2025年12月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析
本页是 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的真题与解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面:Directions 与 15 段共 1023 词的字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译),之后 10 句陈述(36–45,定位锚点强 9 句、弱 1 句,答案共命中 10 个段落)逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析(陈述句中译 / 信息所在段落 / 锚点强弱 / 定位句中英对照 / 陈述句与原文的同义改写 / 易混相邻段辨析),另附逐段主旨图。
信息匹配题和解析 · 36–45 题
本页 36–45 题的段落匹配答案与逐句解析由懒笔记基于2025年12月·第1套 英语四级长篇阅读(信息匹配)原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:先是 Directions 与 15 段字母标号长文(逐段附中文翻译);之后 10 句陈述逐句排列,每句英文陈述后紧接本句解析——陈述句中译、信息所在段落、锚点强弱、定位句中英对照、陈述句与原文的同义改写对照与易混相邻段辨析。
五年前,纽约市皇后区宣布将在Skillman大道的一段路上设置自行车道,并移除116个停车位。骑行者很喜欢这个计划,但当地商家却非常愤怒。正如他们在抗议活动和致市议会的信件中所说,移除那些停车位会毁掉Skillman大道沿线的商店和餐馆。"这里停车已经是一场噩梦了,"一个人在抗议集会上大喊。
但自行车道已成定局,很快就建成了。今年早些时候,Jesse Coburn——Streetsblog New York的调查记者——想知道那些经济崩溃的预言是否成真。于是他请市财政部门提供Skillman大道那一段几年的销售数据。那条街上的商家经营情况如何?
结果相当不错。在自行车道建成后的第一年,Skillman大道上的商家销售额增长了12%,而整个皇后区只增长了3%。而且,那段道路上有新商家开业,而整个皇后区则净减少。
问题是,Skillman大道上的实际商家呢?他们不相信。当Coburn与他们交谈并描述自己的发现时,只有少数几位店主承认自行车道有帮助。许多人仍然坚称自行车道正在扼杀他们这片城区。情绪很激烈:有人在自行车道上撒了大头钉。
这个小故事实际上是对城市在试图更新城市基础设施时所面临挑战的一个引人入胜的观察——为了净化空气、减少温室气体排放,并通过让城镇更适合骑行来加快出行速度。越来越多的数据表明,安装自行车道和让街道更适合行人能够促进一个地方的经济发展。移除汽车和停车位是有效的。但经营本地商业的人们就是不相信,即使是在他们自己的街道表现良好时也是如此。面对这种混乱局面,关于自行车道的政治斗争能够结束吗?
2013年,纽约市交通部门的研究人员研究了七段安装了自行车道或创建了行人友好区域的道路。该市分析了这些路线沿线商家的数据,发现到第三年,七条街道中有五条的销售增长速度快于整个区域的平均水平——实际上快了多达五倍。
在纽约之外,一项对23个城市的研究调查发现,自行车道和行人友好设计并没有损害当地零售和食品店。(研究人员得出结论:"对当地商业造成灾难性后果的担忧是没有根据的。")更近期的研究也显示了大致相同的结果。
事实是,在相当密集的地区,自行车在运送人员方面更高效。你可能会失去一位开车司机的生意——但你会获得现在可以更轻松地骑车到达的购物者。"骑行者和行人也是消费者,"Susan Handy教授指出。此外,为自行车和行人重新设计的街道往往会变成更宜人的闲逛场所,所以"在很多情况下,这创造了非常好的环境,对那些商家真的很有利。"
夫妻店通常对有助于提高利润的情况反应很快。那么为什么这里会有盲点呢?也许是因为注意力集中在了恐怖故事上——而且确实有些商家在自行车道建成时受到了冲击。
我采访了马萨诸塞州剑桥市的理发师Cindy Hughes。她说,当市政府移除附近的停车位来建造自行车道时,生意下降了至少40%。她的大多数顾客开车来,许多人来自附近的城镇。只有极少数人改骑自行车,而且即使是那些人,在波士顿下雪的冬天几乎肯定也不会骑车。因此,虽然Hughes支持自行车道——"骑行者应该得到安全保障"——但她认为停车位的损失是一个生存风险。"你看,我90%的顾客都开车,"她告诉我。"对我们的生意来说,自行车道比新冠疫情还要糟糕得多。"
对其他人来说,这种抵制是文化性的,Slate杂志的作家Henry Grabar说。小商家经常是开车从城市其他地区通勤的司机,Grabar指出。他们也往往是长期的本地人。"他们往往是在这座城市根深蒂固的人,在社区变成今天这样之前就一直待在这里,"他补充道。开车在城里转对他们来说太正常了,以至于骑自行车看起来怪异而不寻常——尽管骑行在新冠疫情期间得到了提振,当时自行车销量激增了75%。
心理战胜一切!谁知道呢,对吧?店主和自行车道倡导者之间的激烈分歧似乎类似于我们围绕气候变化的更大文化战争。如果说我们从文化战争中学到了什么,那就是数据在改变人们的想法方面并不是很有用。
当Janette Sadik-Khan在2000年代初担任纽约市交通部门负责人时,她监督了自行车道的推出——并遭到了居民和商家的愤怒反弹,他们声称没有足够的骑行者来证明安装车道的合理性。她讽刺地指出,现在这些车道充满了活动,反对者转而声称问题恰恰相反:有太多骑行者妨碍汽车了。
也许自行车道将永远充满情绪化色彩,直到足够多的公众最终关注气候变化——而不设置自行车道似乎是鲁莽的。
毕竟,危机有一种让人们看到可能性的方式。在新冠疫情期间,餐馆和咖啡馆损失了太多生意,以至于全国各地的城市开始允许它们建造路边座位区,人们可以在那里安全地坐在露天。这大大减少了停车位——但因为,嗯,店主看不到其他办法。顾客非常喜欢户外座位,以至于城市正在将其永久化:纽约市对新冠疫情期间封闭的几条街道的研究发现,店主的收入比以前更高,就餐者也享受户外生活方式。如果数据不能改变想法,顾客或许可以。
陈述句与逐句解析
越来越多的数据表明,安装自行车道会提高当地商业收入。
increasing amount of data + raises local business revenues
There's a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place.
