2017年12月·第1套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：7 篇录音各自先给 共 2294 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 6 · B 7 · C 5 · D 7。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语六级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2017年12月·第1套 英语六级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
M: And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
M: 现在，让我们来关注一下新闻中较为轻松的一面：在应对食物浪费方面，欧洲正在为世界其他地区树立榜样。
W: That's right, John. This week, the Italian government passed legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food wasted in the country. New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
W: 没错，约翰。本周，意大利政府通过了一项旨在大幅减少该国食物浪费量的法律。新法律已经实施，这将使农场和超市更容易把未售出的食物捐赠给有需要的人。
M: Yes, in addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
M: 是的，除此之外，今后企业如果成功减少食物浪费，还将获得奖励。
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
W: 意大利并不是唯一一个致力于减少食物浪费的国家。就在今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票支持一项法律，该法律将制止大型食品零售商采取导致过度生产、进而造成浪费的不公平贸易行为。
M: In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
M: 在法国，政府已经禁止超市丢弃可食用的食物，并对不遵守规定的企业施加严厉处罚。
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United States, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
W: 尽管还有很多工作要做，但其他国家可以从法国和意大利树立的榜样中学到一些经验。在美国，尽管每七个美国家庭中就有一个无法经常获得充足的食物，但所有食物中仍有多达40%无人食用。造成这一问题的一个主要原因，是人们对食品保质期标签的困惑，而这些标签目前并未受到政府监管。
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on lawmakers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University's Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let's welcome Professor Edward Baker to speak to us.
M: 这一切可能很快就会改变。欧洲这股新法律浪潮无疑会给这里的立法者施加更大压力，促使他们减少食物浪费。现在，让我们听听哈佛大学食品法律与政策诊所的一位发言人对这件事的更多介绍。现在，让我们欢迎 Edward Baker 教授为我们讲话。
What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy?
这位女士对意大利的新法律是怎么说的?
- A) 它们奖励消除食物浪费的企业。
- B) 它们禁止销售已经变质的食物。
- C) 它们为向有需要者捐赠未售出食物提供便利。
- D) 它们禁止企业生产超过需求量的食物。
New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
新法已经出台，将使农场和超市更容易把卖不掉的食物捐给那些有需要的人。
女士直接介绍新法内容。这句出现在女士说 the Italian government passed legislation 之后，紧接着用 New laws have been put into place 展开新法的具体作用，是「谁说 + 说什么」直接落点，正对题干问的「女士关于新法说了什么」。
- make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in needthey facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needymake it easier = facilitate
- A)张冠李戴「奖励减少浪费的商家」确实在录音里出现，但出自男士的 businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste，而本题问的是「女士说」的新法内容，把男士补充的内容安到本题，属张冠李戴。
借用原文：businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste
- B)未提及选项说禁止出售变质食品（gone stale），但女士介绍意大利新法时只谈捐赠，全程未提「禁止销售过期 / 变质食品」，属未提及的编造。
- D)原词陷阱选项 forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed 借用了录音反复出现的 foods 一词，制造「听到就想选」的诱惑，但意大利新法是「便利捐赠」，不是「禁止超量生产」；禁止过量生产是后文欧洲议会的事，本项答非所问。
借用原文：stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction
What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste?
欧洲议会为减少食物浪费做了什么?
- A) 它对浪费食物的企业实施处罚。
- B) 它通过了一项旨在制止过度生产的法律。
- C) 它投票反对从欧洲以外进口食物。
- D) 它禁止促销散装食品销售。
Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
就在今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票通过了一项立法，旨在阻止大型杂货商的不公平贸易行为，这类行为会导致过量生产、进而造成浪费。
主体 European Parliament 后跟动作。录音点出主体 the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation，紧跟的 that 从句说明该立法的目的是 stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction，主体加动作即答案句。
- voted in favor of legislationpassed a law投票赞成立法 = 通过法律
- that result in overproductionaiming to stop overproduction阻止导致过量生产的行为=阻止过量生产
- A)张冠李戴「对浪费食物的商家处以罚款」确有其事，但出自后文 imposed harsh penalties on businesses，主语是法国政府，不是欧洲议会，把法国的做法安到欧洲议会头上，属张冠李戴。
借用原文：imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations
- C)原词陷阱选项含 food import from outside Europe，借用录音里反复出现的 Europe 制造熟悉感，但录音从未说欧洲议会投票反对食品进口，进口一事纯属编造。
借用原文：the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation
- D)未提及选项说禁止散装食品促销（bulk food sales），录音里欧洲议会一段只谈遏制导致过量生产的不公平贸易，从未提「散装促销」，属未提及。
What has the French government done recently?
法国政府最近做了什么?
- A) 它警告其民众可能出现食物短缺。
- B) 它警告其民众可能出现食物短缺。
- C) 它发起了一场全国性的反对食物浪费运动。
- D) 它禁止超市倾倒可食用的食物。
In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
在法国，政府已禁止超市丢弃可食用的食物，并对不遵守规定的商家处以重罚。
In France 主体后跟两个动作。录音以 In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods 直接交代法国政府的动作，主体加动作即答案句，开头的 In France 就是定位信号。
- has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foodsit has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foodsthrowing away = dumping
- A)未提及选项说政府警告民众可能出现食物短缺，录音法国一段只谈禁止丢弃和罚款，从未提「警告短缺」，属未提及的编造。
- B)未提及本项文字与 A 完全相同（warned its people against possible food shortages），同样在录音里无对应，属未提及，自然不是答案。
- C)未提及选项说法国发起了全国性反浪费运动，录音法国段落只有「禁止丢弃 + 罚款」两个动作，从未提 nationwide campaign，属未提及。
What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?
美国食物浪费的主要原因是什么?
- A) 对食品保质期标签的混淆。
- B) 过度生产造成的剩余。
- C) 美国人批量购买食物的习惯。
- D) 缺乏对食物消费的监管。
One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
这个问题的一个主要原因是人们对食品保质期标签的困惑，而这些标签目前并不受政府监管。
信号词 One major cause is。录音直接用 One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels 点出原因，「One major cause...is」就是因果信号词，其后的名词正是答案。
- the confusion over food expiration labelsthe confusion over food expiration labels原句近乎照搬
- B)原词陷阱选项 the surplus resulting from overproduction 借用前文欧洲议会段落的 overproduction 一词制造熟悉感，但「过量生产带来的剩余」是描述欧洲问题的，录音说美国浪费的主因是标签困惑，不是过量生产，属张冠李戴的原词陷阱。
借用原文：that result in overproduction
- C)未提及选项说美国人散装购买食物的习惯，录音美国段落只谈标签困惑和无监管，从未提 buying food in bulk，属未提及。
- D)偷换概念录音确实说 not regulated by the government，但被监管缺失的是「保质期标签」，选项 a lack of regulation on food consumption 把「不受监管的标签」偷换成「对食品消费缺乏监管」，对象被悄悄改成 consumption，答非所问。
借用原文：which are currently not regulated by the government
M: Thank you for calling Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store. How can I be of assistance to you today?
M: 感谢您致电萨克斯第五大道百货商店。请问今天有什么可以帮您？
W: Hello, I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did, but for a much lower price.
W: 您好，我上周末到过你们店里，买了几件东西。昨天，我朋友告诉我一年一度的店庆促销已经开始了。后来我才知道，她买了和我一样的毛衣，但价格比我买的低很多。
M: Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. We do offer price adjustments within 7 days of purchase to ensure our customers' satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?
M: 是的。我们的店庆促销从周一开始。为了确保顾客满意，我们提供购买后7天内的价格调整服务。您刚才说您是上周末在这里购买的吗？
W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.
W: 是的。我上周日下午在你们店里购物。
M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail if you prefer.
M: 那肯定在价格调整期限内。您在我们这里有账户吗？如果您愿意，我们可以直接把差价存入您的账户。否则，如果您更 prefer，我们也可以邮寄一张礼品卡给您。
W: Crediting my account would be wonderful. Thank you. Now that you mention there is a sale going on, I do remember a dress I quite liked when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?
W: 把钱存入我的账户就太好了。谢谢。既然您提到现在正在促销，我确实想起了周日在店里时看中了一条裙子。那条裙子也在促销吗？
M: Yes, ma'am. All the new arrivals are fifteen to twenty percent off. In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it.
M: 是的，女士。所有新品都打八折到八五折。除了促销活动之外，如果您有需要，我们还提供免费修改服务。
W: That's good news. The dress really caught my eye but I did have some concerns about the length. How long will the alterations take?
W: 那太好了。那条裙子确实很吸引我，但我对长度有些顾虑。修改需要多长时间？
M: Our tailoring department guarantees alterations to be completed within 5 working days. If you'd like, I can set one aside for you. If you are able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager and they will be able to assist you.
M: 我们的裁缝部保证在5个工作日内完成修改。如果您愿意，我可以为您留一条。如果您今天下午能过来，只要把您的姓名告诉销售经理，他们就能为您提供帮助。
What do we learn about Saks department store?
关于Saks百货商店我们了解到什么?
