2018年12月·第2套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What happened at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday?

新闻开篇第一句总述。答案信号是"新闻第一句"：Rescue crews pulled a man to safety after a collapse at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday. 出现在录音最开头，新闻惯例是首句一句话交代核心事件，What happened 的答案就在这里，无需再往后找。

• pulled a man to safety↔A man was pulled to safety主被动转换
• after a collapse at a construction site↔after a building collapse概括替换

• B)原词陷阱B 盗用了录音里 trapped under a beam about 10 feet below the surface 中的 beam 和 ten feet，拼成 A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.，但录音说的是"被困在地表以下约 10 英尺处的一根横梁下"，不是"一根约 10 英尺长的横梁塌到地上"——10 英尺指的是深度不是梁长，且塌的是楼不是梁，答非所问。

  借用原文：He was trapped under a beam about 10 feet below the surface

• C)张冠李戴C 盗用录音里 buried up to his waist in the basement 的 basement 和"被困"概念，拼成 A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.，但录音里被困在地下室的是一名"non-worker civilian"（非工人平民），救援人员（Rescue crews）是去救人的，被困者与救援者张冠李戴。

  借用原文：A man described as a "non-worker civilian" was buried up to his waist in the basement.

• D)与原文相反D 盗用录音结尾 It was the site of a 2006 fire 里的 fire 和 100-year-old building，拼成 A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.，但录音说火灾是 2006 年的旧事、这栋百年楼此后一直空置；周二发生的是坍塌不是着火，把陈年旧事当成本次主事件了。

  借用原文：It was the site of a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.

What does the report say about the "non-worker civilian"?

描述此人当时行为的直陈句。答案信号是"录音中正面交代此人行为的那一句"：The man was collecting building materials when the first floor collapsed underneath him. 直接说明事发当时这名平民在做什么（收集建材），正是题干问"报道关于此人说了什么"的落点。

• The man was collecting building materials↔He was collecting building materials近乎原句替主语

• A)与原文相反A 称 He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.（在事故中受致命伤），但录音明说 he is in stable condition with non-life-threatening injuries（情况稳定、伤势无生命危险），fatal（致命）与 non-life-threatening（无生命危险）正好相反，伤情程度被反向夸大。

  借用原文：Officials said he is in stable condition with non-life-threatening injuries.

• B)原词陷阱B 盗用录音里 The Fire Department of New York 中的 fire department，编成 He once served in a fire department.（他曾在消防部门任职），但录音里 Fire Department 是发布消息的官方机构，从未说这名平民当过消防员，是把机构名硬安成此人的过去职业。

  借用原文：The Fire Department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially collapsed.

• D)张冠李戴D 称 He moved into his neighbor's old house.（他搬进了邻居的旧屋），盗用录音 purchased by a neighboring church 里的 neighboring（邻近的）一词，但录音说的是这栋百年楼"被邻近的一座教堂买下"，且无人搬入（楼一直空置），主体（教堂 vs 此人）和动作（买下 vs 搬入）都被掉包。

  借用原文：The building was reportedly purchased by a neighboring church in 2011.

What does the organization National Numeracy aim to do?

aims to challenge 同义复现题干的 aim。录音里 which aims to challenge the nation's negative view of the subject 用的正是题干同一个 aims to 信号词，后面紧跟的动作就是机构宗旨；听到 aims to 这个与题干呼应的词，就该锁定这一句。

• aims to challenge the nation's negative view of the subject↔Change British people's negative view of mathschallenge 换 change、the subject 还原成 maths

• A)原词陷阱选项 Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. 借了录音里 poor maths skills 的 maths skills 来诱选，但录音说的是普通成年人数学差，从没说要 "提高高中教师的数学技能"，对象与动作都对不上。

  借用原文：poor maths skills can affect an individual's life

• C)原词陷阱选项 Help British people understand their paychecks. 抓的是录音开头 struggling to understand their paychecks 的 paychecks（工资单）。但那只是用来描述 "人们数学差到看不懂工资单" 的现象举例，不是机构的宗旨；机构宗旨是改变看法，不是专门教人看工资单。

  借用原文：struggling to understand their paychecks or calculate money in shops

• D)未提及选项 Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 听上去合理，但录音通篇只说挑战负面看法、强调小学教师懂概念，从没提 launch a campaign（发起运动）也没说 promote maths teaching（推广数学教学），属于自己脑补，方向也偏到了 "推广教学" 而非 "改变看法"。