越来越多的数据表明,铺设自行车道与让街道更适合步行,能拉升一个地方的经济运势。
- An increasing amount of data indicatesThere's a rising amount of data showing
increasing↔rising、indicates↔showing 同义替换
- installing bike lanes raises local business revenuesinstalling bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place
raises↔boosts 同义、local business revenues↔economic fortunes 上位概括
- G
a survey of research from 23 cities 是一次性的综述结果,而题干 An increasing amount of data 强调的是数据在不断增多的'势',语义重心不同。
a survey of research from 23 cities found that bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores
- F
In 2013, researchers at New York City's Department of Transportation studied seven stretches of road 是单次、具体的研究,不承担'数据日益增多'这一总括语义。
by the third year, sales grew faster on five of the streets than in the district overall
据一位杂志撰稿人称,一些小企业主对自行车道的抵制源于文化因素。
a magazine writer + cultural factors
For others, the pushback is cultural, says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine.
Slate 杂志撰稿人 Henry Grabar 表示,对另一些商户来说,这种抵触是文化层面的。
- According to a magazine writersays Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine
具体人名→类指身份的概括
- some small business owners' resistance to bike lanes arises from cultural factorsFor others, the pushback is cultural
形容词→名词化、resistance↔pushback 同义
- J
she sees the parking loss as an existential risk 强调的是经济上的生存威胁,与'文化'无关。
For our business, the bike lanes are way worse than Covid was
- L
Psychology beats all 与 culture wars over climate change 虽都和'文化'相关,但没有引用任何具名杂志撰稿人,不满足 According to a magazine writer 的来源限制。
The fierce divide between store owners and bike-lane advocates seems similar to our larger culture wars over climate change
Skillman大道的一段路不仅见证了销售额的大幅增长,还见证了新商家的开业。
Skillman Ave + 销售大增 + 新店开张
In the year after the bike lanes arrived, businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent, compared to 3 percent for Queens in general. What's more, that section of road saw new businesses open, while Queens overall had a net loss.
自行车道铺设后的一年里,Skillman 沿街商户的销售上涨了 12%,相比之下整个皇后区只涨了 3%;不仅如此,这一段路还有新店开张,而皇后区整体出现净减少。
- A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in salesbusinesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent
动词名词化 + 具体数字→概括程度
- but also the opening of new businessesthat section of road saw new businesses open
动词 open 名词化为 the opening
- A
would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman 是事前的'担忧将来时',与题干 a big increase in sales 的事后正面结果方向相反。
Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman
- B
asked the city's Department of Finance to give him a few years' worth of sales figures for that stretch of Skillman Ave 只是记者去要数据的过程,不承载具体增长数据与新店信息。
How had the businesses on that street fared?
- D
Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city 是商户的主观坚持,不是题干要求的'销售大增 + 新店开张'两件并列事实。
only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped
当人们在危机中无路可走时,他们更有可能接受变革。
no way out in crises + embrace changes
Crises, after all, have a way of opening people's eyes to possibilities.
危机毕竟有它的办法,能让人睁开眼睛看到新的可能性。
- When people have no way out in crisesDuring Covid, restaurants and cafés lost so much business that cities nationwide began allowing them to build curbside seating areas
危机举例 + no way out 来自下文支撑
- they are more likely to embrace changesCrises, after all, have a way of opening people's eyes to possibilities
embrace changes↔opening eyes to possibilities 同义
- N
until enough of the public is finally concerned about climate change 的触发条件是'公众担忧气候变化',与题干 in crises 不同。
Maybe bike lanes will always be charged with emotion, until enough of the public is finally concerned about climate change
根据一项调查,带有自行车道和行人空间的城市设计并未对当地商业产生负面影响。
one survey + did not negatively impact
Beyond New York, a survey of research from 23 cities found that bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores.
