 那你想让我做什么?
M: I was wondering if you'd see Smith—the man who was late—because you are so much better at handling things like this.
M: 我在想您能不能见见Smith——就是那个迟到的人——因为您处理这类事情要在行得多。
W: Oh, alright. I'll see him. I must say I agree with you about there being bad feelings in the works. I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble. Well, I'll get the manager to send Smith up here.
W: 好吧,我去见他。我得说我同意你关于工厂里有不良情绪的看法。我一段时间以来一直觉得Jack Green在最近的加薪要求上煽风点火。他总是想制造麻烦。好,我会让经理把Smith叫到这儿来。
What will happen to the press operator who was late for work according to the woman?
根据女士的说法,迟到的印刷机操作员会怎样?
- A) 他将无法获得晋升。
- B) 他将接受再培训。
- C) 他将受到警告。
- D) 他将失去部分工资。
But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system.
可那是件很简单的事。他不过是会被扣掉一部分工资罢了。我们装打卡系统就是为了这个。
女方对迟到事件的直接定性应答。男方刚说有人迟到，女方紧接着给出处置说法 He will simply lose part of his pay.——这是被告知问题方的"直接应答"，对话题里答案就落在应答这一句；simply（不过是）还点出这是常规处理，正是该题要的后果。
- He will simply lose part of his pay.He will lose part of his pay.去掉 simply 后几乎原义保留
- A)未提及选项 He will be kept from promotion. 说的"挡住升迁"录音里根本没出现，是凭"违纪可能影响升职"的常识硬编的，属无中生有。
- B)未提及He will go through retraining. 的"再培训"录音中没有任何对应，靠"犯错就该培训"的想当然填上，属无中生有。
- C)未提及He will be given a warning. 的"给予警告"也没在录音出现；女方明确说的是扣薪，不是警告，这项是用另一种常见处分来混淆。
What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?
男士对站在考勤钟旁边的John有何评价?
- A) 他总是很准时。
- B) 他是一个值得信赖的人。
- C) 他是一名经验丰富的印刷机操作员。
- D) 他与同事关系很好。
W: Is John reliable? M: Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job.
女：John 可靠吗？男：是的，他可靠。所以我们才选他干这活。
一问一答·男方对"是否可靠"的肯定应答。女方直接发问 Is John reliable?，男方答 Yes, he is. 并补一句选他干活的理由——这是典型的一问一答，答案就在男方对 reliable 的肯定上。问句里的 reliable 是听音路标。
- Is John reliable?He is a trustworthy guy.reliable = trustworthy 同义替换
- A)原词陷阱He is always on time. 借了 John 守在 the time clock（打卡机）旁的场景，让人误以为在夸他"准时"。但 John 是"监督打卡的人"，不是被考勤的对象，录音从没说他准时，这是用打卡这个原词场景设的陷阱。
借用原文：We have John standing by the time clock
- C)张冠李戴He is an experienced press operator. 里的 press operator 确实在录音出现过 One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.，但那是指"迟到的那名操作工"，不是 John；选项把别人的身份安到 John 头上。
借用原文：One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.
- D)未提及He is on good terms with his workmates. 说 John 和同事关系好，录音里完全没谈 John 的人际关系，是凭"可靠的人大概人缘也好"的过度联想加上去的。
Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?
男士为什么建议女士去见那位迟到的工人?
- A) 她是工会代表。
- B) 她负责公共关系。
- C) 她是车间的高级管理人员。
- D) 她更擅长处理此类事务。
I was wondering if you'd see Smith—the man who was late—because you are so much better at handling things like this.
我在想可不可以请你去见见 Smith——就是那个迟到的人——因为这类事你处理得比我在行得多。
because 引出的直接原因。男方提出请女方去见 Smith，紧跟 because you are so much better at handling things like this——because 是最硬的原因信号，它后面那句就是"为什么找她"的答案。
- you are so much better at handling things like thisShe is better at handling such matters.人称转换 + things=matters 同义
- A)原词陷阱She is a trade union representative. 里的 trade union representative 录音确实念过 I've got a feeling that the trade union representative is behind this.，但那是指 Jack Green 这个搅事的工会代表，绝非女方 Hampton 太太；选项盗这个词制造"听到就想选"的诱惑。
借用原文：the trade union representative is behind this
- B)未提及She is in charge of public relations. 说她管公关，录音从没交代女方的职务是公关，是凭"善于处理矛盾≈做公关"的联想编的，无中生有。
- C)原词陷阱She is a senior manager of the shop. 借了录音多次出现的 manager 一词，但录音里 the manager 指的是另一个负责叫 Smith 上来的人，并未说女方是高管；况且本题问的是"为什么找她"，答身份也答非所问。
借用原文：The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.
What does the woman say about Jack Green?
女士对Jack Green有何评价?
- A) 他技术熟练且经验丰富。
- B) 他与经理关系很近。
- C) 他总是试图挑起事端。
- D) 他总是抱怨工资太低。
I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble.
我一直觉得 Jack Green 围绕最近这次加薪要求一直在忙着煽风点火。他这人总爱惹是生非。
女方明确的负面评判语气。女方亲口说 He's always trying to make trouble.，配合前一句 stirring things up（煽动闹事），是直白的负面评价，语气信号清晰——这正是态度题要抓的"评价性用词"。
- He's always trying to make trouble.He is always trying to stir up trouble.make trouble = stir up trouble 同义
- A)与原文相反He is skilled and experienced. 是正面评价，而女方对 Jack Green 全是负面定性（搅事、惹麻烦），方向相反；录音也没说他技术如何，属凭空拔高。
- B)原词陷阱He is very close to the manager. 借了录音里 The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active… 中 manager 与 Jack Green 同句出现的表象，让人误以为两人关系近；其实那只是经理在向男方汇报 Jack Green 的动向，没说二人关系密切。
借用原文：The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.
- D)原词陷阱He is always complaining about low wages. 借了录音 in connection with the latest wage claim 里的"工资"话题，但录音说的是 Jack Green"借加薪要求搞事"，不是"他自己抱怨工资低"；选项把"借工资议题煽动"偷换成"个人抱怨低薪"。
借用原文：Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim
W: Our topic today is about something that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's "Why are the British so cold?" And they're talking about the British personality—the famous British "reserve". It means that we aren't very friendly… we aren't very open.
W: 我们今天的话题是关于外国人访问英国时几乎总会说的一件事。就是"为什么英国人这么冷漠?"他们说的是英国人的性格——著名的英国式"矜持"。意思是我们不太友好……我们不太开放。
M: So do you think it's true?
M: 那你觉得这是真的吗?
W: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly…
W: 这挺难说的。很多访问英国的人都说很难和英国人交朋友。他们说我们冷漠、矜持、不友好……
M: I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel. People—I mean strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train, or the bus. Not in London, anyway.
M: 我觉得是真的。看看美国人或澳大利亚人。他们说同样的语言,但他们开放得多。你旅行的时候就能看出来。人们——我是说陌生人——会在街上或火车上跟你说话。英国人很少在火车上或公交车上说话。至少在伦敦不会。
W: "Not in London". That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.
W: "在伦敦不会"。就是这样。首都城市到处都是游客,从来都不友好。在国家其他地方人们就不一样了。
M: Not completely. I met a woman once, an Italian. She'd been working in Manchester for two years, and no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else. She couldn't believe it. She said that would never happen in Italy.
M: 也不完全是。我曾经遇到一个女士,意大利人。她在曼彻斯特工作了两年,没有一个人——她的同事中没有一个——曾经邀请她去他们家。他们在工作中对她很友好,但仅此而已。她简直不敢相信。她说在意大利绝不会发生这种事。
W: You know what they say—"an Englishman's home is his castle." It's really difficult to get inside.
W: 你知道他们怎么说的——"英国人的家就是他的城堡"。真的很难进去。
M: Yeah. It's about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It's your place.
M: 是啊。这关乎隐私。你回到自己的房子和花园,然后关上门。这是你的地盘。
W: That's why the British don't like flats. They prefer to live in houses.
W: 所以英国人不喜欢公寓。他们更喜欢住在独立屋里。
M: That's true.
M: 没错。
What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman?
根据这位女士的说法,外国人通常认为英国人怎么样?