- A) 它已经启动了为期一周的促销活动。
- B) 它刚刚推出了年度周年庆销售活动。
- C) 它全年提供定期的周末促销活动。
- D) 它专营女士名牌服装销售。
店员对店情的直接确认。顾客先在 the annual anniversary sales had begun 提出周年庆已开始，店员用 Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday. 当面确认——这种"被问者的直接肯定应答"就是答案信号，确认句里的事实即店情真相。
- Our anniversary sales started on Mondayit has just launched its annual anniversary salesstarted on Monday = just launched
- A)原词陷阱录音确有 we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring，A 借 promotion 一词制造"听到就想选"，但那是免费改衣的促销、且非"为期一周"，本题问的店情核心是周年庆开张，A 答非所问。
借用原文：we are running a promotion
- C)偷换概念录音说的是 anniversary sales started on Monday(一年一度、刚开始)，C 却说 regular weekend sales all the year round(常年都有的周末特卖)，把"年度限时"偷换成"常年"，与原文性质相反。
借用原文：anniversary sales started on Monday
- D)未提及对话后段虽提到顾客看中 a dress，但录音从未说这家店"专营女士设计师裙装"，D 把一件商品放大成"经营品类"，属无中生有。
What does the man say Saks department store offers?
男士说Saks百货商店提供什么服务?
- A) 为常客提供价格优惠。
- B) 为大宗采购的顾客提供优惠券。
- C) 为老年顾客提供免费送货服务。
- D) 购买后七天内进行价格调整。
We do offer price adjustments within 7 days of purchase to ensure our customers' satisfaction.
我们确实提供购买后 7 天内的价格调整，以确保顾客满意。
店员用 offer 直接报政策。店员一句 We do offer price adjustments within 7 days of purchase 与题干 offer 同源，do 加重语气强调"确实提供"——这种"说话人亲口用 offer 报出政策"就是答案信号，直接锁定该句。
- price adjustments within 7 days of purchaseprice adjustments within seven days of purchase数字 7 = 拼写 seven，余几乎原句
- A)未提及录音里顾客说朋友买到 a much lower price，A 借"降价"的印象编出 price reductions for its frequent customers，但原文从未提"给老客户专门降价"，对象与政策都是无中生有。
- B)未提及coupons for customers with bulk purchases 说的优惠券与大批量购买，录音通篇没提，属凭"商场常给券"的常识硬填。
- C)未提及free delivery of purchases for senior customers 的"为老年顾客免费送货"原文完全没有，是凭空捏造的对象+服务。
What does the woman want the store to do to address the price difference?
女士希望商店如何处理价格差额?
- A) 给她邮寄一张礼品卡。
- B) 允许她赊账购买。
- C) 将差额记入她的账户。
- D) 给她一些优惠券。
顾客在二选一中的明确选定。店员在 We can credit your account directly... Otherwise, we can send a gift card by mail 给出两条路，顾客用 Crediting my account would be wonderful 挑定第一条——这种"被给选择者的拍板应答"就是答案信号，选定句即答案。
- Crediting my account would be wonderfulCredit it to her account.Crediting my account = Credit it to her account
- A)原词陷阱Mail a gift card to her. 确实被店员当备选说出 we can send a gift card by mail，但那是顾客没选的 Otherwise 方案；盗用这句原词诱你选"听过的"，实则被放弃。
借用原文：we can send a gift card by mail
- B)偷换概念Allow her to buy on credit. 借 credit 与原文 credit your account 同词，但 buy on credit 是"赊账消费"，与"把差价记入账户"完全两回事，是同词分叉的偷换。
借用原文：credit your account
- D)未提及Give her some coupons. 的优惠券原文压根没提，更不是顾客处理差价选定的方式，无中生有。
What is the service Saks department store offers in addition to the promotion sale?
除了促销活动外,Saks百货商店还提供什么服务?
- A) 退货商品退款。
- B) 免费安装电器。
- C) 延长商品保修期。
- D) 免费修改服装。
In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it.
除了打折之外，我们还在搞一个免费裁改的活动，如果你需要的话。
追加信号 In addition to。店员用 In addition to the sale 这个"追加"信号词领出促销之外的内容，信号后紧跟 complimentary tailoring——题干 in addition 与录音 In addition to 对位，信号后那条服务即答案。
- complimentary tailoringcomplimentary tailoringcomplimentary tailoring 原词对应
- A)偷换概念录音谈的是 price adjustments(退差价)，A 的 refunding for goods returned 是"退货退款"，话题相近但性质不同，且不是"促销之外的额外服务"，借"退"的印象设陷。
借用原文：price adjustments
- B)未提及free installing of appliances 的免费安装家电，录音通篇没提，凭"商场附加服务"常识硬填。
- C)未提及录音只说改衣 completed within 5 working days(5个工作日完工)，C 的 prolonged goods warranty"延长保修"是另一回事，借"时间/期限"的印象误导。
Barbie dolls have a particular look to them. They're thin, tall, long-legged … and virtually unlike any real human being. Although over the years Barbie has had more than 180 different careers—including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut—her body shape hasn't changed much.
芭比娃娃有着独特的外形。她们身材纤细、高挑、双腿修长……几乎不像任何真实的人类。多年来，芭比曾从事过180多种不同职业，包括足球教练、手语教师、大使、总统和宇航员，但她的体形并没有太大变化。
Last year Mattel, the company that makes Barbie dolls, added some Barbies to its line that have different skin tones and hair textures. There are now Barbies with one of seven skin tones, 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles to choose from. Last year Mattel also gave Barbie a flat foot, rather than forcing her to be "in heels" all the time like the original Barbie is.
去年，生产芭比娃娃的美泰公司在其产品系列中增加了一些拥有不同肤色和发质的芭比娃娃。现在，消费者可以选择拥有七种肤色之一、22种眼睛颜色和24种发型的芭比娃娃。去年，美泰还让芭比拥有了平底脚，而不是像最初的芭比那样一直被迫“穿着高跟鞋”。
Now they are introducing new Barbies with three slightly different body shapes, while the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold.
现在，他们正在推出三种略有不同体形的新款芭比娃娃，而原有的高挑纤细款芭比仍将继续销售。
In a statement on its website, the company says it wants Barbies to look more like real people, and to give "girls everywhere … infinitely more ways to spark their imagination and play out their stories."
该公司在其网站的一份声明中表示，他们希望芭比娃娃看起来更像真实的人，并为“世界各地的女孩……提供无限多种方式来激发想象力、演绎她们自己的故事”。
Although many people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don't go far enough. They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original, tall, thin Barbies.
尽管许多人表示，新款芭比娃娃朝着正确的方向迈进了一步，但也有人认为它们还不够。他们说，新款芭比的体形还可以与原有的高挑纤细款芭比有更大的差异。
Sales of Barbie dolls have been falling "every year since 2012," according to CBC News.
据 CBC News 报道，芭比娃娃的销量“自2012年以来每年都在下降”。
The toys aren't in stores yet but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.
这些玩具目前还没有在商店出售，但从本周开始，它们将在芭比官网上以9.99美元的价格进行线上销售。
What do we know about the original Barbie dolls?
关于最初的芭比娃娃，我们了解到什么?
- A) 它们纤瘦、高挑，不像真实的人类。
- B) 它们有二十多种不同的头发质地。
- C) 它们总共有二十四种不同的身体形状。
- D) 它们代表了几乎所有阶层的人。
They're thin, tall, long-legged … and virtually unlike any real human being.
它们又瘦又高、腿很长……而且几乎不像任何真人。
开篇对原版的定性描写句。第一段开头先说芭比有其独特长相，紧接 They're thin, tall, long-legged … and virtually unlike any real human being 一句正面定性原版外形，是承载答案的描写句；这种'话题对象+一串形容词'的句子就是细节题的落点。
- thin, tallthin, tall原词照搬，描述一致
- virtually unlike any real human beingunlike real human beings近义改写，单复数微调
- B)原词陷阱录音里 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles 确实念到了发型与数字，B 借此设陷；但这些是第二段给'新款'添加的，并非问的'原版(original)'，而且 more than twenty different hair textures 把数字与对象都套错了，属答非所问。
借用原文：22 eye colours and 24 hair styles
- C)原词陷阱twenty-four different body shapes 里的 twenty-four 来自录音 24 hair styles，但 24 修饰的是发型(hair styles)不是身材(body shapes)，且仍是新款而非原版，数字与对象双重张冠李戴。
借用原文：24 hair styles
- D)与原文相反represent people from virtually all walks of life 说原版能代表各阶层的人，但录音明确说原版 virtually unlike any real human being(不像任何真人)，方向正好相反；'represent real people'是后文公司对新款的愿望，被挪来形容原版。
借用原文：virtually unlike any real human being
Why do some people feel unsatisfied with the new Barbie dolls?
为什么有些人对新款芭比娃娃感到不满?
- A) 它们没有反映年轻女孩的愿望。
- B) 它们没有与原版一起出售。
- C) 它们的平足不吸引青少年。
- D) 它们的身体形状没有太大变化。
Although many people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don't go far enough. They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original, tall, thin Barbies.