把视野放到纽约以外,一项汇总了 23 个城市研究的调查发现,自行车道与步行友好设计并未损害本地零售与餐饮店。
- According to one surveya survey of research from 23 cities
one survey↔a survey 同义
- city design with bike lanes and pedestrian space did not negatively impact local businessesbike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores
didn't hurt↔did not negatively impact、retail and food↔local businesses 上位
- F
by the third year, sales grew faster on five of the streets than in the district overall 是 study 的正向增长结论,与题干 did not negatively impact 的否定式中性结论语气不一致。
researchers at New York City's Department of Transportation studied seven stretches of road
- E
There's a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes ... boosts the economic fortunes of a place 是趋势性表述,不是 one survey 所指的单次研究。
There's a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place
尽管Skillman大道的商业活动有所增加,许多店主仍坚称自行车道正在摧毁他们的区域。
Skillman Ave + 商业其实增长 + 店主仍坚称车道毁了街区
When Coburn spoke to them and described what he'd found, only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped. Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city.
当 Coburn 找店主、把自己的发现告诉他们时,只有少数店主承认车道帮了忙;许多人仍坚称车道正在毁掉他们所在的这一带。
- Despite increased business activity on Skillman Aveonly a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped
让步从句概括前文事实
- many store owners insisted the bike lanes were destroying their areaMany still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city
insisted 原样、killing↔destroying 同义、area↔part of the city 同义
- A
would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman 是 Five years ago 车道还没铺时的反对,A 段里没有 Despite increased business activity 这种'尽管商业活动增长'的事实背景。
Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman
- C
businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent 只讲数据,没讲店主的坚持态度,题干信息重心在 D。
businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent
在文化战争中,数据对改变人们的想法没有多大帮助。
war of culture + data does not help
If we've learned anything about culture wars, it's that data isn't much good at changing minds.
如果说我们在文化战上学到了什么,那就是: 数据并不擅长改变人的想法。
- In a war of cultureour larger culture wars over climate change
culture wars↔a war of culture 名词组顺序倒换
- data does not help much in changing people's mindsdata isn't much good at changing minds
isn't much good at↔does not help much in 同义否定结构
- O
If data won't change minds, customers might 的论述重心是'顾客'这条出路,且整段没有提到 culture war,不满足题干第一枚指纹。
If data won't change minds, customers might
一位女商人说,当停车位让位于自行车道时,她的生意急剧下滑,因为她的大多数顾客都是开车来的。
一位女商户 + 生意骤降 + 顾客多开车
She said business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane. The majority of her customers drive, with many coming from nearby towns.
她说,当城市拆掉附近的停车位以铺设自行车道时,生意至少下降了 40%;她的大多数顾客都是开车来的,很多来自邻近城镇。
- A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike laneShe said business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane
hairdresser↔businesswoman、fell 40%↔dropped sharply、removed parking to put in a bike lane↔parking space gave way to a bike lane
- because most of her customers came by carThe majority of her customers drive
the majority↔most、drive↔came by car 同义
- A
Parking here is already a nightmare, one shouted at a protest rally 是匿名群体抗议口号,不是题干 A businesswoman said 的具体个体讲述。
removing 116 parking spots
Skillman大道的当地企业主认为,当停车位被自行车道取代时,他们的生意将会被毁掉。
Skillman Ave + 店主担心被毁 + 停车位被换成自行车道
Cyclists loved the plan, but local business owners got very angry. Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman.
骑行者很喜欢这个方案,但当地商户非常愤怒;他们在抗议中、在写给市议会的信里都辩称,拆掉那些停车位会毁掉 Skillman 沿街的商店与餐馆。
- Local business owners on Skillman Ave argued that their businesses would be ruinedlocal business owners got very angry. Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman
local business owners 原样、argued 原样、ruin↔be ruined 主被动换
- when parking spots were replaced by bike lanesputting bike lanes onto a stretch of Skillman Ave — and removing 116 parking spots
putting in + removing↔replaced by 概括同义