What is vital according to the chief executive of National Numeracy?

vital 一词原样出现，紧跟其后即答案。录音里 it was vital that all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts 的 vital 与题干 vital 完全同词，that 引导的从句就是 "什么至关重要" 的答案内容；听到 vital 立刻抓其后从句。

• all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts↔Primary school teachers understand basic maths conceptskey 换成 basic，主干几乎照搬

• A)偷换概念选项 Children take maths courses at an earlier age. 看似呼应录音 young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on 里的 young children，但录音说的是孩子早学不好基础日后会吃亏，从没说要让孩子 "更早去上数学课"，把因果与措辞都改了。

  借用原文：young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on

• B)原词陷阱选项 The public sees the value of maths in their life. 蹭的是录音 We want to challenge this 'I can't do maths' attitude 里讲态度的内容，但那是首席执行官说 "想挑战的心态"，回答的是 "想做什么"，不是 "什么 vital"；而且录音并没说公众 "看到了数学的价值"。

  借用原文：We want to challenge this 'I can't do maths' attitude that is prevalent in the UK

• C)与原文相反选项 British people know how to do elementary calculations. 借了录音 they often can't calculate or give change 的 calculate，但录音是说很多人 "算不来、找不开零钱" 的糟糕现状，恰恰是反着的；且这话出自 chairman，不是题干限定的 chief executive，也不是他说 vital 的内容。

  借用原文：they often can't calculate or give change

What does the report say about the Dutch king?

报道开篇点题句即落点。新闻第一句往往就是主信息，本句 he has held down a part-time second job 直接交代了核心事实，加上 for more than two decades 和 after 21 years 两处时间数字反复强调“二十多年/21 年”，这正是答案信号——数字被反复念到的地方多半是考点。

• a part-time second job↔a part-time job去掉second后同义
• for more than two decades↔for over 20 yearsdecades换算成years

• A)原词陷阱选项盗用了录音里的 fleet of aircraft，但原文 the national airline's fleet of now-outdated aircraft 说机队属于国家航空公司，他只是来当客座副驾驶，并非他“拥有”一支机群，是听到 fleet of aircraft 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the national airline's fleet of now-outdated aircraft

• B)与原文相反选项借用了原文 pilot/retrain to fly 的影子，但 he recently ended his role as a regular "guest pilot" after 21 years 说明他干客座飞行员已 21 年，后面 retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s 只是改飞新机型的再培训，不是“在学着当飞行员”，与原文相反。

  借用原文：he recently ended his role as a regular "guest pilot" after 21 years

• C)未提及原文恰恰相反，国王把飞行称作 a "hobby" 并说 the most relaxing part of flying，是把它当放松的爱好；选项说他视王室职责为 burden（负担），原文根本没这么说，且情感方向与“放松、享受”相反，属无中生有。

Why does the king say he likes flying?

最高级the most relaxing标出真落点。国王自述里有最高级 the most relaxing part of flying——“最……的部分”是他强调的重点所在，正是答案信号；加上 change focus 与选项的 change focus 呼应，定位到这句即可。

• change focus and concentrate on something else↔change his focus of attention几乎原句改写
• the most relaxing part of flying↔relax形容词relaxing转动词relax

• A)原词陷阱选项里的 piloting 来自原文反复出现的 pilot/fly，但国王说喜欢飞行是为了放松换心情，从没说是为了 demonstrate his superior piloting skills（展示高超技术），是借飞行话题词制造的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s

• C)未提及选项的 royalty 借自原文 king/royal duties，但他给的理由是放松、转移注意，从没说喜欢飞行是为了 show his difference from other royalty（显出自己跟其他王室不一样），属无中生有。

  借用原文：his royal duties

• D)张冠李戴原文确实提到他在机场不被认出、很少人注意他，但那是讲乘客反应（第 7 题），不是他喜欢飞行的原因；选项 come into closer contact with his people 把别处的信息安到“喜欢飞行的原因”上，且原文 rarely recognised by passengers 反而说他没怎么和人接触，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：rarely recognised by passengers

What does the king say about passengers at the airport?