尽管很多人说新款芭比是朝正确方向迈出的一步，但有些人说它做得还不够。他们说新的身材本可以与原版又高又瘦的芭比差别更大。
让步Although后的批评+They say补因。Although many people say… some people say they don't go far enough 用让步连词 Although 把正面评价抛在前、把批评 don't go far enough 落在后，转折后才是真意；紧接 the new body shapes could be even more different 用 They say 补出不满的具体原因，正是答案句。
- the new body shapes could be even more different from the originaltheir body shapes have not changed much反话正说，等值转换
- A)原词陷阱do not reflect young girls' aspirations 里的女孩、愿望让人联想录音 girls everywhere … infinitely more ways to spark their imagination，但那是第四段公司的正面愿景，且录音从没说新款'不反映女孩愿望'，属盗用原词、答非所问。
借用原文：girls everywhere … infinitely more ways to spark their imagination
- B)与原文相反not sold together with the original 说新款不与原版一起卖，但录音第三段说 the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold(原版会继续卖)，并无'不一起卖'之说，且这也不是不满的原因，方向与事实都不符。
借用原文：the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold
- C)原词陷阱flat feet do not appeal to adolescents 借用录音 gave Barbie a flat foot 的 flat foot 设陷，但录音里平脚是作为'改进'正面提及的，从未说它'不吸引青少年'，整句是无中生有的捏造。
借用原文：gave Barbie a flat foot
Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first?
新款芭比娃娃将首先在哪里销售?
- A) 在玩具店
- B) 在购物中心。
- C) 在互联网上
- D) 在芭比专卖店
The toys aren't in stores yet but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99.
这些玩具还没在(实体)店里上架，但本周起将在芭比官网线上发售，售价 9.99 美元。
but对比+yet表'还没/率先'。The toys aren't in stores yet but they will be sold online 用 aren't… yet(还没在店) 与 but… online(但将在线上) 形成对比，but 之后的 online 才是答案；yet 与 starting this week 共同对应题干的 first(最先在线上卖)。
- sold online at the Barbie websiteon the internetonline=on the internet，上位概括
- A)与原文相反in toy stores 借录音 aren't in stores yet 的 stores 设陷，但原文恰恰说'还没在店里'(aren't… yet)，实体店正是被否定、被排除的地点，听到 stores 就选反而中招。
借用原文：The toys aren't in stores yet
- B)未提及in shopping malls 的购物中心在整段录音里根本没出现，属凭'卖东西就该在商场'的常识捏造，是无中生有。
- D)原词陷阱at Barbie shops 抓住录音 at the Barbie website 的 Barbie 一词，却把 website(官网/线上) 偷换成 shops(实体专卖店)，正是听清品牌名没听清是线上还是线下就会中的陷阱。
借用原文：at the Barbie website
The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century, but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that a printing press using movable metal type was invented. Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry. Right from the start, book printing and publishing were organized on capitalist lines. The biggest sixteenth-century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers. Only a small fraction of the population was literate, but the production of books grew at an extraordinary speed. By 1500 some twenty million volumes had already been printed.
我们今天所知的最早的印刷书籍于868年出现在中国，而金属活字在15世纪初已在朝鲜使用；但是，大约在1450年，德国发明了使用金属活字的印刷机。资本主义把印刷从一项发明变成了一个产业。从一开始，书籍印刷和出版就按照资本主义方式组织起来。16世纪最大的印刷商、安特卫普的普朗坦拥有24台印刷机，雇用了100多名工人。当时只有一小部分人口识字，但书籍的生产却以惊人的速度增长。到1500年，已经印刷了大约2000万册书籍。
The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a handwritten form, while less popular works went out of circulation. Publishers were interested only in books that would sell fairly quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit. Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice.
印刷术产生的直接影响，是增加了那些原本以手抄形式已经广受欢迎的作品的流通，而不太受欢迎的作品则停止流通。出版商只对那些能够在较短时间内以足够数量售出，从而收回生产成本并获得利润的书籍感兴趣。因此，印刷术使低价、大批量生产成为可能，极大地增加了人们接触书籍的机会，但同时也减少了选择。
The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages. Most early books were printed in Latin, but the market for Latin was limited, and in its pursuit of larger markets the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages emerging at the time. Printing indeed played a key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print, and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
印刷术产生的重大文化影响，在于它促进了民族语言的发展。早期的大多数书籍都是用拉丁文印刷的，但拉丁文的市场有限。为了开拓更大的市场，图书贸易很快就开始把书籍翻译成当时正在兴起的民族语言。印刷术通过将这些语言固定在印刷文本中，并编纂词典和语法书，确实在使它们标准化和稳定化方面发挥了关键作用。
What happened in Germany around the year 1450?
1450年前后德国发生了什么?
- A) 活字金属字模开始被用于印刷
- B) 中国印刷技术首次被引入
- C) 已知最早的书籍被出版
- D) 金属字模从朝鲜进口
but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that a printing press using movable metal type was invented.
但正是在德国、约1450年，一种使用活动金属活字的印刷机被发明出来。
转折 but + 强调句 it was…that 双重锁定。这句以 but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that 开头，转折词 but 把前面提到的中国、韩国都甩开，强调句式 it was…that 又把 Germany、1450 重重圈出，转折后加强调正是答案信号，德国此时发生的事就在 that 之后。
- a printing press using movable metal type was inventedmoveable metal type began to be used in printing发明使用活字印刷机 = 活字开始用于印刷
- B)张冠李戴录音里中国相关的是 The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868，那是868年的中国、且讲的是最早印本书，与本题问的德国1450年完全错位，选项把中国印刷术引入安到这个时间点上属张冠李戴。
借用原文：The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868
- C)原词陷阱The earliest known book was published 借用了录音 The earliest printed book we know today 的原词，但那件事发生在868年的中国，不是德国1450年，听到 earliest book 就选正中陷阱。
借用原文：The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868
- D)偷换概念metal type was imported from Korea 拼接了录音里的 metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century，但录音说的是韩国在用金属活字，从没说德国从韩国进口，且那是15世纪初的韩国，不是1450年的德国，既偷换概念又时间地点错位。
借用原文：metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century
What does the speaker say about the printer, Plantin of Antwerp?
关于Antwerp的印刷商Plantin,说话者说了什么?
- A) 它拥有一百多台印刷机。
- B) 它是16世纪最大的印刷厂。
- C) 它帮助德国人识字。
- D) 它总共印制了约两千万册书籍
The biggest sixteenth-century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers.
16世纪最大的印刷商，安特卫普的Plantin，拥有24台印刷机，雇佣了一百多名工人。
最高级 the biggest 直接定性。这句开头 The biggest sixteenth-century printer, Plantin of Antwerp 用最高级 the biggest 直接给这家印刷商定性，最高级在听力里常是答案信号，对它的地位评价就藏在这个最高级里。
- The biggest sixteenth-century printerit was the biggest printer in the 16th century几乎原词对应的最高级表述
- A)原词陷阱录音说 had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers，是24台印刷机、一百多名工人，A项 it had more than a hundred printing presses 把 a hundred 这个数字从工人挪到了印刷机上，数字是真的，单位被偷换了。
借用原文：had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers
- C)未提及录音另一处说 Only a small fraction of the population was literate，C项 it helped the German people become literate 借用了 literate 一词，还顺手拉来话题里的德国，但录音从没说这家印刷商帮德国人识了字，属强加因果、无中生有。
借用原文：Only a small fraction of the population was literate
- D)张冠李戴录音 By 1500 some twenty million volumes had already been printed 说的是到1500年全行业总共印了约两千万册，D项 it produced some 20 million volumes in total 把这个全行业数字安到 Plantin 这一家头上，数字真但主语错了。
借用原文：By 1500 some twenty million volumes had already been printed
What was the immediate effect of printing?
印刷术的直接影响是什么?
- A) 它使手抄本退出了流通。
- B) 它促进了流行作品的传播。
- C) 它使写作成为一种非常有利可图的职业。
- D) 它为读者提供了更多选择。
The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a handwritten form, while less popular works went out of circulation.
印刷术的直接影响是增加了那些以手稿形式本就受欢迎的作品的流通，而不太受欢迎的作品则退出了流通。
段首主题句 + 题干同词 immediate effect。本段第一句即出现题干同款词 The immediate effect of printing was to，段首主题句直接对应题干，是最强的答案信号，影响的具体内容紧跟其后。
- to increase the circulation of works that were already popularit boosted the circulation of popular worksincrease circulation of popular = boost circulation of popular works
- A)原词陷阱录音说的是 less popular works went out of circulation，退出流通的是不太受欢迎的作品；A项 it pushed handwritten books out of circulation 把 out of circulation 这个原词搬来，却换成把手写书全挤出流通，主语被换、范围被夸大成绝对。
借用原文：less popular works went out of circulation
- C)偷换概念录音说 cover the costs of production and make a profit，赚钱的是出版商；C项 it made writing a very profitable career 借用 profit 一词，却把它扯到写作成为赚钱职业上，录音从没说写作变成了盈利行当，属偷换概念。
借用原文：cover the costs of production and make a profit
- D)与原文相反录音段尾明确说 it also reduced choice，印刷术也减少了选择；D项 it provided readers with more choices 说给读者更多选择，方向与原文完全相反，是典型的正话反说。
借用原文：it also reduced choice
What was the great cultural impact of printing?