- A) 开放
- B) 友好
- C) 自私
- D) 矜持
It's "Why are the British so cold?" And they're talking about the British personality—the famous British "reserve". It means that we aren't very friendly… we aren't very open.
他们会问『英国人为什么这么冷淡？』他们说的是英国人的性格——著名的英国式『矜持』。意思是我们不太友好……不太开放。
女士开篇转述外国人原话。女士一开口就转述外国人常说的话 Why are the British so cold?，并归纳为 the famous British "reserve"，这是对『外国人怎么看』的直接概括，是答案信号所在。
- the famous British "reserve"Reserved.名词 reserve 转形容词 reserved
- we aren't very friendly… we aren't very openReserved.否定友好/开放=矜持
- A)与原文相反录音说 we aren't very open（不太开放），是带否定的；选项 Open. 直接盗用 open 这个原词却把否定抹掉，正好说反了。
借用原文：we aren't very open
- B)与原文相反录音说 we aren't very friendly（不太友好），选项 Friendly. 盗用 friendly 原词但去掉否定，与录音原意相反。
借用原文：we aren't very friendly
- C)未提及Selfish（自私）在整段录音里没有出现，外国人说的是 cold、reserved，并没说英国人自私，属于无中生有的拔高。
What may British people typically do on a train according to the man?
根据这位男士的说法,英国人在火车上通常会做什么?
- A) 他们保持安静
- B) 他们看书
- C) 他们谈论天气
- D) 他们与同车乘客聊天
People—I mean strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train, or the bus.
陌生人——我是说陌生人——会在街上或火车上跟你搭话。英国人在火车上、公交车上很少说话。
对比+seldom 否定落点。男士先说别国陌生人会在火车上搭话，紧接着用 British people seldom speak on the train 一转，seldom（很少）是含蓄否定，对比之后这句才是答案落点。
- British people seldom speak on the trainThey stay quiet.很少说话=保持安静
- B)未提及read a book（看书）录音里完全没说，男士只说英国人很少讲话，没提他们在火车上看书，属凭常识臆想的无中生有。
- C)未提及talk about the weather 利用『英国人爱聊天气』的刻板印象设套，但本段录音说的是英国人在火车上 seldom speak（很少说话），根本没提天气，属张冠李戴式臆想。
- D)张冠李戴录音 strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train 说的是别国陌生人会攀谈，选项 They chat with fellow passengers. 盗用『在火车上搭话』这层意思，却把它安到英国人头上——而英国人恰恰是很少说话的那方。
借用原文：speak to you on the street or on the train
What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?
这位男士对在Manchester工作的意大利女士说了什么?
- A) 她总是被当作外国人对待
- B) 她渴望参观英国城堡
- C) 她从未被邀请去同事家里
- D) 她不愿意与同事交朋友
She'd been working in Manchester for two years, and no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else.
她在曼彻斯特工作了两年，没有一个人——没有一个同事——曾邀请她去家里。同事们在工作中对她友好，但仅此而已。
no one…ever 强否定落点。男士用 no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their home，no one、not one、ever 三重强调否定，正是要点所在，这种被反复加重的否定就是答案信号。
- no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their homeShe was never invited to a colleague's home.无人曾邀=从未被邀
- A)过度推断treated as a foreigner（被当成外国人）录音没明说，男士说的是同事 friendly to her at work, but nothing else——工作上友好、仅此而已，并未说把她当外人歧视，是从『没被请到家』硬推一步的过度引申。
- B)原词陷阱想参观城堡的说法来自后文女士的谚语 an Englishman's home is his castle，那只是比喻英国人家门难进；选项 She was eager to visit an English castle. 盗用 castle 一词，把比喻当成意大利女子真想去城堡，答非所问。
借用原文：an Englishman's home is his castle
- D)与原文相反录音说的是同事没邀请她（错在同事一方），选项 She was unwilling to make friends with workmates. 却说成是她自己不愿交友（错在她一方），主动方被调了包，与原意相反。
借用原文：no one… had ever invited her to their home
Why do British people prefer houses to flats?
为什么英国人更喜欢房子而不是公寓?
- A) 房子更加安静
- B) 房子提供更多隐私
- C) 他们想要有更多空间
- D) 他们想要有自己的花园
It's about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It's your place.
这关乎拥有私密空间。你回到自己的房子和花园，关上门，那是属于你的地方。
It's about being private 点出动机。男士用 It's about being private 直接点出核心动机，紧接第 9 段女士 That's why the British don't like flats 用 that's why 收束，前因后果连起来，private 就是答案信号。
- It's about being privateHouses provide more privacy.形容词 private 转名词 privacy
- you close the door. It's your placeHouses provide more privacy.关门成专属地=提供隐私
- A)未提及quiet（更安静）录音里没作为偏爱房子的理由提到，男士说的是 being private（私密），安静是凭常识想象添的，无中生有。
- C)未提及want more space（想要更多空间）录音没说，男士给的理由是隐私 being private，而非空间大小，属臆想添加的原因。
- D)原词陷阱录音确实念到 your house and your garden，但 garden 只是『关门独处』场景里的一笔，男士点明的核心理由是 being private；选项 They want a garden of their own. 盗用 garden 这个原词，把陪衬当成了主因，答非所问。
借用原文：your house and your garden
In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part-time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities.
在大学里,时间很稀缺,因此非常宝贵。与此同时,大学的开支增长得出人意料地快。兼职工作是平衡开支的好方法,同时确保有足够的时间留给学业科目和课外活动。
If you are a college student looking for a part-time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you'll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school's careers service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part-time work off-campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part-time jobs, you'll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too.
如果你是一名寻找兼职工作的大学生,开始求职的最佳地点就是校园内。校内有大量的工作机会,而且作为学生,你会自动获得招聘优先权。此外,校内工作省去了通勤时间,并且可能是与大学学术和专业资源建立联系的绝佳方式。咨询学校的职业服务部门或就业办公室以获得帮助寻找校内工作。当然,校外也有兼职工作的机会。如果你花一点时间寻找合适的兼职工作,当你找到一份能让你有足够时间完成学业的工作时,你就会节省时间。
If you are a college student looking for work but worried you won't have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or library monitor. Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It's a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime—which means you'll have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.
如果你是一名寻找工作的大学生,但担心没有足够的时间投入到学业科目中,可以考虑担任自习室或图书馆管理员。职责通常包括监督学习空间以确保保持安静的氛围。这是一份相当轻松的工作,但有很多空闲时间——这意味着你将有充足的时间赶上阅读进度、做作业或为考试复习。
What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?
说话者关于申请校内工作的大学生说了什么?
- A) 他们没有太多工作选择。
- B) 他们有可能获得更高的薪水。
- C) 他们不必经过求职面试。
- D) 他们将自动获得招聘优先权。
There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you'll automatically be given hiring priority.
校内兼职机会很多，而且作为学生，你会自动获得录用优先权。
话题锚词 on-campus 后的直陈句。顺着话题锚词 on-campus job opportunities 听下去，紧接着的直陈句 you'll automatically be given hiring priority 直接说出了"作为学生能得到什么"，这种围着锚词的正面陈述句就是答案句。
- you'll automatically be given hiring priorityThey will automatically be given hiring priority.几乎原句搬运、仅换人称
- A)原词陷阱选项 They don't have much choice of jobs. 借用了通篇都在说的 jobs，但录音说的是 tons of on-campus job opportunities（机会很多），选项却说选择不多，方向正好相反。
借用原文：tons of on-campus job opportunities
- B)They are likely to get much higher pay. 提到的"高工资"录音整段都没说过，谈钱处只有开头 expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly（花销涨得快），与"工资更高"无关，属无中生有。
- C)They don't have to go through job interviews. 里的 interview（面试）在三段录音里一次都没念到，是凭"找工作"常识硬加的细节，属未提及。
What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?
根据说话者的说法,学生可以做什么来找到校内工作?
- A) 向他们的教授寻求帮助。
- B) 查看学校布告栏。
- C) 访问学校就业服务中心。
- D) 浏览校园报纸。
Check with your school's careers service or employment office for help to find a campus job.