新闻结尾句+程度词rarely/few。这是报道末尾收束句，集中描述乘客反应，正对题干的 passengers；句中 rarely recognised 与 Very few people pay attention 两处程度词（很少/几乎没人）是答案信号——程度词标出的正是这句的核心信息。

• he is rarely recognised by passengers↔They rarely recognised him.被动改主动、原义不变

• A)未提及原文只说乘客很少注意他、认不出他，从没说乘客 enjoyed his company（喜欢和他相处）；这与“几乎没人注意他”反而方向相反，属凭想象添加的反应，未提及。
• B)原词陷阱选项里的 uniform 直接盗自原文 in his airline uniform and cap，但原文提制服是为了说明“穿着制服走过也没人注意”，根本没说乘客 liked him in his uniform（喜欢他穿制服的样子），是听到 uniform 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：in his airline uniform and cap

• D)与原文相反原文是乘客 rarely recognised 他、几乎没人注意他，谈不上 surprised to see him（见到他很惊讶）——既然认不出，自然也不会因认出而惊讶，选项把反应改成了相反方向。

  借用原文：he is rarely recognised by passengers

Why did Semenov's grandparents start a furniture plant in Bucharest?

saw a business opportunity 点出动机。被问者直接应答里出现 my grandparents saw a business opportunity，"saw…opportunity(看到商机)"正是讲创办动机的信号词，这句即答案句。

• my grandparents saw a business opportunity↔They saw a business opportunity there.近乎原句、仅换主语为代词

• A)未提及They were skilled carpenters themselves. 说祖父母自己是熟练木匠，录音通篇只讲"看到对家具的需求"，从未说他们本人会木工，属未提及的编造。
• B)原词陷阱It didn't need much capital to start with. 里的 capital 确在录音出现——但原文 My grandfather and father did not have much capital 讲的是"后来缺资金限制了增长"，是公司成长的挑战，不是"创办的原因"，盗用 capital 来骗听到原词就选的人。

  借用原文：did not have much capital

• C)原词陷阱Wood supply was plentiful in Romania. 里 Romania 录音确实反复念到，但原文 A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania. 是讲"原料来自罗马尼亚"，并未说"木材供应充足"，更不是创办原因，靠地名 Romania 制造熟悉感骗人。

  借用原文：comes from Romania

What was Semenov's grandfather trying to do?

aim was to 直陈目标。Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wooden furniture 中的 aim was to(目标是)是表意图的强信号词，其后内容即"想做什么"，这句就是答案句。

• provide quality yet affordable wooden furniture↔Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.形容词改写成介词短语

• B)原词陷阱Attract foreign investment to expand business. 的 investment 录音念过——但 There was also more financial investment 是"2007 年入欧后投资变多"的客观结果，不是祖父"想做的事"，盗 investment 误导。

  借用原文：more financial investment

• C)原词陷阱Enlarge their company by hiring more workers. 暗合原文 we went from having 20 employees to 200，但那是"入欧后规模扩大"的结果，并非祖父早年的目标，把后来的扩张说成祖父的初衷。

  借用原文：from having 20 employees to 200

• D)原词陷阱Open some more branch companies in Germany. 借 Germany 制造熟悉感——录音 our biggest market is Germany 只说德国是最大市场，从没说要在德国开分公司，纯属嫁接。

  借用原文：our biggest market is Germany

What does Semenov say about her company's raw materials?

被问者用 Correct 应答 + 直陈来源。提问 And all the wood is local? 后，被问者答 A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.，这是对"原料来源"问句的直接应答，comes from(来自)点明来源，即答案句。

• A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania↔They all come from Romania.A hundred percent = all

• A)未提及They are from her hometown. 说原料来自"她的家乡"，录音只说来自 Romania(国家)，从未提"家乡"，属编造。
• B)与原文相反They are imported from Germany. 借后文 our biggest market is Germany 的 Germany 当诱饵，但德国是"销售市场"不是"原料来源"，且原文明说原料 100% 来自罗马尼亚，与"进口自德国"正好相反。

  借用原文：comes from Romania

• D)偷换概念They come from all over the continent. 的 continent 来自 sell our products all across the continent——但那讲的是"产品卖到全大陆"，不是"原料来自全大陆"，把销售范围偷换成原料来源，且与"100% 来自罗马尼亚"矛盾。