印刷术的重大文化影响是什么?
- A) 它加速了拉丁语的消亡。
- B) 它使语法书的出版标准化。
- C) 它使翻译成为一种受欢迎的职业。
- D) 它促进了民族语言的发展
The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages.
印刷术重大的文化影响在于它推动了民族语言的发展。
段首主题句 + 题干同词 great cultural impact。本段第一句就是 The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages，与题干 great cultural impact 完全撞词，段首主题句直接给出结论，是最强答案信号，后面 Latin、grammar books 都是对它的展开论证。
- it facilitated the growth of national languagesit promoted the growth of national languagesfacilitated = promoted 的同义替换
- A)过度推断录音只说 the market for Latin was limited，拉丁语市场有限；A项 it accelerated the extinction of the Latin language 借用 Latin 一词，却夸张成加速拉丁语灭绝，市场有限不等于灭绝，属过度推断。
借用原文：the market for Latin was limited
- B)原词陷阱录音 producing dictionaries and grammar books 里 grammar books 只是印刷术固定语言的手段之一，B项 standardized the publication of grammar books 把这个细节词搬来当作重大影响，是听到原词就想选的陷阱，且原文是用语法书去规范语言，不是规范语法书的出版。
借用原文：producing dictionaries and grammar books
- C)未提及录音说 the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages，书业产出了译本；C项 turned translation into a welcome profession 借用 translation 一词，却说让翻译成了受欢迎的职业，录音从没说翻译变成一种职业，属无中生有。
借用原文：the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages
You dream about being a movie star. You'll live in a big house in Hollywood, go to the Oscars every year—and win! You'll be rich and famous. Wait a minute, you also hate having your photo taken, and you're very shy, so how could you ever become a movie star?
你梦想成为一名电影明星。你将住在好莱坞的一所大房子里，每年参加奥斯卡颁奖典礼——而且还会获奖！你会变得富有而出名。不过等一下，你还讨厌别人给你拍照，而且你非常害羞，那么你怎么可能成为电影明星呢？
Choosing the right career can be hard. Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives, and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine, but others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. Your working life lasts an average of forty years, so it's important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about. Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this.
选择合适的职业可能很难。许多人从学校或大学毕业时，并不知道自己一生想做什么，于是没有真正认真考虑就找了一份工作。对有些人来说，事情进展得很顺利，但另一些人常常发现自己被困在一份讨厌的工作中。你的职业生涯平均会持续四十年，因此找到一份自己喜欢并且愿意为之投入热情的工作非常重要。幸运的是，你可以通过许多方式获得帮助来做到这一点。
The Australian website, www.careersonline.com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best. If you're not a romantic person, you won't want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets, and find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work, and how to get a job in that profession.
澳大利亚网站 www.careersonline.com 将选择职业比作看电影。在看电影之前，你会先了解正在上映哪些影片。该网站建议你在选择职业时也应这样做——了解有哪些工作可供选择，以及你有哪些选择。接下来，决定你最喜欢哪部电影。如果你不是一个浪漫的人，就不会想看爱情故事。换句话说，在选择职业时，你应该决定哪种工作适合你的性格。最后，决定如何购买电影票，并在出发前弄清楚电影院在哪里。在选择职业时，你需要了解可以在哪里工作，以及如何在这一行业找到工作。
So, how do you start? Begin by asking yourself some questions. Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences: Have you traveled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license, for example? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become an animal doctor. Flight attendants, firefighters, and police officers have to be over a certain height, and be physically fit. Your personality matters, too. Are you outgoing or shy? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.
那么，你该如何开始呢？先问自己一些问题。有些工作要求你具备某些生活经历：你去过海外吗？除了学位之外，你是否还持有其他证书，例如急救证书？你的身体状况和体格也会影响你能够从事哪些工作。例如，一个对猫过敏的人可能永远不会成为一名动物医生。空乘人员、消防员和警察必须达到一定身高，并且身体健康。你的性格也很重要。你是外向还是害羞？如果你喜欢独自工作，那么一份需要大量团队合作的工作可能不适合你。
Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you'll be glad you thought it through.
选择职业可能需要时间，也需要认真思考。然而，当你知道自己可以期待从事梦想中的工作时，你会庆幸自己曾经认真考虑过。
What does the speaker say about many college graduates?
说话者关于许多大学毕业生说了什么?
- A) 它促进了民族语言的发展
- B) 他们平均花一年时间找工作。
- C) 他们在同一份工作中困守数十年。
- D) 他们选择工作时没有深思熟虑。
Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives, and get a job without really thinking about it.
很多人从中学或大学毕业时并不知道自己想做什么，于是没怎么认真考虑就随便找了份工作。
群体词 graduate 直接点名 + 行为描述。答案句以 Many people graduate from school or college 点名了题干里的"college graduates"群体，紧接着 get a job without really thinking about it 描述他们的行为，群体词一出现就锁定这句，这是篇章题靠"对象词定位"的典型信号。
- get a job without really thinking about itThey choose a job without thinking it through.get a job≈choose a job，without thinking≈without thinking it through
- B)原词陷阱They spend an average of one year finding a job. 盗用了录音里 Your working life lasts an average of forty years 的 average 和数字感，但原文的"average"修饰的是"工作生涯长达四十年"，根本不是"花一年找工作"，是把数字嫁接到错误对象上。
借用原文：Your working life lasts an average of forty years
- C)原词陷阱They become stuck in the same job for decades. 盗用了录音 stuck in a job they hate 的"stuck"，但原文说的是"困在一份讨厌的工作里"，并没说"同一份工作几十年(for decades)"，凭空加了时间夸大，且原文这是"others"(部分人)的情形、不是讲"many college graduates"的整体说法。
借用原文：others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate
- A)未提及It promoted the growth of national languages 既与"选职业"主题无关，录音里也根本没有 national languages 的任何内容，是和全篇脱节的无关干扰。
What does the Australian website suggest you do first to find a suitable job?
澳大利亚网站建议你首先做什么来找到合适的工作?
- A) 看看是否会有晋升机会。
- B) 弄清楚有哪些工作选择。
- C) 观看一部关于求职方法的电影。
- D) 决定哪份工作最吸引你。
Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are.
看电影前，你会先查有哪些电影在上映。该网站建议你对职业也照此办理——弄清有哪些工作可选、你都有哪些选项。
次序词 Before + 类比 do the same 引出第一步。Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing 用 Before 标出"第一步"，再用 do the same with your career 把看电影的第一步类比到选职业，紧接着 find out what jobs are available and what your options are 就是落到职业上的第一步动作，次序词加类比是这句成为答案句的信号。
- find out what jobs are available and what your options arefind out what job choices are available.what jobs are available + your options=what job choices are available
- C)原词陷阱watch a film about ways of job hunting. 盗用了录音反复出现的 Before you see a movie 里的 movie/film，但录音是拿"看电影"打比方，从没建议你真去看一部关于找工作的电影，把比喻误当字面动作。
借用原文：Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing
- D)答非所问decide which job is most attractive to you. 对应录音 decide which movie you like best/decide which job will suit your personality，但那是类比里的"第二步"(决定喜欢哪个)，题干问的是 first，答非所问。
借用原文：Next, decide which movie you like best
- A)未提及see if there will be chances for promotion. 讲"晋升机会"，录音讲第一步时只说"弄清有哪些工作"，全篇没有 promotion 的对应内容，属凭空添加。
What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian website?
根据澳大利亚网站的说法,在寻找合适的工作时你应该考虑什么?
- A) 你拥有的资历。
- B) 你将获得的报酬。
- C) 你目标公司的文化。
- D) 你将所处的工作环境。
Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences: Have you traveled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license, for example?
有些工作要求你具备某些人生经历：你出过国吗？除了学位，你还有别的证书吗，比如急救执照？
require you to have + 列举证书学历，对应"资历"。Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences 以"有些工作要求你具备……"领起，随后列举 extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license，证书、学位这些正是"资历"，是该句承载答案的信号。
- any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid licensethe qualifications you have.certificates/degree/license 是 qualifications 的下位例子
- C)偷换概念the culture of your target company. 看似呼应录音谈的"personality / suit"，但录音 decide which job will suit your personality 说的是工作要合"你的个性"，不是"目标公司的文化"，把"个人个性"偷换成"公司文化"。
借用原文：decide which job will suit your personality
- D)偷换概念the work environment you will be in. 借了录音 If you like working alone、physical state 等说法的影子，但录音讲的是"你的体能状态、是否喜欢独自工作"这类自身条件，不是客观的"工作环境"，属概念偏移。
借用原文：Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do
- B)未提及the pay you are going to get. 是人人觉得择业"当然要看"的因素，但该网站谈的是 life experiences、certificates、physical state、personality，从头到尾没提 pay/salary，纯属凭常识硬填。
Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins December 26th and lasts for seven days.