向你学校的职业服务处或就业办公室求助，来找一份校园工作。
祈使句 Check with 的建议信号。这句以祈使动词 Check with 开头直接给建议，建议句就是"该怎么做"类细节题的答案落点；它点名去 careers service or employment office 求助。
- Check with your school's careers serviceVisit the school careers service.Check with 与 Visit 同义、机构名原样保留
- A)Ask their professors for help. 听着合理，但录音让学生求助的对象是 careers service or employment office，从未让学生去问教授，属未提及。
- B)Look at school bulletin boards. 的 bulletin board 在录音里一次没出现，是凭"校园找工作"常识硬塞的渠道，属未提及。
- D)Go through campus newspapers. 的 campus newspaper 录音中没有任何对应说法，也是按常识补的渠道，属未提及。
What does the speaker say is a library monitor's responsibility?
说话者说图书馆管理员的职责是什么?
- A) 帮助学生找到他们需要的书籍和期刊。
- B) 监督自习空间以确保安静的氛围。
- C) 帮助学生安排与图书馆员的预约。
- D) 向学生提供有关图书馆的信息。
Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained.
职责通常包括监管自习区，以确保保持安静的环境。
职责引导词 Responsibilities include。这句以 Responsibilities generally include 明确引出职责，是"问职责"题最直接的答案信号，其后所接 supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained 即职责本身。
- supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintainedSupervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.近原句替换、仅作浓缩
- A)Helping students find the books and journals they need. 借"图书馆"让人联想到"帮找书刊"，但录音说该岗位职责是监管自习区，根本没提帮学生找书，属常识联想出的未提及。
- C)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. 里"帮约图书管理员"录音完全没说，是借图书馆场景编出来的职责，属未提及。
- D)Providing students with information about the library. 同样是按图书馆场景补的咨询类职责，录音 Responsibilities generally include 后只接了"监管自习区保持安静"，没有提供信息一项，属未提及。
Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried.
肯尼亚山附近绿茶田里的农业工人正在采摘茶叶。这景象很美。一排排茶树笔直整齐。一切看起来都很好。但种植这些茶树的农民却很担忧。
Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years. He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive. Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color.
Nelson Kibara就是其中之一。他在Kerugoya地区种植茶叶已有40年。他说今年的价格非常低,他几乎没有盈利。他说如果要生存下去,他必须种植不同种类的茶叶。Kibara先生和数百名其他农民一直在移除他们的一些茶树,种植肯尼亚茶叶研究基金会开发的一种新茶。它的叶子呈紫色和棕色。当茶叶煮沸时,茶水呈现紫色。
Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.
医学研究人员研究了这种新茶的健康益处。他们说它比绿茶更健康,可以以比绿茶价格高三到四倍的价格出售。
But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable. And he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea.
但Kibara先生说他的紫茶作物并没有卖出更高的价格。他说这种茶的市场不稳定。他经常被迫以与绿茶叶相同的价格出售他的紫茶。他说没有足够多的买家愿意为紫茶支付更高的价格。
Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?
为什么肯尼亚的茶农决定种植紫茶?
- A) 味道更好。
- B) 更容易种植。
- C) 可能以更高的价格出售。
- D) 能更好地在极端天气中存活。
They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.
他们说它比绿茶更健康，而且能以比绿茶高三到四倍的价格出售。
价格更高的利益落点。这句出现 could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher，"能卖更高价" 正是农民愿意改种的经济动机，价格/利益句就是原因题的答案落点。
- could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green teaIt may be sold at a higher price.三四倍高价概括为 higher price
- A)未提及It tastes better. 听着合理，但原文从头到尾没说过紫茶味道更好，属凭常识脑补，未提及。
- B)原词陷阱It is easier to grow. 借用了原文反复出现的 grow（he must grow different kinds of tea），听到 grow 就想选，但原文讲的是 "不得不改种别的茶"，从没说紫茶更好种，是典型的原词陷阱。
借用原文：he must grow different kinds of tea
- D)未提及It can better survive extreme weathers. 讲抗极端天气，原文只提到价格低、改种、市场不稳，从未谈到天气或抗灾能力，属未提及。
What do researchers say about purple tea?
研究人员对紫茶有何评价?
- A) 它比绿茶更健康。
- B) 它能在更干旱的土壤中生长。
- C) 它总有一天会取代绿茶。
- D) 它对各种疾病免疫。
They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.
他们说它比绿茶更健康，而且能以比绿茶高三到四倍的价格出售。
They say 引出研究者观点。该段开头是 Medical researchers have studied the health benefits，紧接 They say it is healthier than green tea，"They say" 正是研究者观点的直接引出语，是观点出处的答案信号。
- it is healthier than green teaIt is healthier than green tea.几乎原句对应
- B)原词陷阱It can grow in drier soil. 又借用了 grow，且引入 "更干的土壤" 这一原文从未提到的种植条件，听到 grow 想选即落陷阱，实为未提及。
借用原文：plant a new kind of tea
- C)过度推断It will replace green tea one day. 盗用了反复出现的 green tea，但原文只说紫茶更健康/更贵，从没说 "将来会取代绿茶"，这是把比较优势夸大成绝对预测，过度推断。
借用原文：it is healthier than green tea
- D)未提及It is immune to various diseases. 讲抗多种病害，原文谈的是健康与价格，完全没提抗病能力，属未提及。
What has Mr. Kibara found about purple tea?
Kibara先生对紫茶有何发现?
- A) 它受到了许多饮茶者的欢迎。
- B) 它没有带来所承诺的健康益处。
- C) 它使茶农的生活更轻松了。
- D) 它没有稳定的市场。
But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable.
但基巴拉先生说，他的紫茶并没有卖到更高的价钱。他说这种茶的市场不稳定。
转折 But 后才是真实情况。本段以 But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price 开头，转折词 But 把前文研究者的乐观说法翻转过来，转折之后的 the market for the tea is unstable 才是 Kibara 实际发现的现状，是答案落点。
- the market for the tea is unstableIt does not have a stable market.unstable＝not stable 肯否换说
- A)与原文相反It has been well received by many tea drinkers. 说大受欢迎，但原文明说 there are not enough buyers willing to pay more，买的人都不够，与 "受欢迎" 正相反，是与原文相反。
借用原文：there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea
- B)偷换概念It does not bring the promised health benefits. 盗用了原文 health benefits 一词，但原文只说没卖到高价、市场不稳，从没否认健康好处，把 "价格没兑现" 偷换成 "健康好处没兑现"，是偷换概念。
借用原文：the health benefits of the new tea
- C)与原文相反It has made tea farmers' life easier. 盗用了 farmers，但原文讲农民赚不到钱、卖不上价、买家不足，日子更难而非更easy，与原文相反。
借用原文：he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop
Today's consumers want beautiful handcrafted objects to wear and to have for their home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available.
当今的消费者希望拥有精美的手工制品来佩戴和装饰家居环境。他们偏爱独特的物品,并且要求高品质。如今的工匠正在满足这一需求。随着越来越多独特的手工制品面世,人们和家庭正在展现出巨大的变化。
Handicrafts are big business. No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Part of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and help others find markets for their work.
手工艺品是一门大生意。优秀的工匠不再需要整天从事自己不喜欢的工作,然后在夜晚才尝试进行创作。他已经获得了专业地位。他现在是社会中受人尊敬的一员。作为工匠的乐趣之一是结识其他工匠。他们喜欢分享自己的想法和材料,并帮助他人为其作品寻找市场。
Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.
工匠帮助教育消费者做出明智的选择。他们帮助消费者了解设计和技艺。他们帮助消费者将选择与预期用途联系起来。他们经常让消费者参与亲自尝试手工艺制作。
When a group of craftsmen expands to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, crafts marketing techniques, crafts fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.
当一个工匠团体扩大到包含更多成员时,就形成了一个小型手工艺组织。这样的组织在特殊媒介培训研讨会、手工艺品营销技巧、手工艺品集市和销售、节日庆典、电视亮相和演示等方面做了大量工作。州艺术委员会帮助赞助地方艺术和手工艺品节,吸引大量游客消费者。这极大地促进了当地经济,因为游客不仅购买手工艺品,还会使用该地区的餐厅、酒店和其他服务。
What does the speaker say about today's consumers?
关于当今的消费者,说话者说了什么?
