2025年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

题干 What do we learn from the passage about the economics professor and her hairdresser 锁定两位具体人物，要在原文里抓他们各自的具体说法，属于事实型细节题。

句子主干是 What do we learn from the passage about ...，about 引出涉及的对象；并列结构 the economics professor and her hairdresser 由 and 连接两个名词短语，无从句、无否定，结构平直无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • The hairdresser agreed but for a different reason↔They differ in their reasons for continuing to work

  预判强调 "两人继续工作的理由不同"，A 项 They differ in their reasons for continuing to work 恰好对此点 100% 命中，无引申无超纲，可直接锁定。

• B)答非所问

  B 项 They are both committed to working into their 70s 把题目焦点偏到 "是否都坚持工作到 70 多岁"，但题目问的是 "对照两人有何不同"，不是问共同点。

• C)无中生有

  C 项 They are happy about their current financial situation 说两人都对当前财务状况满意，但理发师明确说 She needs the money，怎么也谈不上 happy。

• D)偷换概念

  D 项 They hold different views about postponing retirement 似乎与 A 相近，但 different views about postponing retirement 意为 "在是否推迟退休这件事上观点不同"，而原文里两人都决定继续工作，差异在理由而不在观点。

题干 What is one of the reasons for people to delay retirement 询问具体原因，要在原文清单里点对清单项，属典型细节题。

主干 What is one of the reasons，后接介词短语 for people to delay retirement 作后置定语；for 引导原因方向，不定式 to delay 表逻辑动作，结构清晰，无难点。

• A)偷换概念

  原文说 the increase in the number of people working in less labor-intensive occupations——是 "从事劳动强度小的职业的人变多"，A 项 less intellectually challenging jobs 偷换为 "智力上挑战较小的工作"，labor-intensive（体力密集）与 intellectually challenging（智力挑战）不是一回事。

• B)无中生有

  B 项 The number of jobs suitable for older people has increased in the private sector 说私人部门里适合老年人的岗位增多，但原文 a shift away from traditional pensions in the private sector 谈的是养老金机制远离传统模式，并未谈岗位数量的变化。

• C)✓ 正确
  • years of slow rise in real wages↔The rate of wage increase in terms of purchasing power has slowed down for years

  预判锁定 "实际工资多年涨得慢"，C 项 The rate of wage increase in terms of purchasing power has slowed down for years 把同一信息用购买力的角度表达，是教科书式同义替换。

• D)偷换概念

  原文 a shift away from traditional pensions in the private sector 是 "私人部门正在远离传统养老金"——指制度变化；D 项 find it hard to rely on traditional pensions 偷换成 "人们觉得难以依赖传统养老金"——指主观感受。两者方向虽近，但原文从未谈及人们的主观难度感。

题干 What is the general trend in people delaying retirement 询问的是原文里已经写明的整体规律，去找总括句即可，不需越级推断。

主干 What is the general trend，介词短语 in people delaying retirement 中 people delaying retirement 是 in 的复合宾语（动名词短语带逻辑主语），结构平直、无从句。

• A)无中生有

  A 项 The higher their earnings, the more likely they are tempted to delay retirement 把维度换成 earnings（收入），原文 all different levels of educational attainment 谈的是学历，没有任何收入分层数据。

• B)张冠李戴

  B 项 Those who have more job satisfaction tend to retire later than those who have less 谈职业满意度的影响，但本段只有学历分层数据，没有关于 job satisfaction 的对比；此话题虽在第 6 段简短出现，与 "general trend" 不是同一议题。

• C)张冠李戴

  C 项 More men than women are likely to stay in the labor force until their late seventies 涉及性别差异，原文虽然第 6 段提到 particularly for men，但那是讲孤独感、不是 general trend 数据；本段从未做性别对比。

• D)✓ 正确
  • The share of Americans with bachelor's degrees who were working into their 70s reached nearly 20%↔The higher their educational level, the more likely they are to delay retirement

  预判出 "学历越高，延迟退休比例越高"，D 项 The higher their educational level, the more likely they are to delay retirement 正是这一规律的语句化，无遗漏无超纲。

题干 What is the chief reason for college-educated workers delaying retirement 询问原文中经济学家明确给出的主因，按细节题处理即可。

主干 What is the chief reason，介词短语 for college-educated workers delaying retirement 作后置定语，分词 delaying 修饰 workers 表正在延迟；末尾 according to an economist 是插入限定信息源，结构清晰。

• A)与原文相反

  A 项 Enjoying financial security 把主因说成 "享受经济保障"，但原文明确 more for social benefits than for financial reasons —— financial 恰恰是被否定的次要原因，A 项正好反向。

• B)✓ 正确
  • more for social benefits than for financial reasons↔Staying connected socially

  预判抓 social benefits，B 项 Staying connected socially 正面命中；其余选项均与 social 无直接对应，可一眼锁定。

• C)过度推断

  C 项 Contributing more professionally 说 "在专业上贡献更多"，原文 in professional occupations where they tend to enjoy their work more 只说他们多从事专业职业、并享受工作，并未提 "为了贡献更多" 才不退休。

• D)无中生有

  D 项 Increasing social security payments 把 social 与 financial 拼成 "提高社会保障金"，是基于熟词 social 的乱凑，原文从未提及社会保障金（social security 是美国福利专名）。

题干 What does the passage say about people doing manual work 直接问原文对该群体的具体说法，按细节题处理。

主干 What does the passage say about ...，about 引出对象；现在分词短语 doing manual work 后置修饰 people，相当于 who do manual work，无从句无难点。

• A)过度推断

  A 项 They are eager to enjoy life after retiring 把原文 "期待退休" 引申到 "渴望享受退休后的生活"，原文只说期待退休、未提退休后做什么，引申了一步。

• B)过度推断

  B 项 They are likely to have financial troubles 把原文 those who stay on are more likely doing so for financial reasons 推到 "会陷入经济困境"，但 for financial reasons 只说 "出于经济原因"，不等同于 financial troubles。

• C)无中生有

  C 项 They generally don't enjoy doing it 说 "他们通常不喜欢做这工作"，但原文只说他们更期待退休、并未直接评价是否喜欢工作；不能由 "期待退休" 直接等同 "不喜欢工作"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • may be more likely to look forward to retiring↔They tend to anticipate retirement

  预判抓 "期待退休"，D 项 They tend to anticipate retirement 是 look forward to retiring 的标准英英同义替换，选定无误。