宽扎节是一个文化节日，非裔美国人在此期间庆祝并反思他们作为两个世界的产物所拥有的丰富遗产。节日从12月26日开始，持续七天。
Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds. It begins December 26th and lasts for seven days.
宽扎节是一个文化节日，非裔美国人在此期间庆祝并反思他们作为两个世界的产物所拥有的丰富遗产。节日从12月26日开始，持续七天。
After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or "first fruits" celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions. Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning "the first fruits of the harvest."
在进行了广泛研究、考察了许多非洲族群的节庆之后，他决定这个新节日应当是一个丰收节或“初熟果实”庆典，融入许多不同丰收传统中的理念。Kwanzaa是斯瓦希里语，意为“丰收的初熟果实”。
The East African language of Kiswahili was chosen as the official language of Kwanzaa because it is a non-tribal language, spoken by a large portion of the African population. Also, its pronunciation is easy. Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
东非语言斯瓦希里语被选为宽扎节的官方语言，因为它不属于任何部族，并且有相当一部分非洲人口使用这种语言。此外，它的发音很容易。宽扎节以七项原则为基础，分别是团结、自决、集体工作与责任、合作经济、宗旨、创造力和信仰。节日期间每天突出一项原则。
In preparation for the celebration, a straw mat is placed on the table, along with a candle holder with seven candles, one black, three red, and three green. The black candle represents the African-American people, the red is for their struggles, and the green represents their hopes for the future. Other items placed on the table are a variety of fruit, ears of corn, gifts, and a communal unity cup for pouring and sharing drinks.
为庆祝节日，人们会在桌上铺一张草席，并摆放一个插有七支蜡烛的烛台，其中一支黑色、三支红色、三支绿色。黑色蜡烛代表非裔美国人，红色代表他们所经历的斗争，绿色代表他们对未来的希望。桌上还会摆放各种水果、玉米穗、礼物，以及一个用于倒取和分享饮料的团结杯。
Each day of Kwanzaa, usually before the evening meal, family and friends gather around the table and someone lights a candle, beginning with the black. After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right. While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
宽扎节期间的每一天，通常在晚餐前，家人和朋友都会围坐在桌旁，由一人点燃蜡烛，先点黑色蜡烛。随后，蜡烛从左至右交替点燃。点燃蜡烛时，人们会诵读一项原则；然后，在场的每个人轮流谈论这项原则对自己的重要性。
Next the ceremony focuses on remembering those who have died. A selected person pours water or juice from the unity cup into a bowl. That person then drinks from the cup and raises it high saying "Harambee" which means "Let's all pull together." All repeat "Harambee" seven times and each person drinks from the cup. Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did. The ceremony is followed by a meal, and then singing and perhaps listening to African music.
接下来，仪式将重点转向缅怀逝者。一名指定人员将团结杯中的水或果汁倒入碗中，然后从杯中饮用，并高高举起杯子说：“Harambee”，意思是“让我们同心协力”。所有人重复七遍“Harambee”，并且每个人都从杯中饮用。随后，人们会念出非裔美国人领袖和英雄的名字，大家一起回想这些人所做出的伟大贡献。仪式结束后是用餐，接着唱歌，也可能聆听非洲音乐。
What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa?
说话者关于宽扎节说了什么?
- A) 对于非裔美国人来说,它与圣诞节同等重要。
- B) 它是为非裔美国人创立的文化节日。
- C) 它是非裔美国人庆祝的古老节日。
- D) 它是非裔美国人庆祝的宗教节日。
Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds.
Kwanzaa 是一个文化节日，非裔美国人在节日期间庆祝并反思他们作为两个世界产物的丰厚传统。
开篇下定义句 is a cultural festival。录音开门见山一句 Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage，这种 X is a … 的定义句就是答案信号，节日的定性标签 cultural festival 直接给出。
- a cultural festivala cultural festival定性标签原义照搬，cultural 对 cultural
- during which African-Americans celebratefor African-Americans为谁而设，对象一致
- A)未提及It is as important as Christmas for African-Americans. 拿它和圣诞节比重要性，录音从头到尾没有任何 与圣诞节同等重要 的比较，纯属臆造。
- C)与原文相反an ancient festival 借用了录音真有的 festival，但把它说成 古老的；录音明说这是经研究后新设立的节日（the new holiday），与 ancient 正相反。
借用原文：the new holiday
- D)与原文相反a religious festival 同样借 festival 设饵，却把性质改成宗教；录音明确说它是 a cultural festival，文化与宗教正相反。
借用原文：a cultural festival
For what purpose did Dr. Karenga create the special holiday?
Karenga博士创立这个特殊节日的目的是什么?
- A) 敦促非裔美国人为社会做更多贡献。
- B) 号召非裔美国人崇拜他们的神灵。
- C) 帮助非裔美国人实现他们的目标。
- D) 提醒非裔美国人他们遭受的苦难。
Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.
Kwanzaa 建立在七项原则之上，分别是团结、自决、集体劳动与责任、合作经济、目标、创造力和信仰。节日期间每天突出其中一项原则。
节日围绕七项原则展开，指向其引导作用。录音点出这个节日 is based on seven principles，并逐日强调一项原则（One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.），表明设立它是为了用这些积极原则引导非裔美国人，落点对应帮助其实现目标。
- seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faithto realize their goals目标 purpose 与 goals 同义
- One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday.to help African-Americans逐日强调原则即对人的引导帮助
- A)过度推断to urge African-Americans to do more for society. 把目的说成督促为社会多做事，录音只讲个人围绕原则反思，并无 为社会多做贡献 的诉求，是无据的引申。
- B)偷换概念to call on African-Americans to worship their gods. 借用了录音七原则里的 faith（信仰），却把它偷换成 敬拜神明；此处的 faith 是世俗原则之一，并非宗教崇拜，录音也强调这是文化节而非宗教节。
借用原文：faith
- D)答非所问to remind African-Americans of their sufferings. 把目的定在回顾苦难上，录音讲创立宗旨时落在积极原则与传统传承，并无 让人记住苦难 这一目的（红蜡烛象征 struggles 是象征意义，非创立目的）。
借用原文：the red is for their struggles
What does the word "Kwanzaa" mean?
宽扎节这个词是什么意思?
- A) 对自我决定的信念。
- B) 收获的初果。
- C) 团结与合作经济。
- D) 创造性工作与成就。
Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning "the first fruits of the harvest."
Kwanzaa 是一个斯瓦希里语词，意思是 收获的初熟果实。
释义句 a word meaning …。录音明用 a Kiswahili word meaning "the first fruits of the harvest."，meaning 一词就是答案信号，后面引号里的内容就是该词的字面含义。
- the first fruits of the harvestthe first fruits of the harvest.释义内容原义对应
- A)原词陷阱faith in self-determination. 拼用了录音七原则中的 self-determination 和 faith，但那是节日的原则、不是 Kwanzaa 这个词的意思，答非所问。
借用原文：self-determination
- C)原词陷阱unity and cooperative economics. 取自录音七原则里的 unity 和 cooperative economics，同样是原则而非词义，与本题问的 the word mean 不对应。
借用原文：cooperative economics
- D)原词陷阱creative work and achievement. 化用了录音七原则里的 creativity，把原则改头换面当词义；Kwanzaa 的字面意思是收获初果，与 创造性工作 无关。
借用原文：creativity
What do people do while each candle is being lit at the Kwanzaa celebration?
在宽扎节庆祝活动中点燃每支蜡烛时人们做什么?
- A) 他们朗诵一条原则。
- B) 他们进行庄严宣誓。
- C) 他们从团结杯中饮酒。
- D) 他们呼唤祖先的名字。
While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself.
在点蜡烛的同时，会诵读一项原则；然后在场每个人轮流讲述这项原则对自己的意义。
题干 while 句与原文 While 句严丝合缝。录音 While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited 的 While… 句与题干 while each candle is being lit 完全对应，紧跟的 a principle is recited 就是同时发生的动作，正是答案信号。
- a principle is recitedthey recite a principle.被动转主动，动作与宾语一致
- B)未提及they take a solemn oath. 说人们郑重宣誓，录音通篇没有任何 宣誓 的环节，纯属添加。
- C)张冠李戴they drink wine from the unity cup. 借用了录音真有的 the unity cup 和饮用动作，但那发生在后面的缅怀环节（That person then drinks from the cup），并非 点蜡烛的同时；时点错配。
借用原文：That person then drinks from the cup
- D)张冠李戴they call out their ancestors' names. 取自录音的 names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out，但那在缅怀逝者的仪式段，发生在点蜡烛之后，不是 while … is being lit 这一时点。
借用原文：names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out
The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region.
地中海饮食以地中海地区传统文化的饮食模式为基础。
Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy.
一些知名营养学家和研究项目得出结论认为，就预防心脏病和癌症等疾病以及延长预期寿命而言，这种饮食是世界上最有益健康的饮食之一。
The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria. The Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost year round that people eat many times a day. Wine, bread, olive oil, and nuts are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish.
