2017年6月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What have past behavioural studies found about our brain? 直问研究的具体发现，句中没有 infer/suggest/imply 等推断信号，也不指向全文，属典型细节题。

题干 What have past behavioural studies found about our brain? 主干是 What have studies found about our brain，使用现在完成时强调研究已得出的结论；about our brain 是介词短语修饰 found，指出研究的对象。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  Its capacity actually knows no limits. 称大脑容量无极限，但定位句只谈过往研究的发现是学习引发遗忘，与容量无关；且 Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full 反向暗示大脑确有过载风险，故选项与文意相反。

• B)无中生有

  It grows sophisticated with practice. 称大脑因练习变得复杂；原文 brains are more sophisticated than that 中 sophisticated 是说大脑结构本就复杂，不涉及任何 practice，选项凭空加入练习这一因果。

• C)偷换概念

  It keeps our most precious memories until life's end. 来自 whose shelves house our most precious memories，但原文只是开篇用图书馆比喻引出话题，并未声称大脑一直保留到生命终点，更不是过往行为研究的发现；且 P2 紧接着否定了大脑容量无限的隐含，与本选项矛盾。

• D)✓ 正确
  • learning new information can lead to forgetting↔New information learned pushes old information out.

  New information learned pushes old information out. 把预判中的新信息→遗忘旧信息精准还原，且与 P2 的 pushed out 表述呼应，是定位句的同义改写，故为正确答案。

What is the benefit of forgetting? 问的是文中明示的好处，没有 imply、suggest 等推断信号，是细节题。

题干 What is the benefit of forgetting? 主干 What is the benefit；of forgetting 是介词短语修饰 benefit，forgetting 是动名词，整句结构简单，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  It frees us from painful memories. 把 forgetting 的好处扯到摆脱痛苦记忆，但 P4 全段谈的是无关旧信息干扰新信息（如旧密码干扰新密码），从未涉及 painful memories，属凭空捏造。

• B)无中生有

  It helps slow down our aging process. 把好处定位为延缓衰老，P4 与全文均未提及 aging process，属彻底偏离文本的常识联想。

• C)✓ 正确
  • This process improves access to relevant information↔It facilitates our access to relevant information.

  It facilitates our access to relevant information. 与预判更容易取用相关信息逐词对齐，且对应原文同句同结构，是定位句的精准同义改写。

• D)与原文相反

  It prevents old information from forming associations. 说遗忘阻止旧信息形成联想；但 When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate(合并) it within existing information by forming associations. 明示大脑形成联想是自动机制，且本段讨论的是遗忘让旧信息不再干扰检索，并非阻止联想形成，逻辑相反。

What is the emphasis of current studies of memory? 直问当前研究的重点，无推断信号词，属于细节题。

题干 What is the emphasis of current studies of memory? 主干 What is the emphasis；of current studies of memory 是两个 of 介词短语依次修饰 emphasis，逐层缩窄到 memory 这一研究领域，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the conditions under which we forget↔When people tend to forget.

  When people tend to forget. 把 conditions under which we forget 抽象为 when 的疑问从句，与预判遗忘发生的条件精准对应，是正确答案。

• B)偷换概念

  What contributes to forgetting. 看似与 A 仅一字之差，但 contributes to 强调的是原因或贡献因素（为什么会遗忘），与 the conditions under which we forget 强调的何种条件下（即 when/where 的情境）并非同义；研究遗忘的条件，并不等同于研究遗忘的成因。这是四级最经典的差一点干扰项。

• C)无中生有

  How new technology hinders memory capacity. 把当前研究的方向扯到新技术对记忆的妨碍；全文无任何 technology 出现，属彻底无据。

• D)过度推断

  Why learning and forgetting are complementary. 谈学习与遗忘的互补关系；P7 只说 majority of previous research has focused on learning，current studies 转向 forgetting 的条件，并未做出二者互补的归纳。

What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life? 询问拥有特殊能力的人对其感受的客观陈述，无推断信号词，属细节题。

题干 What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life? 主干 What do people find；about their rare ability 是介词短语指明发现的对象；to remember every detail of their life 是不定式作 ability 的后置定语，把 ability 具体化为记住一生每个细节。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • often find their unusual ability burdensome↔It adds to the burden of their memory.

  It adds to the burden of their memory. 用 adds to the burden of their memory 还原 burdensome 的负担含义，与预判觉得这种能力是负担一致，是正确答案。

• B)过度推断

  It makes their life more complicated. 把负担感扩张到使生活变复杂；原文只说 unusual ability burdensome，并未谈及 life 的复杂程度，且 burden 与 complicate 不等义。

• C)与原文相反

  It contributes to their success in life. 称这种能力有助于成功；原文明示这种能力是 burdensome（负担），与有助于成功方向相反。

• D)过度推断

  It constitutes a rare object of envy. 称这种能力是令人羡慕的稀有对象；原文 it may sound like an advantage to many 只说听起来像优势，未及 envy（羡慕）；且该让步从句的核心仍是主句的 burdensome。

What does the passage say about forgetting? 中 the passage say about 指向全文性表述，而非某段细节，需要把全文关于 forgetting 的论述串成主线后作答。

题干 What does the passage say about forgetting? 主干 What does the passage say；about forgetting 是介词短语修饰 say，指明文章谈论的对象。结构简洁，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  It can enlarge our brain capacity. 称遗忘能扩大大脑容量；原文 brains are more sophisticated than that 已否定容量的简单加减观，Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full 也只说防止过载，并未说扩大容量。

• B)无中生有

  It helps get rid of negative memories. 把 forgetting 的功能定为摆脱负面记忆；全文谈的是无关或干扰性记忆（如旧密码、过期车位），从未谈 negative memories，且 Q52 也已显示原文是 relevant 与 irrelevant 之分，不是 positive 与 negative 之分。

• C)✓ 正确
  • forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories↔It is a way of organising our memories.
  • Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.↔It is a way of organising our memories.

  It is a way of organising our memories. 与 forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories 近乎逐词等值，且覆盖全文论述（好处、机制、当前研究方向都服务于此结论），是主旨题正确答案。

• D)以偏概全

  It should not cause any alarm in any way. 用两个 any 的绝对化表述称遗忘任何情形下都不应引起警觉；原文 And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. 显示有时遗忘确会带来困扰，且 P8 提到能记住一切的人觉得是负担，说明记忆相关问题并非毫无值得警惕之处，绝对化表述不成立。