- A) 他们需要装饰品来显示自己的地位。
- B) 他们更喜欢高质量的独特物品。
- C) 他们自己装饰家居。
- D) 他们更关心环境。
主语正面陈述句。这句紧承上文 today’s consumers，主语 They 直指消费者，They prefer something unique and they demand quality 是对消费者偏好的直接正面描述，没有转折，听到"消费者偏好…要求…"这种主语+态度动词的句子就是答案句。
- prefer something uniqueunique objects形容词转名词词组
- they demand qualityof high quality动词短语转介词短语
- A)张冠李戴录音里 status 一词出现在第 2 段说工匠"赢得了职业地位"，与今天的消费者无关，本项把"地位"安到消费者头上、还编出"用装饰显地位"，属张冠李戴。
借用原文：He has earned his professional status.
- C)原词陷阱原文只说消费者偏好独特高品质的手工品、要把它们用于家居 to have for their home environment，从没说消费者"自己动手装饰家"，They decorate their homes themselves. 是凭 home 一词臆造出来的。
借用原文：to have for their home environment
- D)偷换概念原文的 home environment 指"家居环境"（居家的布置），They care more about environment. 把它偷换成"（自然/生态）环境"这一无关概念，且原文没说消费者"更在意环境"。
借用原文：home environment
What does the speaker say about good craftsmen in the past?
关于过去的优秀工匠,说话者说了什么?
- A) 他们为自己的作品感到自豪。
- B) 他们只能在夜间尝试进行创作。
- C) 他们为社会做出了巨大贡献。
- D) 他们注重产品的质量。
No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night.
好工匠再也不必整天做着自己不喜欢的工作、然后只能在晚上尝试创作了。
No longer 引出今昔对比。句首 No longer（再也不…了）是个否定+今昔对比信号：它说"现在不必再这样"，反推"过去正是这样"——过去工匠只能白天打不喜欢的工、夜里才能创作。听到 No longer/not anymore 就要把后面描述还原成"过去的状况"。
- try to create at nighttry to create at night今昔反转后原句对应
- A)原词陷阱原文第 1 段反复出现 handcrafted/create 相关词，They were proud of their creations. 借 creations 制造耳熟，但原文从没说过去工匠"为作品自豪"，且本题问过去，proud 无原文依据。
借用原文：try to create at night
- C)张冠李戴原文确有 society，但说的是现在工匠"是受尊敬的社会一员" a respected member of society，不是过去工匠"对社会有巨大贡献"；既盗用 society，又把"现在"错配到"过去"。
借用原文：He is now a respected member of society.
- D)原词陷阱quality 是第 1 段讲消费者要求品质时的词 they demand quality，本项 They focused on the quality of their products. 把它挪到过去工匠身上，原文从没说过去工匠"专注产品质量"。
借用原文：they demand quality
What do craftsmen help consumers do?
工匠帮助消费者做什么?
- A) 做出明智的选择。
- B) 识别伪劣工艺品。
- C) 自己设计手工艺品。
- D) 了解创作的重要性。
help+宾语+动作的直接陈述。Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices 是段首句，主语 Craftsmen、动词 helped、对象 consumers 与题干完全一致，to 后面的 make wise choices 就是"帮做什么"的答案，无需转折判断。
- make wise choicesMake wise choices.原句动作短语直取
- B)未提及原文只说帮消费者"了解设计与技艺" become aware of design and technique、做明智选择，从没提"辨认假货"，Identify fake crafts. 是凭"明智选择"联想出来的，原文无 fake 一词。
- C)原词陷阱原文确说工匠让消费者"尝试手工艺" involve consumers in trying the craft themselves，但那是"尝试体验"，不是"自己设计手工艺品"；Design handicrafts themselves. 盗用 themselves 把"试做体验"夸大成"自行设计"。
借用原文：involve consumers in trying the craft themselves
- D)原词陷阱create/creation 出现在第 2 段讲工匠创作，Learn the importance of creation. 借 creation 制造耳熟，但本段讲的是帮消费者做选择、懂设计技艺，从没说让消费者"认识创作的重要性"。
借用原文：try to create at night
Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?
州艺术委员会为什么帮助资助当地的工艺美术节?
- A) 促进当地经济发展。
- B) 吸引外国投资。
- C) 唤起公众对工艺品的兴趣。
- D) 保护传统文化。
State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably.
州艺术委员会帮助赞助本地手工艺节，这些节庆吸引大批游客消费者。这极大地提振了本地经济。
This 指代+结果句。答案落在第二句 This boosts the local economy considerably：This 回指上句"委员会赞助手工艺节"，boosts… 给出这一行为带来的结果，即赞助的目的所在。听到 This + 结果动词（boosts）就要锁定它是前句行为的目的/效果。
- This boosts the local economy considerablyTo boost the local economy.结果句转目的不定式
- B)未提及原文说节庆吸引的是 tourist consumers（游客消费者）来本地消费 draw crowds of tourist consumers，从没提"吸引外资"，To attract foreign investments. 里的 foreign investments 原文无任何对应。
- C)原词陷阱原文通篇围绕 crafts，To arouse public interest in crafts. 借 crafts 显得熟悉，且"引发兴趣"听上去合理，但原文交代赞助的结果是 boosts the local economy（提振经济），不是"激发公众对手工艺的兴趣"。
借用原文：State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals
- D)未提及"保护传统文化"是听到"手工艺节"后最易凭常识脑补的高尚目的，但原文明确说赞助的结果是 This boosts the local economy considerably（提振本地经济），全篇未提 preserve culture，To preserve the traditional culture. 属想当然。
21 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- It was dangerous to live in.
"It is/was + 形容词 + to do" 是四六级和考研中高频出现的句式，属于非常典型的形式主语结构，学生掌握后可大量复用到类似句型的理解中。
- Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said.
本句结构为主句加 so that 引导的目的状语从句，这是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式；主句使用现在完成时加不定式宾语，状语从句使用情态动词加系表结构，都是典型的常考结构；掌握后可迁移到大量类似长句的分析，典型性较高
- That's why we have a clock-in system.
That is why 引导的表语从句是英语中常见的句式，用于解释原因或理由，在考试阅读和写作中出现频率较高；掌握这个结构可以帮助理解和表达因果关系，具有一定的迁移价值。
- That's why we chose him for the job.
主系表加表语从句是四六级和考研常考结构,why/what/how 引导的表语从句频繁出现在真题中。本句结构简洁典型,掌握后可直接迁移到 This is what/how/where 等同类句型。
- M: I was wondering if you'd see Smith—the man who was late—because you are so much better at handling things like this.
该句在主干识别、嵌套复杂度、时态多样性、成分训练价值和结构典型性上均处于中等偏上水平，整体平衡且覆盖面广，适合作为综合训练句重点练习，有助于学生掌握多从句嵌套和时态对应的实战技巧。
- I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim.
同位语从句说明抽象名词(如 idea、fact、belief 等)的具体内容,是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式,且本句的同位语从句位置(在时间状语之后)也是典型变体,掌握后可广泛迁移到类似结构。
- He will go through retraining.
"主语 + will + 动词 + 介词短语" 是常见的一般将来时句式，具有一定代表性，但句子过于简单，难以体现复杂句式特征。
- She is in charge of public relations.
主系表结构是英语基础句型之一，在各类考试中常见，但本句过于简短且无修饰成分，不能代表真题中常考的复杂主系表句式（如带有定语从句修饰表语、或多个并列表语等），典型性一般。
- M: So do you think it's true?
疑问句 + 宾语从句是四六级听力和阅读中的常见句式，且口语化省略 that 的用法在真题对话中频繁出现，具有一定代表性，掌握后可复用到类似疑问句分析中。
- So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people.
本句结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常典型：主句中嵌定语从句修饰主语、主句谓语后接宾语从句表达观点、宾语从句中使用形式主语 it。这种多层嵌套但逻辑清晰的句式是考试常见句型，掌握后可大量复用于理解类似长难句。
- W: That's why the British don't like flats.
"That's why" 引导表语从句是口语和写作中常见的解释性句式，在四六级和考研阅读中经常出现，具有一定代表性，学习后可迁移到类似 "That's how/when/where" 等结构。
- Why do British people prefer houses to flats?