  借用原文：all across the continent

Where does Semenov's company sell their products?

sell…all across the continent 直陈范围。we could now sell our products all across the continent 中 sell…across the continent(卖遍整个大陆)直接回答"卖到哪"，且紧接在"2007 年加入欧盟"之后，all across 是范围信号，这句即答案句。

• all across the continent↔All across Europe.the continent = Europe

• B)过度推断Throughout the world. 把范围夸大到"全世界"，原文只说卖遍 the continent(欧洲大陆)，没有任何卖到全球的表述，是把"全大陆"过度放大。

  借用原文：all across the continent

• C)原词陷阱Mostly in Bucharest. 借开头 open a furniture plant in Bucharest 的 Bucharest 当诱饵——但那是"工厂所在地"，不是"产品销往地"，把生产地冒充销售地。

  借用原文：in Bucharest

• D)与原文相反In Romania only. 的 only 把销售范围卡死在罗马尼亚一国，恰与原文"入欧后卖遍全大陆"相反——那正是公司打开市场之前的旧局面，取了转折前的状态。

  借用原文：sell our products all across the continent

What does the man invite the woman to do this weekend?

邀约句I can add…if you’d like。男士说 I can call to add two more to the table if you’d like.，if you’d like 是发出邀请的语气标志，前面 try it out this weekend 又点明动作是去试新餐厅，这句就是承载邀约的答案句。

• try it out this weekend↔Try out a new restaurant together in town代词还原加同义改写

• A)原词陷阱concert 是原文后面 concerts, festivals and small shops 提到的杂志内容之一，并非男士本周末的邀约；选项 Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend. 把这个原词搬来制造“听到 concert 就想选”的错觉，与周末去餐厅无关。

  借用原文：concerts, festivals and small shops

• C)原词陷阱Pearl 在原文是餐厅名 the new restaurant, the Pearl，Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan. 却把它当成“珍珠”这件物品，编出“去为Susan挑珍珠”的动作，原文从无此事，属盗用专名后偷换概念。

  借用原文：the new restaurant, the Pearl

• D)原词陷阱restaurant openings 是原文谈杂志报道内容时出现的 new restaurant openings，男士周末是去“吃饭”不是去“参加开业典礼”；Attend the opening of a local restaurant. 把杂志话题里的词安到了周末邀约上。

  借用原文：new restaurant openings

What does the man say about (614) Magazine?

It has…信息说明句。男士在被问“你从哪知道这些”后直接介绍杂志：It has all the information on local events within the (614) column code area.，It has… 是对该物功能的正面说明句，正是答案句。

• It has all the information on local events↔It provides information on local events近义动词替换

• A)张冠李戴sponsor 一词原文确有，但说的是杂志 they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week，即杂志赞助活动；It is sponsored by local restaurants. 反过来说成“杂志被餐厅赞助”，主被动和施受方都倒了，是借原词制造的张冠李戴。

  借用原文：they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week

• B)过度推断杂志确实重点谈餐厅，如 I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting，但这只是它内容之一，原文从没说它“专做美食广告”；It specializes in food advertizing. 把“有餐厅信息”夸成“专门做食品广告”，无中生有。

  借用原文：I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting

• C)未提及It is especially popular with the young. 说杂志“特别受年轻人欢迎”，但全文谈的是杂志登什么内容，从未提及它的读者群体或受欢迎程度，属原文根本没说。

What does the man usually do with Susan during_____

习惯句 go to at least three…。男士说 Susan and I go to at least three different places during the event.，go to at least three 是描述习惯做法的句子，主语正是 Susan and I，对应题干 with Susan，这句即答案句。

• Susan and I go to at least three different places↔They go to eat at different stylish restaurants概括加同义还原

• A)原词陷阱special set menus 是原文真词，但出自 They have special set menus for the week，主语 They 指的是餐厅，是餐厅推套餐；They design a special set of menus for themselves. 把它说成“他们（男士和Susan）自己设计菜单”，盗用原词又换错了施动者。

  借用原文：They have special set menus for the week

• B)未提及They treat themselves to various entertainments. 说他们享受各种娱乐，但原文这段只讲他们去吃不同餐厅，从没提 entertainments，属原文未涉及的内容。
• D)过度推断去吃不同餐厅勉强算社交，但 They participate in a variety of social events. 把具体的“吃三家餐厅”上升为笼统的“参加各种社交活动”，比原文宽泛得多，是以偏概全式的过度概括。

