2017年12月·第3套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 客观介绍洞庭湖的地理与文化 参考译文与解析

主语洞庭湖 + 谓语位于（主语策略：原句主语）中文已有明确主语 洞庭湖，主干就是「洞庭湖位于……」→ Dongting Lake is located in / lies in，主语 Dongting Lake、谓语 lies in、宾语 the northeast of Hunan Province。后面「面积很大」「湖水很浅」是对这个湖的两点补充描述，不是新主干。

两点描述降级为形容词谓语并列「面积很大」「但湖水很浅」是对同一主语的两点性质描述，可处理成 with a large area but shallow water 的 with 介词短语后置，或拆成 it is large but shallow 的并列。推荐 with 结构：Dongting Lake lies in the northeast of Hunan Province, with a large area but shallow water。「但」是转折，用 but 接住，避免照中文用三个 and 平铺。

Dongting Lake lies in the northeast of Hunan Province, with a large area but shallow water.

切成三个主干分别立（主语策略：原句主语）这句中文超长、含多个独立信息块，应在英文里拆成几句而非硬塞一句。三个主干：① 洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池→Dongting Lake serves as a flood basin of the Yangtze River（主系表）；②「湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化」（原文「大校」系「大小」之误）→its size largely depends on seasonal changes（主谓）；③ 湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名→Hubei and Hunan Provinces are named after their positions relative to the lake（转被动）。

得名解释用被动+引号字面义「因其与湖的相对位置而得名」用被动 are named after their relative positions to the lake（得名者作主语，转被动）。「湖北意为'湖的北边'，而湖南则为'湖的南边'」是对得名的解释，降级成同位/分句：with Hubei meaning "north of the lake" and Hunan meaning "south of the lake"，用 meaning 的现在分词带出字面义，引号原样保留。「很大程度上」作状语 largely / to a large extent 修饰 depends。

Dongting Lake serves as a flood basin of the Yangtze River, and its size largely depends on seasonal changes. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their positions relative to the lake, with Hubei meaning "north of the lake" and Hunan meaning "south of the lake".

主语洞庭湖 + 谓语享有盛名（主语策略：原句主语）主干是 洞庭湖……在中国文化中享有盛名→Dongting Lake is well-known / enjoys a great reputation in Chinese culture，主语 Dongting Lake、谓语 enjoys、宾语 a great reputation。「作为龙舟赛的发源地」是说明它「以什么身份」出名，作状语修饰，不是主干。

作为…降级为as介词短语「作为龙舟赛的发源地」用 as the birthplace of dragon boat racing 的 as 介词短语作状语，前置或后置均可：As the birthplace of dragon boat racing, Dongting Lake enjoys a great reputation in Chinese culture。「发源地」译 birthplace / origin，文化负载词意译。

As the birthplace of dragon boat racing, Dongting Lake enjoys a great reputation in Chinese culture.

It is said that 引出据说（主语策略：形式主语it）「据说」是典型的「人们说/传说」，无明确主语，用形式主语句 It is said that…：It is said that dragon boat racing originated on the eastern shore of Dongting Lake。主干 it is said、that 从句里 dragon boat racing originated 才是真内容。也可用 It is believed/According to legend。

始于东岸用originate+方位短语「始于洞庭湖东岸」→originated on the eastern shore of Dongting Lake：动词 originate（起源）+ on the eastern shore of… 方位介词短语。本句结构简单，主体是 that 从句一个主谓，无需再降级别的成分。

It is said that dragon boat racing originated on the eastern shore of Dongting Lake.

本句是上句的目的状语（主语策略：原句主语）「为的是搜寻……」中文虽用句号断成独立句，实为上句「龙舟赛始于东岸」的目的——它没有自己的主语，应承接第4句，用不定式 to search for… 表目的。核心动词「搜寻」→search for / look for，宾语「屈原的遗体」→the body of Qu Yuan。

屈原身份用同位语前置「楚国爱国诗人屈原」→Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the State of Chu：人名 Qu Yuan 在前，身份「楚国爱国诗人」降级成同位语 a patriotic poet of the State of Chu 后置说明。「遗体」译 body / remains。整体：to search for the body of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the State of Chu。

It is said that dragon boat racing originated on the eastern shore of Dongting Lake to search for the body of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the State of Chu.

并列主语 + 谓语吸引（主语策略：原句主语）主干 龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景……吸引着……游客：并列主语 The dragon boat race and the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake and its surroundings，谓语 attract，宾语 thousands of tourists。中文主语是「龙舟赛 + 美景」两项并列，英文照样用 A and B 作复数主语。

数量与来源降级为修饰「每年」→ every year 时间状语；「成千上万」→thousands of 作 tourists 的数量定语；「来自全国和世界各地」→from all over the country and the world 介词短语后置修饰 tourists。整合：…attract thousands of tourists from all over the country and the world every year。一个 attract 当谓语，其余全降级。

The dragon boat race, together with the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake and its surroundings, attracts thousands of tourists from all over the country and the world every year.