疑问句是四六级和考研常见题型，"prefer A to B" 结构也是高频搭配，具有一定代表性。但本句过于简单，缺少真题中常见的从句或复杂修饰结构，迁移性受限。
- In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious.
主系表结构加并列表语是常见句式，地点状语前置也较典型，但简单句在四六级和考研真题中占比不高，复杂句式更具代表性。
- Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university.
涵盖主语、并列谓语、宾语、表语、后置定语等多种成分，尤其并列谓语共享主语的结构和不定式作后置定语是常见考点，具有一定的成分划分练习价值，但缺少状语、定语从句等更丰富的成分类型。
- It's a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime—which means you'll have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.
这种“主句 + 转折补充 + 关系词补充说明 + 从句内容”的组合在考试阅读和写作中都很常见。掌握如何先看连接标志、再分层找主谓，迁移性很强。
- They don't have to go through job interviews.
主谓宾结构加情态表达(don't have to)是英语中的常见句式,在四六级或考研阅读中经常出现,但本句过于简单,没有任何修饰成分或复杂结构,代表性一般;掌握这个句式后可迁移到类似的简单陈述句,但对理解复杂长句帮助有限。
- Go through campus newspapers.
祈使句是常见句式，但在四六级、考研阅读中出现频率远低于陈述句和复合句，代表性一般。
- He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit.
"so...that"结果状语从句和省略引导词的宾语从句都是四六级、考研阅读中的高频句式,现在完成时的使用也很典型。这种转述加因果说明的结构在真题中常见,学习后迁移价值较高。
- They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.
此类“主句+宾语从句+从句内嵌套定语从句”的结构在四六级和考研英语中极其常见，具有很强的复用性。
- And he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves.
"be forced to do" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频被动结构，"the same... as..." 比较结构也常见于真题。本句结构具有较强的代表性和复用价值，掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night.
本句成分丰富且含多个典型易错点：倒装导致的主谓识别、并列谓语的划分、嵌套定语从句的识别、关系代词省略的还原、状语的归属判断（all day 修饰 work，at night 修饰 try）。地点状语 in a job 内嵌定语从句，时间状语 all day 和 at night 分别修饰不同谓语，训练学生区分修饰对象的能力。句中同时出现否定副词状语、地点状语、时间状语和宾语，覆盖多种成分类型，适合作为综合划分练习。
本卷出现的 168 个英语四级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- craftB1n. 手艺
- castleA2n. 城堡
- consumerB1n. 消费者
- minerB1n. 矿工
- accordC1n. （国家、团体间的）协议
- localA2adj. 当地的
- campusB1n. （大学或学院的）校园
- emergencyB1n. 紧急情况，突发事件
- pressA2v. 按，压
- postalB1adj. 邮政的
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- betterA1adj. 更好的（good 的比较级）
- qualityA2n. 质量
- academicB2adj. 学术的
- departmentA2n. 部门
- ensureB2v. 确保
- uniqueB2adj. 独特的
- deliveryB1n. 递送
- rescueB1v. 营救，救援
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- benefitB1n. 好处
- careerB1n. 职业
- processB1n. 过程
- opportunityB1n. 机会
- accordingB1prep. 根据
- organizationB1n. 组织
- measureB1v. 测量
- professionalB1adj. 专业的
- economyB1n. 经济
- responsibilityB1n. 责任
- generallyB1adv. 通常，一般地
- demandB1v. 坚决要求
- availableA2adj. 可获得的
- colleagueB1n. 同事
- boostB2v. 提高
- detailB1n. 细节
- contactB1n. 联系
- billionB1num. 十亿（1,000,000,000）
- statusB2n. 地位
- agencyB2n. 代理机构
- handleA2v. 处理
- councilB1n. 委员会
- warningA2n. 警告
- announceB1v. 宣布
- surviveB1v. 幸存
- trapB1n. 陷阱
- foundationB2n. 基础;根基
- priorityB2n. 优先事项
- locateB1v. 找到;找出…的位置
- complainA2v. 抱怨
- techniqueB1n. 技术
- worriedA2adj. 担心的
- wageB1n. 工资
- atmosphereB2n. 气氛
- royalB1adj. 王室的
- creationB2n. 创造
- floodB1n. 洪水
- revenueB2n. （公司、组织的）收入，收益
- unionB2n. 工会
- sponsorB2n. 赞助商
- automaticallyB1adv. 自动地
- representativeB2n. 代表
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- systemA2n. 系统
- effectA2n. 影响
- designB1n. 设计
- productA2n. 产品
- millionA2num. 一百万
- focusB1n. 重点
- professorB1n. 教授（大学教师的最高职称）
- simplyB1adv. 仅仅，只不过
- issueB1n. 问题
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- laterA1adv. 以后，later
- materialB1n. 材料
- involveB1v. 包含
- connectionB1n. 联系
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- applyA2v. 申请
- claimB1v. 声称
- balanceB1n. 平衡
- resourceB1n. 资源
- variousB1adj. 各种各样的
- recentlyA2adv. 最近
- replaceA2v. 替换，更换（用新的代替旧的）
- responseB1n. 回答
- removeA2v. 移开
- budgetB1n. 预算
- mediaB1n. 大众传播媒介（报刊、电视、广播、互联网等的总称）
- regionB1n. 地区
- maintainB1v. 维持
- staffB1n. 全体员工
- statesA1n. 国家
- chargeB1v. 收费
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- importanceB1n. 重要性
- extremeB2adj. 极度的
- itemA2n. 项目
- quicklyA2adv. 快速地
- personalityB1n. 个性
- environmentalB1adj. 环境的
- expandB2v. 扩大;扩展;增长
- cropB1n. 农作物
- readingA1n. 阅读
- protectionB1n. 保护
- releaseB1v. 释放
- assistantA2n. 助手
- awareA2adj. 知道的
- journalB1n. 杂志
- earnA2v. 赚得，挣得（金钱）
- expenseB1n. 花费
- estimateB2v. 估计
- seniorB1adj. 级别高的
- rentA2v. 租用
- collapseB2v. 倒塌，坍塌
- crowdA2n. 人群
- gatherB1v. 聚集，集合
- typicallyB1adv. 通常，一般
- willingB1adj. 愿意的，乐意的
- countyB1n. 郡
- contributionB2n. 贡献
- investmentB1n. 投资
- preserveB2v. 保护
- profitB1n. 利润，盈利
- proposeB1v. 提议
- reserveB1v. 预订
- propertyB1n. 财产
- appearanceB1n. 外貌
- promotionB2n. 晋升，升职
- immuneB2adj. 有免疫力的
- eliminateB2v. 消除
- employmentB1n. 工作
- latestB1adj. 最新的
- marketingB1n. 营销
- stableB1adj. 稳定的
- eagerB1adj. 热切的
- intendB1v. 打算，计划
- operateB1v. 运转
- chatA2v. 聊天，闲谈
- crewB1n. 全体船员
- fellowB2n. 家伙
- guyA2n. 男人
- plusA2prep. 加，加上
- proposalB2n. 提议
- slowlyA1adv. 缓慢地
- suddenlyA2adv. 突然地
- waveA2n. 波浪
- considerablyB2adv. 相当大地
- skilledB1adj. 熟练的
- threatenB1v. 威胁;恐吓
- decorateB1v. 装饰
- preciousB2adj. 珍贵的
- ariseB2v. 出现;产生;发生
- devoteB2v. 把…奉献给
- injureB1v. 使受伤
- surprisinglyB1adv. 令人惊讶地
- arouseC1v. 激起，引起（情感、反应）
- arrangeB1v. 安排，筹备（活动、会议等）
- dislikeA2v. 不喜欢
- educateB2v. 教育
- mallB1n. 购物中心
- pileB1n. 堆
- privacyB2n. 隐私
- relateB1v. 使有联系，把…联系起来
- affairB2n. 事务
- agriculturalB2adj. 农业的
- irregularB2adj. 不规则的;无规律的
- renovateB2v. 翻新
全卷录音原文 593 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 593 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 6 个 · 约 1%。
- 去重总词数
- 593
- B2 以上难词
- 1%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 88%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 A · 2 B · 3 B · 4 C · 5 D · 6 C · 7 A · 8 D · 9 B · 10 D · 11 C · 12 D · 13 A · 14 C · 15 B · 16 D · 17 C · 18 B · 19 C · 20 A · 21 D · 22 B · 23 B · 24 A · 25 A。答案字母分布为 A 6 · B 7 · C 6 · D 6。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 短篇新闻（3 篇）1–7 题；Section B 长对话（2 篇）8–15 题；Section C 听力篇章（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 593 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 38%、A2 及以下约 65%、B1 及以下约 88%、B2 及以下约 99%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 6 个、约占 1%。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力出现了哪些英语四级高频词？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力的录音原文出现 168 个英语四级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：craft（本卷 8 次，n. 手艺）、castle（本卷 8 次，n. 城堡）、consumer（本卷 6 次，n. 消费者）、miner（本卷 6 次，n. 矿工）、accord（本卷 4 次，n. （国家、团体间的）协议）、local（本卷 4 次，adj. 当地的）、campus（本卷 4 次，n. （大学或学院的）校园）、emergency（本卷 4 次，n. 紧急情况，突发事件 ）。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 1 题：Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie Castle? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It was dangerous to live in。答案句出自录音「On Sunday, the castle's owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out of his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river」（周日，这座城堡 76 岁的主人约翰·戈登被迫搬离自己的房产，此前迪河冲走了约 60 英尺的土地，使城堡危险地紧贴河水），靠被迫搬离 + after 引出原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（leaving the castle dangerously close to the river ↔ It was dangerous to live in.；close to collapsing ↔ It was dangerous to live in.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（It was going to be renovated. 说房子要翻修，可录音里只字未提翻修，搬走是因为危险不是为了装修，属凭空捏造）；C 项属原词陷阱（He could no longer pay the rent. 说他付不起房租。