2019年12月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What is the finding of the new study? 问的是研究本身的客观结论，没有 infer / suggest / imply / mainly about 等推断或主旨信号词，要去原文找对应陈述句。

Q51 是 What is X of Y 的标准疑问句，主干是 the finding of the new study，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)答非所问

  Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular. 是第二句This is pushing sales of new microwaves的内容，属于由发现引出的后果，并非“新研究的发现”本身。

• B)无中生有

  The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health. 把话题引到“健康”，全文谈的是 CO2 排放与环境，未涉及健康危害。

• C)以偏概全

  CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment. 是 CO2 与气候的通识，但研究的具体发现不是“CO2 危害环境”，而是“微波炉排放被低估”。

• D)✓ 正确
  • may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emits as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars↔The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

  预判中的“超出认知”恰由 more CO2 than people think 直接对应，且“微波炉排放”主语也一致，是定位句的标准同义替换。

Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise? 用 Why 直问原因，要求找原文中明摆着的因果链，不需要推断。

Q52 是 Why are S expected to V 的被动疑问句，主干是 sales are expected to rise，expected to rise 是被动表将来趋势，理解时还原为“销量预计上涨”即可。

• A)✓ 正确
  • With costs falling↔They are becoming more affordable.

  预判已锁定“价格下降→更易购买”，选项 becoming more affordable 就是这条预判的最自然措辞。

• B)无中生有

  They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances. 中的“比其他电器寿命短”在原文中没有对照；原文只说 an average of eight years 后就丢掉，未将微波炉与别的电器寿命做比较。

• C)无中生有

  They are getting much easier to operate. 谈“操作越来越简单”，原文完全没有涉及微波炉操作难度的变化。

• D)答非所问

  They take less time to cook than other appliances. 说微波炉比其他电器更快——原文确实暗示微波炉快（for a couple of minutes），但全文从未把“做饭更快”作为销量上升的原因解释。

What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make? 直接索取研究给出的建议这一客观信息，不涉及推断。

Q53 是 What N does S make 的疑问句，主干是 the study makes a recommendation，by the University of Manchester 是后置介词短语修饰 study，提示是哪家研究——后置定语在四级考生眼里容易和后面动词混在一起，先把它和 study 焊死。

• A)偷换概念

  Cooking food of different varieties. 是原文 adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food 的扭曲——原文建议根据食物类型调整烹饪时间，而不是建议“做各种各样的食物”。

• B)✓ 正确
  • improving consumer awareness and behaviour↔Improving microwave users' habits.

  Improving microwave users' habits. 与定位句 improving consumer awareness and behaviour 几乎逐词对位，是预判的标准落点。

• C)无中生有

  Eating less to cut energy consumption. 把“减能耗”嫁接到“少吃”，原文未把“少吃”列为减能耗手段。

• D)过度推断

  Using microwave ovens less frequently. 让大家“少用”，但原文建议改善 awareness and behaviour，没有要求降低使用频率。

What does Professor David Reay try to argue? 直问某教授要论证什么，文中有该教授的明确表态句，无需读者自己推断。

Q54 是 What does S try to V 的疑问句，主干是 Professor David Reay tries to argue，try to 不是字面“尝试失败”，而是“想要论证、试图说明”的意思，等同于 argue。

• A)✓ 正确
  • their emissions are minor compared to those from cars↔There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
  • These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU↔far more emissions from cars than from microwaves

  选项把 Reay 的论点从汽车一侧重新表达为“汽车排放远多于微波炉”，正是预判内容；其余三个选项均偏离这一论点。

• B)过度推断

  People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often. 加入“劝大家少开车”的政策建议，Reay 文中只是用汽车做参照，未呼吁少用汽车。

• C)张冠李戴

  The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU. 把比较换成“英国 vs 其他欧盟国家”，但原文比较的是“汽车 vs 微波炉”，不是国与国。

• D)与原文相反

  More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful. 把 Reay 包装成“还需更多数据”的中立派，原文他立场鲜明，已经在用数据下结论，不是说数据不足。

What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves? 用 think of 索取评价立场，需要把 Reay 所在区间的评价性用词聚合起来得出极性。

Q55 是 What does S think of O 的疑问句，主干是 Reay thinks of the use of microwaves，think of = 评价、看待，不是字面“想起”；这点是四级常错点。

• A)与原文相反

  It will become less popular in the coming decades. 预测使用变少，原文恰相反：sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually，且 Reay 视销量上升为正面事。

• B)答非所问

  It makes everyday cooking much more convenient. 把焦点切到“日常做饭更方便”，但 Reay 的论述全部围绕能耗与排放，没有评价便利性。

• C)✓ 正确
  • rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing↔It plays a positive role in environmental protection.
  • Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient↔plays a positive role in environmental protection

  评价主线为正向 + 评价对象为 the use of microwaves，与 It plays a positive role in environmental protection. 的极性与对象都对得上。

• D)与原文相反

  It consumes more power than conventional cooking. 说微波炉比传统烹饪更耗电，与原文 microwaves are the most energy efficient 与 the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking 直接相反。