  借用原文：Susan and I go to at least three different places during the event

Why does the man say the woman is in luck?

in luck 紧跟原因句。男士先说 You are in luck.，紧接着给原因 Restaurant Week starts in just a few days，because 虽未明说，但前因后果就在这相邻两句，原因句即答案句。

• Restaurant Week starts in just a few days↔This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon时间短语同义改写

• A)原词陷阱Restaurant Week 是原文反复出现的原词，但 More restaurants will join Restaurant Week. 说“更多餐厅会加入”，原文只说 All the stylish restaurants participate，从未提“今年餐厅变多”，借原词编造了规模变化。

  借用原文：All the stylish restaurants participate

• C)原词陷阱discount 原文确有，出自 try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price，说的是“能以折扣价吃贵餐厅”，并非“今年折扣更大”；Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week. 把 discounted 升级成 bigger discounts，无中生有又过度推断。

  借用原文：try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price

• D)未提及More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week. 说“今年会供应更多种类食物”，原文谈的是开始时间和折扣价，从没说食物种类会增多，属原文未提及。

What is the best way to get children to eat vegetables according to a recent study?

结论信号 the best way…is。录音里 The study found that the best way…is simply to give them repeated exposure to it 用了「研究发现……最好的办法是……」这种明摆着下结论的句式，结论句就是答案句，听到 the best way is 就该锁定。

• repeated exposure to it↔Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly名词短语换成动名词、it 还原成 vegetables

• A)原词陷阱录音开头确实念到家长 offer rewards or treats 给奖励，A 的 Rewarding them 就盗用了这个原词；但紧接着说不被夸奖反而更可能去吃，奖励法是被否定的做法，不是「最好的办法」，听到 reward 就选 A 正中陷阱。

  借用原文：Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share.

• C)未提及C 说 Improving the taste of vegetable dishes（改善菜的口味）听起来很合理，但录音通篇只让孩子反复尝、给奖励或夸奖，从没说过去改良蔬菜的味道，属于凭常识脑补、原文没提。
• D)未提及D 的 Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables（讲吃蔬菜的好处）是另一个常识里的办法，但录音只比较了反复尝、给玩具、口头表扬三种做法，从没提向孩子讲营养好处，原文无据。

What did the researchers find about carrots?

最高级信号 the least-liked。录音 carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters 出现最高级 the least-liked，正对应「四项都是最……」的选项；最高级处常是出题点，听到 the least-liked 就该锁定这一句。

• carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters↔They were disliked most by childrenleast-liked 与 disliked most 等值、主被动改写

• B)未提及B 说 most nutritious 最有营养，但录音对 carrots 只说了它「最不受欢迎」，全程没评价它的营养高低，B 是借最高级句式凭空生造的判断。
• C)原词陷阱C 说胡萝卜 least used in Belgian cooking 在比利时菜里最少用，Belgian 确是录音念到的原词（研究者来自 Belgium），听到地名就想选很危险；但录音说比利时是为了交代研究地点，从没说胡萝卜在比利时菜里用得少，属答非所问。

  借用原文：Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children.

• D)未提及D 说胡萝卜 essential to children's health 对孩子健康必不可少，听着合理，但录音对 carrots 只下了「最不受欢迎」这一个结论，从没谈它对健康是否必需，纯属常识脑补。

What does the result of this research show?

结尾数据对比收束全段结论。录音结尾 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them 与 68% … and 75% 形成数据对比，篇章独白常在结尾用数据收束主旨——这组「反复尝试组比例最高」的对比，正是整段要证明的结论落点。

• 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them↔Children's eating habits can be changed「原本最讨厌→反复尝后喜欢上」概括为「饮食习惯可被改变」

• A)未提及A 说 Vegetables differ in their nutritional value 蔬菜营养价值各异，录音虽列了五种蔬菜，却只比较孩子喜不喜欢，从没比较它们的营养高低，A 与研究结论无关。
• C)原词陷阱C 说 Parents watch closely what children eat 家长密切关注孩子吃什么，parents 是录音开头真念过的原词，但开头只说家长「难让孩子吃菜、会给奖励」，从没说家长「密切关注」，更不是这项研究的结果，属答非所问。

  借用原文：All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables.