- D
Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city 表达事后的现在/过去进行时态,而题干 would be ruined 是事前将来时态。
Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city
- J
Cindy Hughes, a hairdresser(理发师) in Cambridge, Massachusetts 明确发生地在 Cambridge,且 business fell by at least 40 percent 是事后实测,与题干 Skillman Ave 与事前担忧均不符。
business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane
人们可能会发现,在为骑行和步行而重新设计的街道上闲逛更加惬意。
more pleasant + wander/stroll + redesigned streets
streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around
为自行车和行人重新设计过的街道,往往变成让人更愿意逗留的宜人场所。
- People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walkingstreets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around
redesigned for bikes and pedestrians↔redesigned for cycling and walking、hang around↔wander around、more pleasant 原样
- E
making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place 重心在经济提升,不涉及题干 more pleasant to wander around 的体验感受。
installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place
- G
bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores 讨论的是商业影响,不是题干所要的'更宜人逛街'体验。
Fears of disastrous consequences for local businesses are unfounded
15 个段落各讲了什么
逐段一句主旨 + 该段最具区分度的「信息指纹」,是逐句回扫定位的工作台。
- A
五年前纽约皇后区宣布在 Skillman 大道一段路上铺设自行车道、同时取消 116 个停车位;骑行者欢迎,但本地商户在抗议与致信市议会时强烈反对,认为会毁掉沿街的商店与餐馆。
信息指纹 五年前/Skillman/116 个停车位/商户抗议
- B
自行车道最终铺设落成;今年早些时候,调查记者 Jesse Coburn 想看看当年关于经济崩塌的预言是否成真,于是向市财政部索取了那段 Skillman 大道几年的销售数据。
信息指纹 记者 Jesse Coburn/向财政部索取销售数据
- C
数据结果显示这段 Skillman 商业表现良好: 自行车道铺设后一年,沿街商户销售额上涨 12%,而皇后区总体仅 3%;此外这一段还有新店开张,而皇后区整体出现净减少。
信息指纹 销售增长 12% 对比皇后区 3%/新店开张
- D
尽管数据漂亮,Skillman 商户却不相信;记者 Coburn 转述结果时只有少数承认有帮助,许多人仍坚称车道在毁掉这一带;情绪激烈,甚至有人在车道上撒大头钉。
信息指纹 商户不信数据/在车道撒大头钉
- E
这段小故事折射出城市更新基础设施时面临的挑战;有越来越多的数据显示自行车道与步行友好设计能拉升当地经济,但本地商户即便看到自家街道表现好仍不买账,争议恐难平息。
信息指纹 数据日益增多证明自行车道拉升经济
- F
2013 年纽约市交通局研究了七段铺设了自行车道或改造为步行友好区域的路段,发现到第三年这些路段中有五条的销售增速超过整个商圈平均水平,最高达五倍。
信息指纹 2013 年纽约交通局/7 段路、5 段销售更快、最高 5 倍
- G
把视野扩大到纽约以外,一项汇总了 23 个城市研究的调查表明自行车道与步行友好设计并未损害本地零售与餐饮;近来的研究结论大致相同。
信息指纹 23 个城市综述/未损害本地零售餐饮
- H
在较密集的市区,自行车搬运人的效率比车更高;可能少一个开车顾客,却多了能更便利骑车而来的购物者;Susan Handy 教授指出骑行者和步行者也是消费者,且为自行车与行人重设的街道往往成为更宜人的逗留场所,反而利好商家。
信息指纹 Susan Handy/重设街道更宜人/更适合逗留
- I
夫妻店通常对利好嗅觉敏锐,为何在这件事上有盲区?或许是注意力都聚焦在了'恐怖故事'上——确有一部分商户在自行车道进来时受到打击。
信息指纹 夫妻店盲区/聚焦恐怖故事
- J
Cambridge 一位理发师 Cindy Hughes 说,城市为铺设自行车道拆掉附近停车位后,她的生意下降了至少 40%;90% 顾客开车而来,她支持自行车道但视失去停车位为生存威胁。
信息指纹 理发师 Cindy Hughes/生意降 40%/90% 顾客开车
- K
Slate 杂志撰稿人 Henry Grabar 指出,有些抵触是文化层面的: 小店主常是开车从城市其他地方通勤来的、且是本地老土著,开车对他们再正常不过,骑车显得怪异,即便疫情期间自行车销量飙升 75%。
信息指纹 Slate 撰稿人 Henry Grabar/抵触是文化层面
- L
心理因素压倒一切;店主与骑行倡导者之间的对立,看起来很像更宏大的气候变化文化战;关于文化战,我们学到的是: 数据并不擅长改变人的想法。
信息指纹 文化战/数据改变不了想法
- M
2000 年代初任纽约市交通局长的 Janette Sadik-Khan 推开了一波自行车道建设,当时居民和店主以'骑车人不够多'反对;如今她讽刺地指出,反对者改口为'骑车人太多挡了车'。
信息指纹 Sadik-Khan/反对理由从'骑车人太少'反转成'骑车人太多'
- N
或许自行车道议题将一直情绪化,直到大众真正开始担心气候变化、觉得不建自行车道反而鲁莽为止。
信息指纹 情绪化直到大众真正担心气候变化
- O
危机会打开人的眼界: 疫情期间餐厅咖啡馆生意大跌,城市开始允许在路边搭设户外座位,虽然减少了停车位,但顾客大爱、城市决定永久保留;一项纽约的研究显示疫情封街期间店主反而赚更多——数据改变不了人心,顾客或许能。
信息指纹 危机睁开眼界/疫情催生路边户外座位
26 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- Cyclists loved the plan, but local business owners got very angry.
but 连接两个主句表达对比或转折是英语中非常常见且典型的并列句式,在各类考试阅读理解中频繁出现,掌握这种结构后可以迁移到大量类似句子。
- Early this year, Jesse Coburn — an investigative writer with Streetsblog New York — wondered whether those predictions of economic collapse came true.
主句带宾语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,whether 引导的名词性从句也是高频语法点。同位语的使用增加了句子的真实性和实用性。整体结构具有较高的代表性和可迁移性。
- Quite well, it turns out.
it turns out 是英语中高频的惯用表达,状语提前也是常见句式。虽然整体结构简单,但这种"状语 + 形式主语 + 短语动词"的组合在真实语料中出现频率较高,具有一定代表性。
- What's more, that section of road saw new businesses open, while Queens overall had a net loss.
"see + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式" 和 "while" 引导的对比状语从句都是四六级和考研阅读中常见句式,具有较强的代表性和可迁移性,掌握后可应用于多种语境。
- When Coburn spoke to them and described what he'd found, only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped.
