2024年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the passage say about the engineering profession in the United States 没有 infer/imply/mainly about 等推断或主旨标志，问 "the passage say"，是对原文已陈述事实的核对，属四级最高频的细节题。

题干主干是 What does the passage say about ...，是 say about 后接宾语的特殊疑问句，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱，只要知道 say about="就……说了什么"即可。

• A)无中生有

  原文只给比例数据，没有提任何"对待女工程师态度的变化"，a change in attitude towards women engineers since 1979 属于凭空添加新概念。

• B)✓ 正确
  • In 1970, the percentage of women majoring in engineering was less than 1%. In 1979, that number was 9%↔It witnessed a significant increase in women engineers in the 1970s
  • In 1970 和 In 1979↔in the 1970s

  预判要的是"70 年代女工程师比例大幅上升"，B 项 significant increase in women engineers in the 1970s 几乎逐词对应，无需犹豫即可锁定。

• C)与原文相反

  Today, only 21% of engineering majors are women, a number largely unchanged since 2000 明确说自 2000 年起男性主导未弱化，与 gradual weakening of male dominance 直接相反。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 2000 年只是"21% 未变"的起算点，并未说 2000 年工程专业人数达到最大，boasted the largest number of engineering majors in 2000 属于把时间词原样搬，结论却换了内容。

What does one survey taker say was her greatest challenge 是对原文一句引语的客观还原，属细节题。

What does one survey taker say was her greatest challenge 是个嵌套问句，say 后面接的是 "(that) her greatest challenge was ____"，疑问词 What 提到了句首，回原文找 "挑战是 ____" 这层语义即可。

• A)偷换概念

  原文受访者只是说"那些男性明显不如我合格"，是事实陈述；Not to feel superior to less qualified male engineers 把它扭曲成"不要觉得自己高人一等"，方向截然不同。

• B)答非所问

  原文 all the messages I was getting 是"挑战的背景"，不是"挑战本身"；B 项却把"不要把这些信息当真"说成挑战，错把背景当主体。

• C)与原文相反

  原文说"她被晋升/加薪的待遇不如男性"，C 项却说"在被晋升/加薪时不要看高自己的资历"，既颠倒了情境（她没有被同等晋升），也错读了态度。

• D)✓ 正确
  • continuing to believe in myself↔Not to lose self-confidence
  • all the messages I was getting were that I would never be taken seriously or promoted or given raises at the same rate as men↔though constantly discouraged or unfairly treated

  预判要"在打压中坚持自信"，D 项 Not to lose self-confidence though constantly discouraged or unfairly treated 两个要素全有，是定位句的精准同义替换。

How do women engineers frequently feel according to the two civil engineers 问的是"她们感觉如何"，依据 according to 直接锁定原文两位 civil engineer 的话，是细节归纳题。

How do women engineers frequently feel according to the two civil engineers 主干是 How do women engineers feel，frequently 是状语，according to ... 是介词短语作状语，限定信息来源，没有从句也无否定，是直白的特殊疑问句。

• A)偷换概念

  原文 On many levels, you're never quite one of the groups 中的 on many levels 修饰"在多个层面上"不属于群体，A 项 Disqualified on many levels 把它说成"在多个层面上不合格"，是把"不属于群体"换成"不合格"。

• B)✓ 正确
  • We are constantly reminded that we don't truly belong↔Excluded from the group
  • you're never quite one of the groups↔Excluded from the group

  预判要"不属于/被排除的情绪"，B 项 Excluded from the group 直接对应两位受访者的核心情感，是最稳的同义替换。

• C)张冠李戴

  P6 全段谈的是"不属于群体"的归属感问题，根本未涉及工作量；Overworked by their organizations 是从 work twice as hard 借来的概念，硬塞进了 53 题。

• D)过度推断

  原文两位土木工程师讲的是"被整个圈子提醒不属于"，并未具体说"是男同事看低自己"；Looked down upon by male colleagues 把抽象的群体压缩成"男同事"这一具体施动者。

What probably makes young women engineers more accepted nowadays 看似含 probably 像推断，实质问"原文里给出的原因是什么"，原文已经直说理由，仍是细节题。

What probably makes young women engineers more accepted nowadays 是 What makes sb. + 形容词 的使役结构，What 作主语，makes 是谓语，young women engineers 是宾语，more accepted nowadays 是宾语补足语，意为"是什么让年轻女工程师如今更被接受"。

• A)张冠李戴

  原文 Young women engineers are on an equal footing until they have children 只说"育前与男性平起平坐"，是过去就存在的状态，不是"如今更被接受"的新原因；A 项 Their success in gaining an equal footing 把它包装成新成就，归错原因。

• B)与原文相反

  原文 then they struggle to balance work and family 明明说"在生育后她们挣扎于平衡工作与家庭"，B 项却说"她们有能力平衡工作与家庭"，方向完全相反。

• C)无中生有

  原文 compete with men who don't have the same household responsibilities 提到"家庭责任不对等"，但从未说女工程师的责任发生了变化；C 项 The change in their responsibilities 是凭空增添一个变化。

• D)✓ 正确
  • there are just more of them↔The increase in their number

  预判要"人数变多"，D 项 The increase in their number 是这层意思的最贴近名词化表达，无可争议。

What can we conclude about many female engineers from the statement of a mechanical engineer 中的 conclude+from 是典型推断题信号，需要从一位受访者的具体话语得出"许多女工程师"层面的结论。

What can we conclude about many female engineers from the statement of a mechanical engineer 主干为 What can we conclude，about many female engineers 是 conclude 的对象，from the statement of a mechanical engineer 是信息来源；问的是"从这位机械工程师的话里能得出关于许多女工程师的什么结论"。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Many women engineers hailed the benefits of their chosen career↔They take great pride in their chosen career
  • It is also satisfying to see the effects of what you have done↔take great pride in their chosen career

  预判要"对职业感到自豪"，A 项 take great pride in their chosen career 在态度极性和概括层级上都对得最准，是最贴预判的一项。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 give you the flexibility to do almost anything 是说"这份职业能给你灵活度"，强调的是职业本身的属性；B 项 reaped the benefits of being flexible 把它说成"她们因"自己"灵活而获益"，把工具属性挪到了人本身。

• C)无中生有

  原文 engineering is the best degree 是"工程是最好的学位"，整体作主系表；C 项 enjoy doing engineering to the best degree 把 the best degree 拆成 to the best degree（=最大程度地）作状语，意思变成"以最高程度享受做工程"，是字面拼凑出的伪意思。

• D)过度推断

  原文 give you the flexibility to do almost anything 是工程这个职业"能让你"做几乎任何事，是潜在可能；D 项 proved capable of doing almost anything 说她们"已经证明自己能做几乎任何事"，把可能性升级为既定事实。