但录音说他是城堡的 owner（the castle's owner John Gordon，主人），不是租客；而且第2段提到城堡曾 leased to members of the royal family（租给皇室），"租"字在录音里确实出现过，容易让人误以为和租金有关。其实那是历史上皇室租用，与他搬走的原因毫无关系）；D 项属原词陷阱（He had sold it to the royal family. 说他把城堡卖给了皇室。royal family 是录音里真念到的扎眼词（leased to members of the royal family），极易诱选；但原文说的是历史上"租给"皇室、不是"卖给"，而且他现在仍是 owner（the castle's owner John Gordon），根本没卖。盗用原词又把"租"偷换成"卖"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 2 题：What happened in Scotland last Wednesday? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 B）A storm。答案句出自录音「The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday」（苏格兰环境保护署已发布超过 35 条覆盖多个地区的洪水预警，因为苏格兰仍在清理上周三"弗兰克"风暴袭击该国后的残局），靠时间锚 last Wednesday 紧贴事件名 Storm Frank定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday ↔ A storm.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（A strike. 说发生了罢工，但录音通篇是洪水、风暴，没有任何罢工内容。它和 storm 读音、场景都易让紧张的考生混选，实则录音根本没说）；C 项属未提及（A forest fire. 说森林大火，可录音讲的是 flood warnings（洪水预警）和风暴，满篇是水不是火，事件性质完全相反，排除）；D 项属未提及（A terrorist attack. 说恐怖袭击，录音里完全没有任何相关内容，是分量很重却凭空出现的干扰，专诱紧张乱选，排除），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 3 题：What does the news report say about the salt miners? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They were trapped in an underground elevator。答案句出自录音「Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York」（周四上午，针对 17 名被困于纽约州兰辛市附近 Cargill 岩盐矿井下电梯里的矿工，救援工作正在展开），靠新闻首句即交代主体事件定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（stuck in an elevator below ground ↔ trapped in an underground elevator）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音说应急人员 Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio——是"取得了联系"。A 却说 lost contact with the emergency department（失去联系），盗用了 contact 这个原词，方向却完全相反。听到 contact 就选 A，正中圈套）；C 项属与原文相反（录音明说 they all appear to be uninjured——"看上去都没受伤"。C 却说 injured by suddenly falling rocks（被落石砸伤）。它盗用了 injured 这个词根，却漏掉了前缀 un- 的否定，且"落石"全文从未提及，是与原文相反 + 无中生有的叠加）；D 项属张冠李戴（录音里 radio 出现在 Emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio——是"救援人员"通过无线电联系矿工。D 却说 They sent calls for help via a portable radio，把"发出求救"安到了矿工（They）头上，主体和动作都错位了。这是典型"听到 radio 就想选"的原词陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 4 题：What did the rescue team do? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They sent supplies to keep the miners warm。答案句出自录音「Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said」（工作人员设法给矿工送去了暖宝宝和毛毯，好让他们在救援过程中保持温暖，Verfuss 说道），靠顺序播报到第二段讲救援动作定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（provide heat packs and blankets to the miners ↔ sent supplies to keep the miners warm；so that they can keep warm ↔ keep the miners warm）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（elevator 在录音第一段出现过（矿工被困其中），A 借这个原词编出 tried hard to repair the elevator（努力修电梯）。但全文从没说救援队修电梯，是听到 elevator 就联想"被困要修"的过度推断）；B 项属与原文相反（录音明说 Details about what led to the workers' being trapped in the elevator weren't immediately available——事故细节"暂时无法获知"。B 却说 released the details of the accident（公布了细节），盗用 details 一词，意思恰好相反）；D 项属偷换概念（录音送的是 heat packs and blankets（保暖物资），D 却说 provided the miners with food and water（食物和水）。provided the miners 句式与原文极像，只把"暖宝宝毛毯"偷换成"食物饮水"——这正是预读时标记的"C、D 两项靠得很近"的陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 5 题：What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 5 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Close some of its post offices。答案句出自录音「The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues」（美国邮政署今天宣布，由于收入下滑，它正考虑在未来一年内关闭约 3,700 个邮局），靠开头首句即点题定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（considering closing about 3,700 post offices ↔ Close some of its post offices.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Raise postage rates. 看似与邮政、钱有关，但录音从未说要涨邮资；省钱用的是关邮局和停周六送信，涨价是考生自己补的常识，属未提及）；B 项属与原文相反（Improve its services. 与录音相反：邮政是在亏损中削减（关邮局、停送信），是收缩而非改善服务，方向正好反了）；C 项属原词陷阱（Redesign delivery routes. 借用了录音里反复出现的 delivery（如 stop mail delivery on Saturdays）来制造“听到 delivery 就想选”的诱惑，但录音说的是停止周六送信，从没说重新设计投递路线，答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 6 题：What measure has been planned to save costs? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays。答案句出自录音「Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually」（比如上周，邮政署长帕特·多纳霍宣布了周六停止邮件投递的计划，他说这一举措每年可节省 30 亿美元），靠save 信号词带出措施定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（stop mail delivery on Saturdays ↔ Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Shortening business hours. 是合理的节流联想，但录音提到的省钱措施只有关邮局和周六停送信，没说要缩短营业时间，属考生自行脑补）；B 项属原词陷阱（Closing offices on holidays. 借用了录音里 closing post offices 的 closing 与 offices（见 closing about 3,700 post offices）来勾人，但录音说的是永久关掉一些邮局，不是节假日关门，偷换了概念）；D 项属未提及（Computerizing mall sorting processes. 录音里完全没有提及分拣电脑化，与本则新闻的关邮局、停周六送信都无关，是凭对邮政的想象造出来的干扰），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 7 题：What will happen when the proposed measure comes into effect? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Many post office staff will lose their jobs。答案句出自录音「He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs」（他估计约有 3,000 名邮局局长、500 名站点经理以及 500 至 1,000 名邮政职员可能会失业），靠estimated + could lose 给出后果估计定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs ↔ Many post office staff will lose their jobs.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（Many people will begin to complain. 是对关邮局的合理想象，但录音只谈到了员工失业，从没提公众会抱怨，属未提及）；C 项属原词陷阱（Taxpayers will be very pleased. 借用了录音里 We do not want taxpayer money 的 taxpayer 来引诱，但录音只说邮政不想要纳税人的钱，从没说纳税人会很高兴，方向被改成了正面情绪，既盗词又与文意相反）；D 项属未提及（A lot of controversy will arise. 听起来像关邮局的自然结果，但录音通篇只给出失业的估计，没有提到会引发争议，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 8 题：What will happen to the press operator who was late for work according to the woman? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 D）He will lose part of his pay。答案句出自录音「But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system」（可那是件很简单的事。他不过是会被扣掉一部分工资罢了。我们装打卡系统就是为了这个），靠女方对迟到事件的直接定性应答定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（He will simply lose part of his pay. ↔ He will lose part of his pay.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（选项 He will be kept from promotion. 说的"挡住升迁"录音里根本没出现，是凭"违纪可能影响升职"的常识硬编的，属无中生有）；B 项属未提及（He will go through retraining. 的"再培训"录音中没有任何对应，靠"犯错就该培训"的想当然填上，属无中生有）；C 项属未提及（He will be given a warning. 的"给予警告"也没在录音出现；女方明确说的是扣薪，不是警告，这项是用另一种常见处分来混淆），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 9 题：What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 B）He is a trustworthy guy。答案句出自录音「W: Is John reliable? M: Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job」（女：John 可靠吗？男：是的，他可靠。所以我们才选他干这活），靠一问一答·男方对"是否可靠"的肯定应答定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Is John reliable? ↔ He is a trustworthy guy.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（He is always on time. 借了 John 守在 the time clock（打卡机）旁的场景，让人误以为在夸他"准时"。但 John 是"监督打卡的人"，不是被考勤的对象，录音从没说他准时，这是用打卡这个原词场景设的陷阱）；C 项属张冠李戴（He is an experienced press operator. 里的 press operator 确实在录音出现过 One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.，但那是指"迟到的那名操作工"，不是 John；选项把别人的身份安到 John 头上）；D 项属未提及（He is on good terms with his workmates. 