句子结构高度典型:时间状语从句 + 主句 + 宾语从句的组合是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式。过去完成时表示时间先后的用法也是考点。并列谓语和嵌套从句的搭配在真题中频繁出现,掌握这个句子的分析方法可以迁移到大量类似句型。
- This little story turns out to be a fascinating glimpse at the challenges cities face as they try to update their urban infrastructure — to clean up the air, reduce greenhouse emissions, and speed up travel by making towns more bike-friendly.
覆盖主谓表、主谓宾、定语从句、状语从句、不定式作宾语、并列不定式、介词短语、动名词等多种成分。定语从句省略关系代词是常考易错点,状语从句的嵌套位置和破折号后的并列结构也值得练习,成分种类丰富且含典型坑点。
- But the folks who run local businesses simply aren't convinced, even when their own street performs.
定语从句修饰主语、让步状语从句补充条件,这是四六级和考研阅读中常见的句式组合;"even when" 引导的让步结构也是高频考点;整体句式具有较强的代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似长句的理解中。
- Given that sort of mess, can political fights over bike lanes ever end?
情态动词引导的疑问句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式,介词短语作后置定语的结构也频繁出现。虽然本句较短,但其疑问句语序和情态动词用法具有较高的迁移价值,掌握后可应用于类似句型的分析。
- The city analyzed the data for businesses along those routes and found that by the third year, sales grew faster on five of the streets than in the district overall, on average — up to five times faster, in fact.
主句包含 "find that" 引导宾语从句的结构,以及比较级 "faster ... than" 的比较结构,这两种都是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式。整句的信息呈现方式(先陈述行为,再通过从句给出发现的内容和比较)也符合学术和新闻语体的典型表达,具有较强的代表性和可迁移性。
- "Cyclists and pedestrians are consumers too," notes Professor Susan Handy.
本句包含倒装主句(谓语前置、主语后置)、直接引语作宾语从句、系表结构、并列主语等多种成分形式,能训练学生识别倒装句主干、区分引语与主句、理解系表结构,成分类型较丰富且有实用价值。
- Plus, streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around, so "in a lot of cases, that's created much nicer environments that are really good for those businesses."
本句覆盖主语(含后置定语)、谓语(含不定式结构和完成时)、表语、宾语(含定语从句修饰)、状语(插入语)、定语从句内的主系表结构等多种成分。第一主句的后置定语、第二主句的代词主语和插入状语、定语从句的关系代词作主语等,均为常见易错点。成分种类丰富,适合作为划分练习句,训练价值较高。
- The majority of her customers drive, with many coming from nearby towns.
成分相对简单,主要包含主语、谓语和伴随状语。其中 with 独立主格结构("with many coming from nearby towns")具有一定训练价值,可帮助学生熟悉状语的识别和独立主格的用法。但整体成分种类不够丰富,缺少宾语、定语从句等常见易错点。
- For others, the pushback is cultural, says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine.
主系表结构是常见句式,句首介词短语状语和句尾插入语的组合在书面语中也时有出现,具有一定代表性,但整体结构过于简单,不如复杂句式在真题中出现频率高。
- Small business owners are frequently drivers who commute from other parts of the city by car, Grabar points out.
主系表结构加限定性定语从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,句末插入引述标记的写法也是学术文本和新闻报道的常见句式,学生掌握后可迁移到大量真题句型中
- "They tend to be people with deep roots in the city, who have hung around since before the neighborhood became what it is today," he adds.
覆盖主谓宾、主系表、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句等多种成分类型。非限制性定语从句中 who 作主语、表语从句中 what 兼做引导词和从句内部表语,都是值得练习的典型结构。嵌套层次丰富,适合训练成分识别能力。
- Driving around town in a car is so normal to them that cycling seems weird and unusual — despite its boost from Covid, when bike sales exploded by 75 percent.
so ... that 引导结果状语从句是四六级和考研高频考点,动名词作主语也是常考结构,非限制性定语从句补充说明likewise常见于真题长难句。整体句式在考试中代表性强,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句型
- If we've learned anything about culture wars, it's that data isn't much good at changing minds.
"If + 现在完成时" 引导条件状语从句、形式主语 it + 表语从句的结构都是考试高频句式。该句型在四六级和考研阅读中反复出现,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,典型性很高。
- When Janette Sadik-Khan was the head of New York City's Transportation Department back in the early 2000s, she oversaw a rollout(推出) of bike lanes — and got angry blowback from residents and business owners who claimed there weren't enough cyclists to justify installing lanes.
本句涵盖时间状语从句、并列谓语、双宾语结构、限制性定语从句、宾语从句、不定式作目的状语等多种成分和结构,成分种类较丰富。定语从句与宾语从句的嵌套、there be 结构的主语识别、不定式状语的判断等都是常见易错点,适合作为成分划分的训练材料。
- Now, she notes ironically, the lanes are so full of activity that opponents have turned to claiming the problem is the opposite: There are too many cyclists getting in the way of cars.