启发了地中海饮食的国家都环绕着地中海。这些文化的饮食习惯经过数千年的发展而形成。在欧洲，意大利、希腊、葡萄牙、西班牙的部分地区以及法国南部遵循地中海饮食的原则，北非的摩洛哥和突尼斯也是如此。巴尔干地区的部分地区和土耳其遵循这种饮食，黎巴嫩和叙利亚等中东国家也是如此。地中海地区温暖而阳光充足，几乎全年都能大量产出新鲜水果和蔬菜，人们每天要多次食用这些食物。葡萄酒、面包、橄榄油和坚果是该地区的其他主食，而地中海历来盛产大量鱼类。
International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s, when medical researchers started to link the occurrence of heart disease with diet. Dr. Ancel Keys performed an epidemiological analysis of diets around the world. Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United States. The study was conducted over a period of decades. It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40% of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amounts of unsaturated fat, mostly in the form of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although some nuts and vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.
国际社会对地中海饮食疗效的兴趣始于20世纪50年代末，当时医学研究人员开始将心脏病的发生与饮食联系起来。Ancel Keys博士对世界各地的饮食进行了流行病学分析。这项名为“七国研究”的研究被认为是有史以来同类研究中最重要的研究之一。在这项研究中，Keys收集了来自希腊、意大利、克罗地亚、塞尔维亚、日本、芬兰、荷兰和美国的近13,000名男性的心脏病及其潜在病因数据。这项研究历时数十年。研究得出结论，参与研究的地中海地区居民享有一些显著的健康优势。地中海地区各组人群在所有年龄段以及各种死因中的死亡率都较低，尤其是心脏病死亡率较低。研究还表明，地中海饮食中的脂肪含量与其他饮食一样高，或更高，其总热量的最高可达40%来自脂肪。不过，它的脂肪摄入模式有所不同。地中海烹饪使用较少的饱和脂肪和较多的不饱和脂肪，其中大部分以橄榄油的形式摄入。饱和脂肪主要存在于肉类和乳制品中，不过一些坚果和植物油也含有饱和脂肪。人体利用饱和脂肪制造胆固醇，而高胆固醇水平后来被证实与心脏病存在直接关联。
What has research concluded about the Mediterranean diet?
关于地中海饮食，研究得出了什么结论?
- A) 它是世界上最健康的饮食之一。
- B) 它含有大量乳制品。
- C) 它在近年来开始影响世界。
- D) 它主要由各种海鲜组成。
Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy.
几位知名营养学家和多项研究项目得出结论：就预防心脏病、癌症等疾病和延长寿命而言，这种饮食是世界上最健康的饮食之一。
下结论动词concluded。答案信号是结论动词 have concluded that，它直接对应题干的 concluded，后面那句 this diet is one of the most healthful in the world 就是研究下的结论，是本题落点。
- this diet is one of the most healthful in the worldIt is one of the world's most healthy diets.healthful=healthy同义改写
- B)原词陷阱录音确实念到 dairy products，但说的是 Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat，而饱和脂肪主要来自肉和乳制品，等于乳制品是少用的，选项 contains large amounts of dairy products 把少说成大量，盗用原词却说反了。
借用原文：Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat
- C)与原文相反录音说国际关注始于 back in the late 1950s，而这饮食习惯 developed over thousands of years，根本不是近年才影响世界，选项 began to impact the world in recent years 与原文相反。
借用原文：began back in the late 1950s
- D)原词陷阱录音只说 the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish，鱼只是物产之一，与水果蔬菜、面包、橄榄油并列，选项 consists mainly of various kinds of seafood 用 mainly 把鱼夸成主体，是以偏概全。
借用原文：the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish
What do we learn about the Seven Countries Study?
关于七国研究，我们了解到什么?
- A) 它涉及来自亚洲、欧洲和美洲的13000名研究人员。
- B) 它于20世纪50年代在七个中东国家进行。
- C) 它被认为是同类研究中最伟大的研究之一。
- D) 它引起了全世界医生的关注。
Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed.
这项研究名为《七国研究》，被认为是同类研究中有史以来最伟大的研究之一。
拔高评价句considered。答案信号是评价动词 it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed，这种 is considered one of the greatest 的拔高句正是对研究地位下的定性，是本题落点。
- it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performedIt is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.considered=regarded、study=research
- A)原词陷阱录音说数据来自 nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy…，13,000 是被调查的男性、来自七个国家，选项 13,000 researchers from Asia, Europe and America 把被研究者偷换成研究者、把国别也改了，是张冠李戴。
借用原文：nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United States
- B)录音说研究始于 back in the late 1950s，1950s 这个时间没错，但参与国是希腊、意大利、日本、芬兰等遍布多洲的国家，并非 seven mid-eastern countries，选项把国别说成七个中东国家，与原文相反。
借用原文：in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United States
- D)未提及录音只说 International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began，讲的是国际兴趣的开端，并没说这项研究引起了全世界医生的注意，选项 drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over 属未提及。
What do we learn about the Mediterranean people from the Seven Countries Study?
从七国研究中我们对地中海地区的人们了解到什么?
- A) 他们非常关心自己的健康。
- B) 他们吃脂肪含量很少的食物。
- C) 他们在烹饪中使用很少的油。
- D) 他们的死亡率较低。
The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease.
地中海人群在所有年龄段、由所有死因导致的死亡率都更低，尤其是心脏病导致的死亡率。
结论后的研究发现句。答案信号是紧跟结论 It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages 之后的具体发现 The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates，它把抽象的健康优势落实为可测的死亡率数据，是本题落点。
- The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality ratesthey have lower mortality rates.groups=they近乎原词
- A)过度推断录音讲的是研究测出的客观结果 significant health advantages 和死亡率，从没说这群人主观上 care much about their health，这是把客观数据推成主观态度，过度推断。
- B)与原文相反录音明确说 the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets，脂肪并不低，选项 eat foods with little fat 与原文相反，盗用了 fat 一词却说反了高低。
借用原文：the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets
- C)原词陷阱录音说脂肪 mostly in the form of olive oil，强调的是用橄榄油这种不饱和脂肪、用量并不小，选项 use little oil in cooking 既盗用 oil 又说成少用油，与原文相反，且这题问的是研究发现的结果而非烹饪习惯，答非所问。
借用原文：higher amounts of unsaturated fat, mostly in the form of olive oil
41 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- M: And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste.
本句涵盖主语、谓语、宾语和多个状语成分，状语类型包括时间、目的或范围、条件或范围，且分布在句首、句中和句末不同位置，适合练习识别插入性状语和区分状语与其他成分。同时，"when it comes to" 这类固定搭配在判断时需注意不误判为从句，有一定训练价值。
- New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
这句主干不至于过难，但包含被动完成、后置限定、形式宾语和嵌套修饰，训练收益很高。对结构和时态一起练习来说，属于很值得优先处理的材料。
- M: Yes, in addition to this, businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
被动语态在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现，"主语 + will be + 过去分词 + for原因状语"是非常典型的句式。掌握此句型后，可迁移到大量类似结构的真题句子中，代表性较强。
- M: In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
这句话主干不至于难到无法下手，但又包含并列谓语、完成时和定语从句等高频训练点，适合用来练习结构识别与时态判断。对句子分析能力的提升比较直接，优先度较高。
- In the United States, up to 40% of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food.
“主句 + despite the fact that ...” 是常见书面句式，考试阅读里很有代表性。掌握这种先陈述事实、再补充让步背景的读法，迁移性较强。
- This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on lawmakers to reduce food waste here.
主谓宾加目的状语的结构在四六级和考研真题中非常常见，名词短语带介词短语后置定语（"wave of laws in Europe"、"pressure on lawmakers"）也是高频句式；不定式作目的状语是必考知识点；掌握本句的分析方法可以直接迁移到大量类似结构的句子上。
- it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.
本句体现了 "主语 + 现在完成时谓语 + 宾语 + 介词短语状语" 的常见结构，"ban somebody from doing" 也是四六级和考研阅读中的高频搭配。简单句结构虽基础，但现在完成时的使用和介词短语状语的辨析在真题中出现频率较高，具有一定的代表性和迁移价值。
- M: Thank you for calling Saks Fifth Avenue Department Store.
"Thank you for + 动名词" 是日常交际中的典型表达，在口语和应用文中常见，但在四六级或考研阅读长难句中出现频率较低，作为考试句式的代表性一般。
- It turned out she bought the same sweater as I did, but for a much lower price.
本句覆盖形式主语与真正主语的识别、主语从句的结构、比较从句的嵌套用法、并列结构中的省略（but 后省略主谓）、以及助动词 did 代替重复动词的用法，成分种类丰富且包含多个实用考点，适合作为综合练习句。
- Now that you mention there is a sale going on, I do remember a dress I quite liked when I was in the shop on Sunday.
本句成分丰富:主句包含强调谓语、主语、复杂宾语(名词加定语从句)、状语从句;状语从句内有谓语、主语、宾语从句;定语从句省略关系代词作宾语,内含程度状语和时间状语从句;时间状语从句是主系表结构加时间状语。覆盖了强调句式、定语从句关系代词省略、多层嵌套、there be 结构等多个易错点,作为划成分练习句训练价值很高
- In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it.