说 John 和同事关系好，录音里完全没谈 John 的人际关系，是凭"可靠的人大概人缘也好"的过度联想加上去的），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 10 题：Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 D）She is better at handling such matters。答案句出自录音「I was wondering if you'd see Smith—the man who was late—because you are so much better at handling things like this」（我在想可不可以请你去见见 Smith——就是那个迟到的人——因为这类事你处理得比我在行得多），靠because 引出的直接原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（you are so much better at handling things like this ↔ She is better at handling such matters.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（She is a trade union representative. 里的 trade union representative 录音确实念过 I've got a feeling that the trade union representative is behind this.，但那是指 Jack Green 这个搅事的工会代表，绝非女方 Hampton 太太；选项盗这个词制造"听到就想选"的诱惑）；B 项属未提及（She is in charge of public relations. 说她管公关，录音从没交代女方的职务是公关，是凭"善于处理矛盾≈做公关"的联想编的，无中生有）；C 项属原词陷阱（She is a senior manager of the shop. 借了录音多次出现的 manager 一词，但录音里 the manager 指的是另一个负责叫 Smith 上来的人，并未说女方是高管；况且本题问的是"为什么找她"，答身份也答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 11 题：What does the woman say about Jack Green? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 11 题是态度观点题，正确答案 C）He is always trying to stir up trouble。答案句出自录音「I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble」（我一直觉得 Jack Green 围绕最近这次加薪要求一直在忙着煽风点火。他这人总爱惹是生非），靠女方明确的负面评判语气定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（He's always trying to make trouble. ↔ He is always trying to stir up trouble.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（He is skilled and experienced. 是正面评价，而女方对 Jack Green 全是负面定性（搅事、惹麻烦），方向相反；录音也没说他技术如何，属凭空拔高）；B 项属原词陷阱（He is very close to the manager. 借了录音里 The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active… 中 manager 与 Jack Green 同句出现的表象，让人误以为两人关系近；其实那只是经理在向男方汇报 Jack Green 的动向，没说二人关系密切）；D 项属原词陷阱（He is always complaining about low wages. 借了录音 in connection with the latest wage claim 里的"工资"话题，但录音说的是 Jack Green"借加薪要求搞事"，不是"他自己抱怨工资低"；选项把"借工资议题煽动"偷换成"个人抱怨低薪"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 12 题：What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 12 题是态度观点题，正确答案 D）Reserved。答案句出自录音「It's "Why are the British so cold?" And they're talking about the British personality—the famous British "reserve". It means that we aren't very friendly… we aren't very open」（他们会问『英国人为什么这么冷淡？』他们说的是英国人的性格——著名的英国式『矜持』。意思是我们不太友好……不太开放），靠女士开篇转述外国人原话定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the famous British "reserve" ↔ Reserved.；we aren't very friendly… we aren't very open ↔ Reserved.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（录音说 we aren't very open（不太开放），是带否定的；选项 Open. 直接盗用 open 这个原词却把否定抹掉，正好说反了）；B 项属与原文相反（录音说 we aren't very friendly（不太友好），选项 Friendly. 盗用 friendly 原词但去掉否定，与录音原意相反）；C 项属未提及（Selfish（自私）在整段录音里没有出现，外国人说的是 cold、reserved，并没说英国人自私，属于无中生有的拔高），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 13 题：What may British people typically do on a train according to the man? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 A）They stay quiet。答案句出自录音「People—I mean strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train, or the bus」（陌生人——我是说陌生人——会在街上或火车上跟你搭话。英国人在火车上、公交车上很少说话），靠对比+seldom 否定落点定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（British people seldom speak on the train ↔ They stay quiet.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（read a book（看书）录音里完全没说，男士只说英国人很少讲话，没提他们在火车上看书，属凭常识臆想的无中生有）；C 项属未提及（talk about the weather 利用『英国人爱聊天气』的刻板印象设套，但本段录音说的是英国人在火车上 seldom speak（很少说话），根本没提天气，属张冠李戴式臆想）；D 项属张冠李戴（录音 strangers—speak to you on the street or on the train 说的是别国陌生人会攀谈，选项 They chat with fellow passengers. 盗用『在火车上搭话』这层意思，却把它安到英国人头上——而英国人恰恰是很少说话的那方），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 14 题：What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 C）She was never invited to a colleague's home。答案句出自录音「She'd been working in Manchester for two years, and no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else」（她在曼彻斯特工作了两年，没有一个人——没有一个同事——曾邀请她去家里。同事们在工作中对她友好，但仅此而已），靠no one…ever 强否定落点定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（no one—not one of her colleagues—had ever invited her to their home ↔ She was never invited to a colleague's home.）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（treated as a foreigner（被当成外国人）录音没明说，男士说的是同事 friendly to her at work, but nothing else——工作上友好、仅此而已，并未说把她当外人歧视，是从『没被请到家』硬推一步的过度引申）；B 项属原词陷阱（想参观城堡的说法来自后文女士的谚语 an Englishman's home is his castle，那只是比喻英国人家门难进；选项 She was eager to visit an English castle. 盗用 castle 一词，把比喻当成意大利女子真想去城堡，答非所问）；D 项属与原文相反（录音说的是同事没邀请她（错在同事一方），选项 She was unwilling to make friends with workmates. 却说成是她自己不愿交友（错在她一方），主动方被调了包，与原意相反），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 15 题：Why do British people prefer houses to flats? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 15 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Houses provide more privacy。答案句出自录音「It's about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It's your place」（这关乎拥有私密空间。你回到自己的房子和花园，关上门，那是属于你的地方），靠It's about being private 点出动机定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（It's about being private ↔ Houses provide more privacy.；you close the door. It's your place ↔ Houses provide more privacy.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（quiet（更安静）录音里没作为偏爱房子的理由提到，男士说的是 being private（私密），安静是凭常识想象添的，无中生有）；C 项属未提及（want more space（想要更多空间）录音没说，男士给的理由是隐私 being private，而非空间大小，属臆想添加的原因）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音确实念到 your house and your garden，但 garden 只是『关门独处』场景里的一笔，男士点明的核心理由是 being private；选项 They want a garden of their own. 盗用 garden 这个原词，把陪衬当成了主因，答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 16 题：What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They will automatically be given hiring priority。答案句出自录音「There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you'll automatically be given hiring priority」（校内兼职机会很多，而且作为学生，你会自动获得录用优先权），靠话题锚词 on-campus 后的直陈句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（you'll automatically be given hiring priority ↔ They will automatically be given hiring priority.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 They don't have much choice of jobs. 借用了通篇都在说的 jobs，但录音说的是 tons of on-campus job opportunities（机会很多），选项却说选择不多，方向正好相反）；B 项（They are likely to get much higher pay. 提到的"高工资"录音整段都没说过，谈钱处只有开头 expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly（花销涨得快），与"工资更高"无关，属无中生有）；C 项（They don't have to go through job interviews. 里的 interview（面试）在三段录音里一次都没念到，是凭"找工作"常识硬加的细节，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 17 题：What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Visit the school careers service。答案句出自录音「Check with your school's careers service or employment office for help to find a campus job」（向你学校的职业服务处或就业办公室求助，来找一份校园工作），靠祈使句 Check with 的建议信号定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Check with your school's careers service ↔ Visit the school careers service.）。其余选项：A 项（Ask their professors for help. 听着合理，但录音让学生求助的对象是 careers service or employment office，从未让学生去问教授，属未提及）；B 项（Look at school bulletin boards. 