句子成分丰富且含多个训练价值点:插入语的识别与跳过、"so...that"结构中状语从句的定位、动名词短语作宾语、省略that的宾语从句、同位语从句与定语从句的区分、"There be"存在句的主语识别、现在分词作后置定语。这些都是考试常考易错点,适合作为成分划分练习句。
- Maybe bike lanes will always be charged with emotion, until enough of the public is finally concerned about climate change — and it seems reckless(鲁莽的) to not have them.
句子成分丰富,涵盖主语、谓语、状语(方式状语、时间状语)、表语等多种成分。第一个主句的被动结构和时间状语从句、第二个主句的形式主语和真正主语,都是值得训练的重点。尤其是形式主语"it"和不定式作真正主语的结构,是常见易错点,训练价值较高。
- Crises, after all, have a way of opening people's eyes to possibilities.
"have a way of doing"是四六级阅读中的高频句式,后置定语修饰宾语核心词的结构也常见于真题长难句,掌握后可迁移到大量类似表达,典型性较强
- During Covid, restaurants and cafés lost so much business that cities nationwide began allowing them to build curbside seating areas where people could sit, safely, in the open air.
结果状语从句配合定语从句的嵌套结构在四六级和考研真题中非常常见,句型典型且实用性强,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句式的分析中,具有很高的学习价值。
- Customers loved the outdoor seating so much that cities are making it permanent: A New York City study of several streets closed during Covid found storeowners making more than before, and diners enjoying the outdoor lifestyle.
本句覆盖主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、程度状语、定语等多种成分。第二主句的宾语补足语结构 storeowners making more than before 和 diners enjoying the outdoor lifestyle 是较好的训练点,能帮助学生理解复合宾语。第一主句的主语包含多层定语修饰,适合练习定语识别。整体成分丰富,训练价值较高。
- A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in sales but also the opening of new businesses.
使用了 "A stretch of..." 这种典型的名词短语作主语,以及常见的并列关联连词,具有较高的模仿价值。
- A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike lane, because most of her customers came by car.
主句加宾语从句的结构,以及宾语从句内嵌套时间和原因状语从句的模式,在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,尤其是省略 that 的宾语从句和多个状语从句修饰同一谓语的情况,是典型的常考句式,掌握后可大量复用
- People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walking.
find it + 形容词 + to do 是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式,后置定语修饰名词也是常考结构。本句结构简洁但典型,学生掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子,代表性强。
本篇出现的 114 个英语四级真题高频词
下列单词既在本篇真题中出现,又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词(在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8)。每个词标注本篇 出现次数与该考试真题句频,点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- laneB1n. 车道
- parkingA2n. 停车;停车位
- localA2adj. 当地的
- customerA2n. 顾客,客户
- dataB1n. 数据
- spotA2n. 地点
- cyclistA2n. 骑自行车的人
- installB1v. 安装(设备、软件)
- stretchB1v. 伸展
- wouldA1aux. (will 的过去式)将要,会
- departmentA2n. 部门
- removeA2v. 移开
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- accordC1n. (国家、团体间的)协议
- tendB1v. 倾向于,往往会
- designB1n. 设计
- reduceB1v. 减少,降低(数量、大小、程度等)
- amountA2n. 数量
- economicB2adj. 经济的
- climateB1n. 气候
- argueB1v. 争论
- claimB1v. 声称
- shiftB1v. 移动
- boostB2v. 提高
- lossB1n. 丧失
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- overallB1adj. 总体的
- crisisB2n. 危机
- culturalB1adj. 文化的
- cycleB1n. 循环
- transportationB1n. 交通运输(系统)
- outdoorA2adj. 户外的,室外的
- seatingB1n. 座位
- ruinB2v. 毁坏
- redesignB2v. 重新设计
- likelyA2adj. 很可能的
- supportA2v. 支持
- riskA2n. 风险
- focusB1n. 重点
- professorB1n. 教授(大学教师的最高职称)
- impactB2n. 影响
- simplyB1adv. 仅仅,只不过
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- caseA2n. 情况
- consumerB1n. 消费者
- leastA2det. 最少的
- challengeB1n. 挑战
- factorB1n. 因素
- gainB1v. 获得;赢得
- residentB2n. 居民
- performB1v. 执行
- easilyA2adv. 容易地
- replaceA2v. 替换,更换(用新的代替旧的)
- figureA2n. 数字
- chargeB1v. 收费
- majorityB2n. 大多数,大部分
- consequenceB2n. 结果
- districtB1n. 地区
- concludeB2v. 断定;推断出
- finallyA2adv. 终于,最终
- indicateB2v. 表明
- recognizeB1v. 认出
- unusualB1adj. 不寻常的
- lifestyleB1n. 生活方式
- councilB1n. 委员会
- increasingB1adj. 越来越多的
- announceB1v. 宣布
- possibilityB1n. 可能性
- updateB1v. 更新
- concernedB1adj. 担心的
- collapseB2v. 倒塌,坍塌
- politicalB1adj. 政治的
- frequentlyB1adv. 频繁地
- admitB1v. 承认(事实、错误等)
- advocateB2v. 拥护
- greatlyB1adv. 非常
- mindsetB2n. 思维模式本篇1 次 · 真题 20 句
- roughlyB1adv. 大约,大概
- urbanB2adj. 城市的,都市的
- actualB1adj. 真实的
- datumC1n. 数据(单数形式,复数为 data)
- emissionB2n. 排放物
- nightmareB1n. 可怕的经历
- wanderB1v. 漫步
- analyzeB2v. 分析
- certainlyA2adv. 当然
- efficientB2adj. 效率高的
- deserveB1v. 应得
- neighborhoodB1n. 街区
- plusA2prep. 加,加上
- rootA2n. 根
- routeB1n. 路线
- witnessB2n. 目击者
- infrastructureC1n. 基础设施
- revenueB2n. (公司、组织的)收入,收益
- walkingA1n. 步行
- embraceB2v. 拥抱
- financeB2n. 财政
- folkB1n. 人们
- fortuneB2n. 财富
- messB1n. 脏乱;杂乱
- negativelyB2adv. 负面地
- openingB1n. 开口;洞;缺口
- opponentB2n. 对手
- permanentB2adj. 永久的
- ariseB2v. 出现;产生;发生
- convinceB1v. 说服,使相信
- fairlyB1adv. 相当
- fareB1n. 车费
- netA2n. 网
- retailB2n. 零售
- shopperA2n. 购物者
- greenhouseB1n. 温室
- safelyA2adv. 安全地
全文 364 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全文去重后共 364 个单词,按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比(CDF),最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上(C1/C2)为高阶词,本篇共 9 个 · 约 2%。