“主句 + if 条件状语从句”是非常常见、可迁移性很强的英语句式。句首再加一个介词短语作背景说明，也是阅读和日常表达里很典型的组合。
- What is the service Saks department store offers in addition to the promotion sale?
本句涵盖疑问句倒装结构、系表结构、限制性定语从句、关系代词省略、介词短语后置修饰等多个知识点，适合训练成分识别和从句还原能力，训练价值较高。
- Although over the years Barbie has had more than 180 different careers—including football coach, sign language teacher, ambassador, president and astronaut—her body shape hasn't changed much.
"Although" 引导的让步状语从句加主句,是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的转折对比句式。主句使用现在完成时否定结构 "hasn't changed",从句使用现在完成时肯定结构 "has had",这种时态呼应和转折逻辑在真题中具有较强代表性,掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。
- Last year Mattel also gave Barbie a flat foot, rather than forcing her to be "in heels" all the time like the original Barbie is.
主句涵盖双宾语结构（gave Barbie a flat foot）和时间状语（Last year），从句包含系表结构和承前省略的表语。双宾语和承前省略是考生常见易错点，有一定练习价值。但成分种类不算丰富（无定语从句、同位语、复杂状语等），整体训练价值中等。
- Although many people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don't go far enough.
让步状语从句与主句对比的结构在四六级和考研阅读中高频出现,用于呈现不同观点的对立,两个宾语从句分别承载各方观点也是议论文的典型句式,具有较强的代表性和迁移价值
- They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original, tall, thin Barbies.
"主句 + that 引导的宾语从句"是四六级和考研阅读中极为常见的句式，尤其在表达观点、报道、推测等场景中频繁出现。掌握这种结构可以迁移到大量类似句子的理解中，具有较高的典型性。
- The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868, and metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century, but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that a printing press using movable metal type was invented.
并列复合句加定语从句是四六级和考研的高频句式；强调句结构和被动语态也是常考点；本句涵盖的结构组合在真题中非常典型，学习后可大量迁移到类似句子。
- Capitalism turned printing from an invention into an industry.
本句涵盖主语、谓语、宾语、状语四种核心成分，且状语部分 "from an invention into an industry" 使用了双介词短语结构，可以用来练习识别方式状语和介词短语的修饰对象，但成分种类相对单一，缺少定语、补语等其他常见成分，训练价值中等偏下。
- Thus, while printing enormously increased access to books by making cheap, high-volume production possible, it also reduced choice.
"while" 引导让步状语从句位于主句之前的结构在四六级和考研阅读中非常常见,用于表达对比或让步关系,学会识别这种结构可以迁移到大量类似句子,具有较高的典型性和实用价值。
- Printing indeed played a key role in standardizing and stabilizing these languages by fixing them in print, and producing dictionaries and grammar books.
"主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 介词短语作定语 + 介词短语作方式状语" 是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式；"play a role in doing sth by doing sth" 结构在学术类文本中反复出现，掌握后可大量复用于因果关系、作用机制等话题的理解。
- it provided readers with more choices.
双宾语结构 "provide sb with sth" 在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，掌握后可迁移到 supply、present、furnish 等类似动词。但本句过于简短，缺少修饰成分，与真题中常见的复杂长句有一定差距。
- For some, things work out fine, but others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate.
but 连接的转折并列句、复合宾语结构（感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补）、省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，学习后可大量迁移到类似句子。
- Your working life lasts an average of forty years, so it's important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about.
因果并列句 + 限制性定语从句（省略关系代词）+ it is important to do 句型，这三种结构都是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，学会后可以大量复用，典型性较高。
- The Australian website, www.careersonline.com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies.
简单句中插入同位语、动名词短语作宾语、介词短语作状语，都是四六级阅读中的常见句式。结构具有一定代表性，学生掌握后可迁移到类似句子，但作为简单句，典型性不如包含从句的复杂句式。
- The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are.
"动词 + 宾语从句 + 宾语从句内再嵌套宾语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频结构。破折号引出同位说明、"what" 引导的宾语从句、并列宾语从句等都是考试常考句式。掌握后可复用到大量类似句子。
- Next, decide which movie you like best.
祈使句 + 疑问词引导的宾语从句是四六级和考研阅读、写作中的常见句式。decide、know、tell 等动词后接疑问词从句的结构在真题中频繁出现。掌握这个句式后，可以快速迁移到 tell me what you want、know where he is 等大量类似结构，复用价值高。
- In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality.
情态动词 should 加动词原形、以及疑问词引导的宾语从句,都是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的句式。掌握本句结构后,可以迁移到大量类似的 "情态动词 + 及物动词 + 宾语从句" 句型。
- Finally, decide how to get movie tickets, and find out where the theater is before you go.
祈使句 + 并列谓语 + 宾语从句 + 时间状语从句的组合是四六级和考研真题中的高频句式;疑问词引导的宾语从句(how to、where)和 before 引导的时间状语从句都是典型结构,学习后可大量复用。
- A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become an animal doctor.
本句的"主语 + 限制性定语从句 + 情态动词谓语 + 表语"结构，是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式。定语从句修饰主语、情态动词表推测、系表结构说明身份，这些都是高频语法点。虽然本句不算特别复杂，但其结构具有很强的可迁移性，掌握后可以应用到大量同类句子的分析中。
- However, when you know you can look forward to working in your dream job, you'll be glad you thought it through.
时间状语从句（when 引导）+ 主句 + 宾语从句（形容词后省略 that）是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。情态动词 can 后接动词短语、动名词作宾语（look forward to working）、一般将来时与一般现在时在条件/时间从句中的搭配，都是常考知识点。句子结构具有很强的代表性，掌握后可迁移到大量类似句型。
- Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds.
主系表结构 + 定语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式，用于定义概念并展开说明。介词 + which 引导定语从句的形式在正式书面语中频繁出现，掌握后可迁移到大量类似句子。并列谓语和方式状语的使用也具有一定代表性。整体结构典型，学习价值较高。
- Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds.
主句为主系表结构加定语从句修饰表语中心名词，这是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。定语从句中介词前置（during which）的用法也是常考点，且从句内部为主谓宾结构加并列谓语，均为典型句式。学习者掌握本句结构后，可直接迁移到大量类似真题句中，实用性强。
- After conducting extensive research in which he studied the festivals of many African groups of people, he decided that the new holiday should be a harvest or "first fruits" celebration, incorporating ideas from many different harvest traditions.
本句成分丰富且层次分明,包括主句的主谓宾结构,宾语从句的主系表结构,状语从句的动名词宾语,定语从句的主谓宾结构,以及主句末尾的分词短语作状语。句中同时出现了名词性从句(宾语从句)、定语从句、状语从句三种从句类型,以及分词短语作状语这一常见易错点,适合练习多种成分的识别与划分
- After that, candles are lit alternately from left to right.
简单句的被动语态 + 方式状语是四六级和考研中常见的基础句式，具有一定代表性，但因过于简单，迁移价值中等，不如复杂句式典型。
- Then names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out, and everyone reflects upon the great things these people did.
并列句加定语从句的组合是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式。被动语态在第一分句的使用、定语从句省略关系代词的现象都是典型考点，学习者掌握后可在大量真题句中复用。
- What do people do while each candle is being lit at the Kwanzaa celebration?
疑问句 + 时间状语从句的组合在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见,尤其时间状语从句使用 while 引导,是典型的时间关系表达。掌握后可迁移到大量类似句式
- The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region.
"be based upon" 是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的被动结构，句式简洁且实用性强，掌握后可在多种语境中复用，具有一定代表性。
- Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy.
主句加宾语从句的结构在学术写作、新闻报道和考试文章中非常常见，尤其是用于引述研究结论、观点陈述等场景。本句的"研究者 + conclude + that从句"句式是典型的学术表达模式，学生掌握后可广泛迁移到阅读和写作中。
- Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed.
被动语态配合宾语补足语的结构在学术写作和考试阅读中高频出现;限制性定语从句的省略形式也是标准考点;过去分词短语作状语修饰整句的用法同样常见,整体句式具有较强的代表性
- It has, however, different patterns of fat intake.
简单句在真题中常见，但本句的 "主 + 谓 + 宾" 结构过于基础，缺乏从句、非谓语动词、复杂修饰等考研或四六级阅读中更典型的句式特征。插入语 "however" 有一定代表性，但整体结构的迁移价值一般。
- It is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.