的 bulletin board 在录音里一次没出现，是凭"校园找工作"常识硬塞的渠道，属未提及）；D 项（Go through campus newspapers. 的 campus newspaper 录音中没有任何对应说法，也是按常识补的渠道，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 18 题：What does the speaker say is a library monitor's responsibility? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 B）Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere。答案句出自录音「Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained」（职责通常包括监管自习区，以确保保持安静的环境），靠职责引导词 Responsibilities include定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained ↔ Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.）。其余选项：A 项（Helping students find the books and journals they need. 借"图书馆"让人联想到"帮找书刊"，但录音说该岗位职责是监管自习区，根本没提帮学生找书，属常识联想出的未提及）；C 项（Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. 里"帮约图书管理员"录音完全没说，是借图书馆场景编出来的职责，属未提及）；D 项（Providing students with information about the library. 同样是按图书馆场景补的咨询类职责，录音 Responsibilities generally include 后只接了"监管自习区保持安静"，没有提供信息一项，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 19 题：Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 C）It may be sold at a higher price。答案句出自录音「They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea」（他们说它比绿茶更健康，而且能以比绿茶高三到四倍的价格出售），靠价格更高的利益落点定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea ↔ It may be sold at a higher price.）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（It tastes better. 听着合理，但原文从头到尾没说过紫茶味道更好，属凭常识脑补，未提及）；B 项属原词陷阱（It is easier to grow. 借用了原文反复出现的 grow（he must grow different kinds of tea），听到 grow 就想选，但原文讲的是 "不得不改种别的茶"，从没说紫茶更好种，是典型的原词陷阱）；D 项属未提及（It can better survive extreme weathers. 讲抗极端天气，原文只提到价格低、改种、市场不稳，从未谈到天气或抗灾能力，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 20 题：What do researchers say about purple tea? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 20 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It is healthier than green tea。答案句出自录音「They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea」（他们说它比绿茶更健康，而且能以比绿茶高三到四倍的价格出售），靠They say 引出研究者观点定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（it is healthier than green tea ↔ It is healthier than green tea.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（It can grow in drier soil. 又借用了 grow，且引入 "更干的土壤" 这一原文从未提到的种植条件，听到 grow 想选即落陷阱，实为未提及）；C 项属过度推断（It will replace green tea one day. 盗用了反复出现的 green tea，但原文只说紫茶更健康/更贵，从没说 "将来会取代绿茶"，这是把比较优势夸大成绝对预测，过度推断）；D 项属未提及（It is immune to various diseases. 讲抗多种病害，原文谈的是健康与价格，完全没提抗病能力，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 21 题：What has Mr. Kibara found about purple tea? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 21 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It does not have a stable market。答案句出自录音「But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable」（但基巴拉先生说，他的紫茶并没有卖到更高的价钱。他说这种茶的市场不稳定），靠转折 But 后才是真实情况定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the market for the tea is unstable ↔ It does not have a stable market.）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（It has been well received by many tea drinkers. 说大受欢迎，但原文明说 there are not enough buyers willing to pay more，买的人都不够，与 "受欢迎" 正相反，是与原文相反）；B 项属偷换概念（It does not bring the promised health benefits. 盗用了原文 health benefits 一词，但原文只说没卖到高价、市场不稳，从没否认健康好处，把 "价格没兑现" 偷换成 "健康好处没兑现"，是偷换概念）；C 项属与原文相反（It has made tea farmers' life easier. 盗用了 farmers，但原文讲农民赚不到钱、卖不上价、买家不足，日子更难而非更easy，与原文相反），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 22 题：What does the speaker say about today's consumers? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 22 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They prefer unique objects of high quality。答案句出自录音「They prefer something unique and they demand quality」（他们偏好独特的东西，并且要求高品质），靠主语正面陈述句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（prefer something unique ↔ unique objects；they demand quality ↔ of high quality）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（录音里 status 一词出现在第 2 段说工匠"赢得了职业地位"，与今天的消费者无关，本项把"地位"安到消费者头上、还编出"用装饰显地位"，属张冠李戴）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文只说消费者偏好独特高品质的手工品、要把它们用于家居 to have for their home environment，从没说消费者"自己动手装饰家"，They decorate their homes themselves. 是凭 home 一词臆造出来的）；D 项属偷换概念（原文的 home environment 指"家居环境"（居家的布置），They care more about environment. 把它偷换成"（自然/生态）环境"这一无关概念，且原文没说消费者"更在意环境"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 23 题：What does the speaker say about good craftsmen in the past? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 B）They could only try to create at night。答案句出自录音「No longer does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day, and then try to create at night」（好工匠再也不必整天做着自己不喜欢的工作、然后只能在晚上尝试创作了），靠No longer 引出今昔对比定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（try to create at night ↔ try to create at night）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（原文第 1 段反复出现 handcrafted/create 相关词，They were proud of their creations. 借 creations 制造耳熟，但原文从没说过去工匠"为作品自豪"，且本题问过去，proud 无原文依据）；C 项属张冠李戴（原文确有 society，但说的是现在工匠"是受尊敬的社会一员" a respected member of society，不是过去工匠"对社会有巨大贡献"；既盗用 society，又把"现在"错配到"过去"）；D 项属原词陷阱（quality 是第 1 段讲消费者要求品质时的词 they demand quality，本项 They focused on the quality of their products. 把它挪到过去工匠身上，原文从没说过去工匠"专注产品质量"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 24 题：What do craftsmen help consumers do? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Make wise choices。答案句出自录音「Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices」（工匠们帮助引导消费者做出明智的选择），靠help+宾语+动作的直接陈述定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（make wise choices ↔ Make wise choices.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（原文只说帮消费者"了解设计与技艺" become aware of design and technique、做明智选择，从没提"辨认假货"，Identify fake crafts. 是凭"明智选择"联想出来的，原文无 fake 一词）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文确说工匠让消费者"尝试手工艺" involve consumers in trying the craft themselves，但那是"尝试体验"，不是"自己设计手工艺品"；Design handicrafts themselves. 盗用 themselves 把"试做体验"夸大成"自行设计"）；D 项属原词陷阱（create/creation 出现在第 2 段讲工匠创作，Learn the importance of creation. 借 creation 制造耳熟，但本段讲的是帮消费者做选择、懂设计技艺，从没说让消费者"认识创作的重要性"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 25 题：Why do state art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2016年12月第1套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 A）To boost the local economy。答案句出自录音「State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably」（州艺术委员会帮助赞助本地手工艺节，这些节庆吸引大批游客消费者。这极大地提振了本地经济），靠This 指代+结果句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（This boosts the local economy considerably ↔ To boost the local economy.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（原文说节庆吸引的是 tourist consumers（游客消费者）来本地消费 draw crowds of tourist consumers，从没提"吸引外资"，To attract foreign investments. 里的 foreign investments 原文无任何对应）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文通篇围绕 crafts，To arouse public interest in crafts. 借 crafts 显得熟悉，且"引发兴趣"听上去合理，但原文交代赞助的结果是 boosts the local economy（提振经济），不是"激发公众对手工艺的兴趣"）；D 项属未提及（"保护传统文化"是听到"手工艺节"后最易凭常识脑补的高尚目的，但原文明确说赞助的结果是 This boosts the local economy considerably（提振本地经济），全篇未提 preserve culture，To preserve the traditional culture. 属想当然），均可排除。