- 去重总词数
- 364
- B2 以上难词
- 2%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 87%
常见问题
围绕本篇的答案段、来源、锚点构成、词汇难度与逐句定位,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇(36–45 句)的信息分别出自哪一段?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 是长篇阅读信息匹配题,共 10 句陈述(题号 36–45),需为每句找出信息所在的段落。各句答案段依次为 36 → E · 37 → K · 38 → C · 39 → O · 40 → G · 41 → D · 42 → L · 43 → J · 44 → A · 45 → H。答案段分布:A 段 1 句 · C 段 1 句 · D 段 1 句 · E 段 1 句 · G 段 1 句 · H 段 1 句 · J 段 1 句 · K 段 1 句 · L 段 1 句 · O 段 1 句。一段可对应多句、文中另有纯干扰段,单篇样本量小,分布不代表答题规律。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的文章选自哪里?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的阅读原文选自 2023年1月24日刊登在 wired.com(美国《连线》杂志)上的一篇由 Clive Thompson 撰写、标题为“The Battle Over Bike Lanes Needs a Mindset Shift”(《自行车道之争需要一场观念转变》)的文章。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的 10 句里强锚点、弱锚点各有几句?
- 按锚点强弱分诊,2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 共 强 9 句 · 弱 1 句。强锚点句含唯一的数字、专有名词或独特术语,可凭指纹近乎直达对应段;弱锚点句只有满篇可见的高频泛词,需先压出主干命题、再靠语义比对与「辨邻」排除话题相邻段才能定位。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 的词汇难度如何?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文去重后共 364 个单词,按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖:A1 及以下约 46%、A2 及以下约 65%、B1 及以下约 87%、B2 及以下约 98%,B2 以上(C1/C2)难词共 9 个、约占 2%。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 出现了哪些英语四级高频词?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 全文出现 114 个英语四级真题高频词(这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句)。按本篇出现次数排在前的有:lane(本篇 25 次,n. 车道; 小巷,小路; 泳道,跑道; 航线,航道; (网络的)通道,信道)、parking(本篇 9 次,n. 停车;停车位 | v. 停车(park的现在分词))、local(本篇 8 次,adj. 当地的;本地的; 局部的;部分的; 地方性的;区域性的(非全局的) | n. 当地人;本地人; (英)酒馆;小酒吧)、customer(本篇 5 次,n. 顾客,客户; (某种类型的)家伙,人)、data(本篇 5 次,n. 数据;资料; (计算机)数据)、spot(本篇 5 次,n. 地点;场所; 斑点;污渍; 少量;一点; 聚光灯;spotlight 的缩写; 困境;尴尬处境 | v. 发现;认出; 借给;资助(非正式))、cyclist(本篇 5 次,n. 骑自行车的人)、install(本篇 4 次,v. 安装(设备、软件); 使就职,任命(某人担任职位); 安置,使定居(在某处))。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 36. An increasing amount of data indicates that installing bike lanes raises local business revenues. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 36 句的信息出自 E 段(弱锚点句)。E 段定位句为「There's a rising amount of data showing that installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place.」(越来越多的数据表明,铺设自行车道与让街道更适合步行,能拉升一个地方的经济运势。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(An increasing amount of data indicates ↔ There's a rising amount of data showing;installing bike lanes raises local business revenues ↔ installing bike lanes and making streets more pedestrian-friendly boosts the economic fortunes of a place)。与之话题相邻的 G 段、F 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 37. According to a magazine writer, some small business owners' resistance to bike lanes arises from cultural factors. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 37 句的信息出自 K 段(强锚点句)。K 段定位句为「For others, the pushback is cultural, says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine.」(Slate 杂志撰稿人 Henry Grabar 表示,对另一些商户来说,这种抵触是文化层面的。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(According to a magazine writer ↔ says Henry Grabar, a writer for the Slate Magazine;some small business owners' resistance to bike lanes arises from cultural factors ↔ For others, the pushback is cultural)。与之话题相邻的 J 段、L 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 38. A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in sales but also the opening of new businesses. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 38 句的信息出自 C 段(强锚点句)。C 段定位句为「In the year after the bike lanes arrived, businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent, compared to 3 percent for Queens in general. What's more, that section of road saw new businesses open, while Queens overall had a net loss.」(自行车道铺设后的一年里,Skillman 沿街商户的销售上涨了 12%,相比之下整个皇后区只涨了 3%;不仅如此,这一段路还有新店开张,而皇后区整体出现净减少。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(A stretch of Skillman Ave witnessed not only a big increase in sales ↔ businesses on Skillman saw sales rise by 12 percent;but also the opening of new businesses ↔ that section of road saw new businesses open)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、B 段、D 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 39. When people have no way out in crises, they are more likely to embrace changes. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 39 句的信息出自 O 段(强锚点句)。O 段定位句为「Crises, after all, have a way of opening people's eyes to possibilities.」(危机毕竟有它的办法,能让人睁开眼睛看到新的可能性。