2018年12月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

Why is PepsiCo making a policy change? 问的是某一具体动作的原因，答案应在原文某一句因果句里直接落地，而不是全文推导。

Why is PepsiCo making a policy change? 是标准的 Why 一般疑问句，主语 PepsiCo、谓语现在进行时 is making、宾语 a policy change，结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  原文只提 regulatory pressure intensifies——监管压力，而非寻求联邦政府支持；监管压力是要被应对的对象，不是要被赢取的支持者，方向相反。

• B)无中生有

  原文通篇未提全球市场竞争，更未把改革动机归于全球竞争；这是把企业话题默认套上「拓展海外」的常识联想。

• C)✓ 正确
  • consumers demand healthier options↔satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods

  预判核心「消费者对健康食品需求增加」与 satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods 完全对应，不需要任何额外推理即可锁定。

• D)答非所问

  spend billions of dollars 是改革的「手段」（投资多少），而非改革的「动机」；本题问的是 why 改革，不是 how 改革，方向错位。

What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future? 问公司未来必须做的具体动作，答案落在原文某一句具体表态上。

What does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future? 主句是 What does PepsiCo think，think 后接省略 that 的宾语从句 it will have to do…；考生易被双层嵌套迷惑，其实要的就是宾语从句里那个动作。

• A)偷换概念

  P2 强调的是「路还很长」，并未点明要追加投资开发新零食；had doubled research and development spending 谈的是过去五年已做的事，而非未来必须做。

• B)张冠李戴

  record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US 和 P4 P5 都把降肥胖归为社会层面的事，Nooyi 明说 We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles——这不是百事自认为「必须做」的事。

• C)张冠李戴

  Society has to change its habits 是 Nooyi 让社会改习惯，不是百事承诺去改消费者的习惯；主语错位。

• D)✓ 正确
  • it still has a long way to go↔Keep on improving its products

  预判「持续把产品改良得更健康」与 Keep on improving its products 中 keep on（持续）+ improving products（改良产品）两个成分逐一对应。

Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi? 用 according to 锁定信息来源人，问的是该人给出的具体理由，答案应是其原话的同义替换。

Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi? 主句 Why does PepsiCo plan to alter its products，逗号后的 according to Indra Nooyi 是信源状语；考生易忽略 according to，错把全篇所有理由都纳入备选。

• A)✓ 正确
  • important for the company's growth↔ensure the company's future development

  预判「为了公司自身的发展」与 To ensure the company's future development 中 ensure（确保）+ future development（未来发展）一一对应。

• B)偷换概念

  In the past we had to have a taste trade-off 谈的是公司之前面临「健康与口味难两全」的内部困境，并未说消费者口味发生改变；选项把「内部权衡」改成「顾客口味变化」是偷换。

• C)与原文相反

  We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles 明说公司在改变生活方式方面无能为力，本选项与原文相反。

• D)答非所问

  But we're breaking that trade-off 描述的是「能做到的事」（手段），而第 53 题问 Nooyi 给出的改造产品的「动因」；动因在 important for the company's growth，手段不是动因。

What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic? 问指定人物对指定话题的观点，是典型转述类细节题。

What does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic? 主句为 What does Indra Nooyi say，about the obesity epidemic 限定话题范围，结构清晰。

• A)无中生有

  原文从未把肥胖归因于过量吃零食，相反 We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat 暗示零食可以改良，归因落在「久坐」而非「吃零食过量」。

• B)张冠李戴

  高糖高盐摄入是 lower sugar, salt and fat 这一改革目标的对象，原文从未让 Nooyi 把肥胖归因于糖盐摄入；Nooyi 谈肥胖时只提生活方式。

• C)✓ 正确
  • consumers' lifestyles have changed significantly↔attributable to people's changed lifestyles

  预判「肥胖源于生活方式的改变」与 attributable to people's changed lifestyles 中「归因于」+「人们改变了的生活方式」一一对应。

• D)过度推断

  原文说的是 more time is spent in front of computers——电脑前久坐，而不是 longer working hours——更长工时；电脑前的时间可以是娱乐，把它等同于工时是过度推断。

What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective? 问公司为达成目标一直在做的具体事情，答案应是原文某一句具体行为的同义替换。

What has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective? 主句现在完成进行时 What has PepsiCo been doing，后接不定式 to achieve its objective 作目的状语；结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation 说的是公司计划「以 WHO 指南为依据」，并非公司「一直在研究 WHO 指南」；based on 不等于 studying。

• B)✓ 正确
  • had doubled research and development spending in the past five years↔Increasing its research funding

  预判「持续增加研发经费」与 Increasing its research funding 中 Increasing（增加）+ research funding（研发经费）一一对应。

• C)无中生有

  原文未提百事在拓展海外市场，全篇焦点都在产品健康改造与研发投入。

• D)与原文相反

  companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales 明确反对靠削减成本提升销量，且 committed to sustaining investment 是承诺持续投入，与「削减生产成本」方向相反。