• D)答非所问D 说 Children's choices of food vary greatly 孩子的食物选择差异很大，录音确实测了孩子对不同蔬菜的喜好，但研究的落点是「反复尝试能改变孩子去吃」，不是强调孩子间选择差异大，D 答非所问、以偏概全。

  借用原文：The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters.

What does the passage say may be unknown to many people?

many people don't know 直接点出未知点。信号是录音开头那句 many people don't know——它直接对应题干的"unknown to many people"，紧跟其后的 it has a lot of garbage on its surface 就是那个未知事实，是标准的开篇点题信号。

• it has a lot of garbage on its surface↔A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.主动变被动、同词不同句式

• C)原词陷阱录音确实念过 equipment sent to learn about the moon，C 项 There is quite a lot to learn about the moon. 就盗用了 learn about the moon 这串原词；但原文那句是说"许多旧设备是用来研究月球的"，并没有说"关于月球还有很多要学"，属听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：equipment sent to learn about the moon

• B)原词陷阱录音在列举各国航天机构时念到 including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India, and Europe，B 项 India has many space exploration programs. 抓住 India 做文章；但原文只是把印度列为参与方之一，从没说"印度有很多太空探索项目"，是把列举里的一个名字硬拔高。

  借用原文：including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India, and Europe

• A)过度推断A 项 Space exploration has serious consequences. 说"太空探索有严重后果"，录音通篇只讲"留下了垃圾"这一具体现象，从未上升到"严重后果"的评判，属于把具体事实拔成宏大结论的无中生有。

Why has a lot of equipment been left on the moon?

would have used up precious resources 点出代价。答案信号是 would have used up precious resources such as fuel——这是一个"若运回则会耗费宝贵资源(燃料)"的代价/必要性表达，正是解释"为何留下不带回"的那句。前一句 equipment that was no longer needed 交代了对象。

• would have used up precious resources such as fuel↔It is costly to bring back.耗费资源=costly 的概括同义

• D)原词陷阱录音后文确实念到 how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space，D 项 It is damaged by radiation. 就把 radiation 搬来；但原文那句是说"研究者可研究材料如何经受辐射"，并非说"设备被辐射损坏所以留下"，与本题问的"为何留下"风马牛不相及。

  借用原文：how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space over time

• C)与原文相反C 项 It is of no use on Earth. 说设备"在地球上没用"，但录音明确讲 some of the objects on the moon are still being used，强调有些物件仍在用——"没用"恰与原文相反。

  借用原文：some of the objects on the moon are still being used

• B)未提及B 项 It is risky to destroy. 说"销毁它有风险"，录音从头到尾没谈"销毁设备"或"风险"，是凭空造出来的理由，无任何原文支撑。

What can researchers do with the garbage on the moon?

Researchers can study 直接应答题干。答案信号就是主语词 Researchers can study the garbage 本身——它与题干 What can researchers do 一字对应，study 后面接的 how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space 就是要做的具体事。

• see how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space↔Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.weather=承受其影响的同义改写

• D)过度推断D 项 Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon. 谈"探索人类在月球定居"，听上去很符合太空探索的想象，但录音只字未提"定居"，研究者要做的是研究垃圾材料，把话题脑补到了"定居"上属过度推断——这正是预读时就标过问号的方向。
• B)原词陷阱B 项 Monitor the change of lunar weather. 用 lunar(月球的)蹭话题，且 weather 与原文动词 weathered 形近极易混；但原文 weathered 是动词"经受/风化"，根本不是名词"天气"，录音也没说监测什么"月球天气"，是偷换概念。

  借用原文：how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space over time

• A)原词陷阱A 项 Record details of space exploration. 盗用了录音里的 human space exploration；但原文从未说研究者要去"记录太空探索的细节"，研究者要做的是研究垃圾材料，record details 是凭空安上的动作。

  借用原文：left over from human space exploration

What does the passage say about email?