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(When people have no way out in crises ↔ During Covid, restaurants and cafés lost so much business that cities nationwide began allowing them to build curbside seating areas;they are more likely to embrace changes ↔ Crises, after all, have a way of opening people's eyes to possibilities)。与之话题相邻的 N 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 40. According to one survey, city design with bike lanes and pedestrian space did not negatively impact local businesses. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 40 句的信息出自 G 段(强锚点句)。G 段定位句为「Beyond New York, a survey of research from 23 cities found that bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores.」(把视野放到纽约以外,一项汇总了 23 个城市研究的调查发现,自行车道与步行友好设计并未损害本地零售与餐饮店。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(According to one survey ↔ a survey of research from 23 cities;city design with bike lanes and pedestrian space did not negatively impact local businesses ↔ bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly design didn't hurt local retail and food stores)。与之话题相邻的 F 段、E 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 41. Despite increased business activity on Skillman Ave, many store owners insisted the bike lanes were destroying their area. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 41 句的信息出自 D 段(强锚点句)。D 段定位句为「When Coburn spoke to them and described what he'd found, only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped. Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city.」(当 Coburn 找店主、把自己的发现告诉他们时,只有少数店主承认车道帮了忙;许多人仍坚称车道正在毁掉他们所在的这一带。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Despite increased business activity on Skillman Ave ↔ only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped;many store owners insisted the bike lanes were destroying their area ↔ Many still insisted the lanes were killing their part of the city)。与之话题相邻的 A 段、C 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 42. In a war of culture, data does not help much in changing people's minds. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 42 句的信息出自 L 段(强锚点句)。L 段定位句为「If we've learned anything about culture wars, it's that data isn't much good at changing minds.」(如果说我们在文化战上学到了什么,那就是: 数据并不擅长改变人的想法。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(In a war of culture ↔ our larger culture wars over climate change;data does not help much in changing people's minds ↔ data isn't much good at changing minds)。与之话题相邻的 O 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 43. A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike lane, because most of her customers came by car. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 43 句的信息出自 J 段(强锚点句)。J 段定位句为「She said business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane. The majority of her customers drive, with many coming from nearby towns.」(她说,当城市拆掉附近的停车位以铺设自行车道时,生意至少下降了 40%;她的大多数顾客都是开车来的,很多来自邻近城镇。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(A businesswoman said her business dropped sharply when parking space gave way to a bike lane ↔ She said business fell by at least 40 percent when the city removed nearby parking to put in a bike lane;because most of her customers came by car ↔ The majority of her customers drive)。与之话题相邻的 A 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 44. Local business owners on Skillman Ave argued that their businesses would be ruined when parking spots were replaced by bike lanes. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 44 句的信息出自 A 段(强锚点句)。A 段定位句为「Cyclists loved the plan, but local business owners got very angry. Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman.」(骑行者很喜欢这个方案,但当地商户非常愤怒;他们在抗议中、在写给市议会的信里都辩称,拆掉那些停车位会毁掉 Skillman 沿街的商店与餐馆。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(Local business owners on Skillman Ave argued that their businesses would be ruined ↔ local business owners got very angry. Taking out those parking spots, as they argued at protests and in letters to the city council, would ruin stores and restaurants along Skillman;when parking spots were replaced by bike lanes ↔ putting bike lanes onto a stretch of Skillman Ave — and removing 116 parking spots)。与之话题相邻的 D 段、J 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 45. People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walking. 这句陈述的信息出自第几段?为什么?
- 2025年12月英语四级真题第1套 长篇阅读(信息匹配) 第 1 篇 第 45 句的信息出自 H 段(强锚点句)。H 段定位句为「streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around」(为自行车和行人重新设计过的街道,往往变成让人更愿意逗留的宜人场所。)。陈述句是对原文的同义改写(People may find it more pleasant to wander around streets redesigned for cycling and walking ↔ streets redesigned for bikes and pedestrians tend to become more pleasant places to hang around)。与之话题相邻的 E 段、G 段虽含相近关键词,但并非该信息的真正出处,需逐一排除。