让步转折 Though 之后才是真意。句首 Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles 是让步铺垫，真正的表态在转折之后的 email is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future。让步从句先承认对方一半、主句才给结论，结论永远在主句。

• email is likely to retain an important role for business communication↔remain a means of business communicationretain≈remain，role≈means

• B)未提及录音只说邮件会保留作用，从没说它会"成为各种消息软件的竞争者"。a competitor of various messaging apps 借用了录音提到的 messaging apps 一词，但"竞争者"这层关系原文没说。

  借用原文：social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from email

• C)与原文相反replaced by social media 盗用了录音里的 social media，却把意思反了：录音让步部分只说社媒"接过部分作用"，主句明确说邮件会 retain（保留），并非被彻底取代。选项取了让步前半、又夸大成"被取代"，与主句结论相反。

  借用原文：social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from email

• D)原词陷阱录音后文确实提到公司 lack formal guidelines for emailing 并要分享 rules，governed by specific rules 盗用了 rules/guidelines 这层意思，但那是讲"目前缺规范、我来给几条"，并非回答"邮件未来会怎样"。听到 rules 就选，正中圈套。

  借用原文：a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for emailing

What should one do upon receiving a personalized email?

转折 But＋时间状语点出"及时回"。But it's common politeness to respond to a personal message 用 But 把话锋从"群发邮件不必回"转到"私人邮件要回"，紧接 preferably within 24 hours 给出时间要求。转折 But 后正是答案句，within 24 hours 这一时限对应选项里的"timely（及时）"。

• respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours↔Make a timely responserespond＝response，within 24 hours＝timely

• A)未提及Save the message in their file 说把邮件存进文件夹，录音对个人邮件只讲"要回、且及时"，从没提"存档"这个动作，属凭常识想当然，非原文所说。
• C)答非所问Examine the information carefully（仔细审查信息）录音并未对个人邮件这么要求。它和"判断要不要行动"听着像处理邮件的合理步骤，但录音对 personal message 的明确要求只是"回复"，仔细审查是考生自行加戏。
• D)原词陷阱See if any action needs to be taken 对应的是录音讲群发邮件那句 These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action 里的 action 一词，那是说群发邮件"不"需要回应或行动；选项把"是否需要行动"这层意思挪到了个人邮件头上，对象张冠李戴。

  借用原文：These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action

What does the passage say about a mass email?

直接定性句 It's not necessary to reply。It's not necessary to reply to a mass email 是对 mass email 的正面定性——"没必要回"；后一句 often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response 再次印证它不需要回应。听到 not necessary to reply 就锁定答案句。

• It's not necessary to reply to a mass email↔It requires no replynot necessary to reply＝requires no reply

• A)未提及It is to be passed on 说群发邮件该往下转，录音只说它"不必回、是告知性的"，从没说要转发，属无中生有。
• B)过度推断It is mostly junk 顺着录音 These emails are often informative（往往是告知性的）滑向"大多是垃圾"。但 informative（提供信息的）是中性词，录音并无贬义，把"告知性"推成"垃圾邮件"是过度引申。

  借用原文：These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence

• D)未提及It causes no concern 说群发邮件"不引起担忧"，录音讲的是"不必回/告知性"，concern 这一层（担不担心）原文压根没涉及，属臆造。

What should one do when writing a business email?

强调禁令 never use capitals。never use capitals to emphasize a word or words 用 never 发出明确禁令，是这段叮嘱里最斩钉截铁的一条；后一句 It's the same as yelling（如同大喊大叫）进一步强化。否定强调词 never 之后，往往就是出题点。

• never use capitals to emphasize a word or words↔Avoid using capitals for emphasisnever use＝Avoid using，emphasize＝emphasis

• A)未提及Make it as short as possible 说尽量写短，录音讲的是用词正规、别用缩写、注意拼写语法标点、别用大写，从没要求"越短越好"，属臆造。
• B)偷换概念Use simple and clear language 听着像写作好建议，但录音的要求是 use proper English（用规范英语）、别用缩写，强调的是"正规、合语法"，不是"简单清楚"。把 proper（规范）偷换成 simple（简单）是两回事。

  借用原文：It's also important to use proper English

• C)与原文相反Adopt an informal style of writing 盗用了录音里的 informal 一词，但意思反了：录音是说 emails, especially business emails, should be written using informal shortened forms of words 的反面——它否定用 informal shortened forms，主张当成正式信件来写。选项把否定对象当成了主张，极性相反。

  借用原文：doesn't mean emails, especially business emails, should be written using informal shortened forms of words