被动语态"be regarded as"是四六级和考研阅读中高频出现的表达方式，后置定语"of its kind"也是典型的名词修饰结构。作为简单句，该句式具有一定代表性，掌握后可迁移到其他"be + 过去分词 + 介词短语"类句型，但因缺乏从句等复杂结构，典型性不及复合句。
本卷出现的 233 个英语六级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语六级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- dietA2n. 日常饮食
- printingB1n. 印刷
- careerB1n. 职业
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- principleB2n. 原则，准则
- reduceB1v. 减少，降低（数量、大小、程度等）
- culturalB1adj. 文化的
- purchaseB1v. 购买
- departmentA2n. 部门
- originalB1adj. 最初的，原始的
- promotionB2n. 晋升，升职
- unityB2n. 团结
- productA2n. 产品
- accountA2n. 账户
- customerA2n. 顾客，客户
- amountA2n. 数量
- typeA2n. 类型
- regionB1n. 地区
- reflectB1v. 反映，显示
- creditB1n. 赊购，赊账
- harvestB1n. 收获
- circulationB2n. 循环
- impactB2n. 影响
- baseA2n. 基础
- growthB1n. 增长
- unitedB1adj. 联合的
- conductB2v. 组织并实施
- productionB1n. 生产
- representB1v. 代表
- additionA2n. 增加
- concludeB2v. 断定;推断出
- pressA2v. 按，压
- printerA2n. 打印机
- adjustmentB2n. 调整
- bulkB2n. 大部分
- researcherB2n. 研究人员
- focusB1n. 重点
- effectA2n. 影响
- accordC1n. （国家、团体间的）协议
- millionA2num. 一百万
- rateA2n. 速度
- decadeB1n. 十年
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- majorB1adj. 主要的
- accessB1n. 进入
- lackB1v. 缺少
- graduateB1n. 毕业生
- promoteB2v. 促进
- statesA1n. 国家
- availableA2adj. 可获得的
- performB1v. 执行
- aimB1v. 瞄准
- campaignB2n. 运动
- containB1v. 包含，含有
- labelB1n. 标签
- thusB2adv. 因此，所以
- beingB1n. 存在
- patternB1n. 模式
- personalityB1n. 个性
- rewardB1n. 报酬
- regularB1adj. 经常的
- gatherB1v. 聚集，集合
- itemA2n. 项目
- unlikeB1prep. 不像
- directlyB1adv. 直接地
- immediateB2adj. 立即的，即刻的
- skinA2n. 皮肤
- workingA2adj. 有工作的
- regulationB2n. 规则，条例
- annualB1adj. 每年的，年度的
- shortageB2n. 短缺
- eatingA1n. 吃
- banB2v. 禁止
- cookingA1n. 烹饪
- importB1v. 进口
- volumeB1n. 音量
- professionB2n. 职业（尤指需要专门技能和培训的）
- economicsB2n. 经济学
- nutA2n. 坚果
- facilitateC1v. 促进
- toneB1n. 语气，口气
- definitelyB1adv. 肯定地
- dairyB1n. 奶制品
- suitA2n. 套装
- virtuallyB2adv. 几乎,差不多
- confusionB2n. 困惑
- imposeB2v. 强制实行
- voteB1n. 投票
- mortalityC1n. 死亡率
- prohibitB2v. 禁止，不允许
- ceremonyB2n. 典礼
- parliamentB2n. 议会
- penaltyB1n. 处罚
- pourA2v. 倒，灌（液体）
- textureB2n. 质地
- unsoldB2adj. 未售出的
- lessA1det. 较少的
- dataB1n. 数据
- onlineA2adj. 在线的
- affectB1v. 影响
- projectA2n. 项目
- professorB1n. 教授（大学教师的最高职称）
- qualityA2n. 质量
- policyB1n. 政策
- publishB1v. 出版，发行（书籍、杂志等）
- potentialB2adj. 潜在的
- physicalB1adj. 身体的
- concernB1v. 涉及
- traditionalB1adj. 传统的
- involveB1v. 包含
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- recentlyA2adv. 最近
- responsibilityB1n. 责任
- varietyB1n. 多样化
- creativeB1adj. 有创造力的
- significantB2adj. 重要的
- realizeB1v. 意识到，认识到
- quicklyA2adv. 快速地
- variousB1adj. 各种各样的
- importanceB1n. 重要性
- mostlyB1adv. 主要地
- ensureB2v. 确保
- particularlyB2adv. 尤其，特别（强调某事物）
- pressureB1n. 心理压力
- consumptionB2n. 消费
- launchB1v. 推出
- boostB2v. 提高
- struggleB1v. 奋斗
- linkA2n. 联系
- mainlyB1adv. 主要地
- particularB2adj. 特定的
- seniorB1adj. 级别高的
- analysisB2n. 分析
- signA1n. 标志
- appealB2v. 呼吁
- optionB1n. 选择
- creativityB2n. 创造力
- yieldB2v. 产生
- achievementB1n. 成就
- styleA2n. 方式
- currentlyB1adv. 目前，当前
- extinctionB2n. 灭绝
- interestedA1adj. 感兴趣的
- indeedB1adv. 确实，的确（强调肯定）
- officialB1adj. 官方的
- adolescentB2n. 青少年
- giantB1adj. 巨大的
- siteA2n. 地点
- extraA2adj. 额外的
- otherwiseB2adv. 否则，不然
- profitB1n. 利润，盈利
- emergeB2v. 出现;浮现
- aidB1n. 帮助
- flightA2n. 航班
- eliminateB2v. 消除
- employB1v. 雇用
- householdB1n. 家庭
- readerA2n. 读者
- statementB1n. 声明
- sufficientB2adj. 足够的
- traditionB1n. 传统
- finallyA2adv. 终于，最终
- limitedB1adj. 有限的
- obtainB2v. 获得
- satisfactionB2n. 满意
- designerB1n. 设计师
- urgeB2v. 敦促
- targetB1n. 目标;靶子
- accelerateB2v. 加速
- beginningA1n. 开始
- favorB1n. 帮忙
- highlightB2n. 最精彩的部分
- huntingB1n. 打猎
- pursuitB2n. 追求
- calorieB1n. 卡路里，热量单位
- incorporateB2v. 包含
- relateB1v. 使有联系，把…联系起来
- selectB1v. 选择，挑选
- earlierA2adv. 较早地
- preparationB1n. 准备
- regulateB2v. 管理
- slightlyB1adv. 稍微，略微，轻微地
- asideB1adv. 在旁边;到旁边
- fairlyB1adv. 相当
- inspireB2v. 激励
- profitableB2adj. 盈利的，有利可图的
- groceryB1n. 食品杂货
- organizeB1v. 组织，安排（活动、会议等）
- remindA2v. 提醒
- attractiveB1adj. 有吸引力的
- reductionB2n. 减少
- collectiveB2adj. 集体的
- foundA1v. find 的过去式和过去分词
- guaranteeB2n. 保证
- writingA2n. 写作
- assistanceB1n. 帮助
- consistB2v. 由...组成
- dramaticallyB2adv. 显著地
- frequentB1adj. 频繁的
- imaginationB1n. 想象力
- surroundB1v. 围绕
- ancestorB2n. 祖先，祖宗
- dumpB1v. 倾倒
- physicallyB1adv. 身体上
- suitableB1adj. 合适的
- outgoingB2adj. 外向的
- overseasB1adv. 在海外
- publicationB2n. 出版物
- waveA2n. 波浪
- deliveryB1n. 递送
- abundantB2adj. 大量的
- historicallyB2adv. 从历史角度来看
- adhereC1v. 遵守，坚持（规则、信念等）
- faithB1n. 信任
- lengthA2n. 长度
- quantityB1n. 数量
- applianceB1n. 家用电器
- expectancyC1n. 预期寿命
- portionB1n. 部分
- publisherB2n. 出版商
- religiousB1adj. 宗教的
- sparkB1n. 火花
- specializeB2v. 专门从事
- extensiveB2adj. 广泛的;大量的
- needyB2adj. 贫困的
- unfairB1adj. 不公平的
- capitalismC1n. 资本主义(经济制度)
- cornA2n. 玉米
- donateB2v. 捐赠，捐献（金钱、物品等）
- enthusiasticB2adj. 热情的
- harshB2adj. 严厉的
- intakeB2n. 摄入量
- nationwideB2adj. 全国性的
全卷录音原文 758 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 758 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 23 个 · 约 3%。
- 去重总词数
- 758
- B2 以上难词
- 3%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 82%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 C · 2 B · 3 D · 4 A · 5 B · 6 D · 7 C · 8 D · 9 A · 10 D · 11 C · 12 A · 13 B · 14 B · 15 D · 16 D · 17 B · 18 A · 19 B · 20 C · 21 B · 22 A · 23 A · 24 C · 25 D。答案字母分布为 A 6 · B 7 · C 5 · D 7。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 长对话（2 篇）1–8 题；Section B 听力篇章（2 篇）9–15 题；Section C 讲座/讲话（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 2 · 讲座/讲话 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 758 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 35%、A2 及以下约 62%、B1 及以下约 82%、B2 及以下约 97%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 23 个、约占 3%。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力出现了哪些英语六级高频词？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力的录音原文出现 233 个英语六级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语六级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：diet（本卷 12 次，n. 日常饮食）、printing（本卷 11 次，n. 印刷）、career（本卷 8 次，n. 职业）、would（本卷 7 次，aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会）、principle（本卷 6 次，n. 原则，准则）、reduce（本卷 5 次，v. 减少，降低（数量、大小、程度等））、cultural（本卷 5 次，adj. 文化的）、purchase（本卷 5 次，v. 购买 ）。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 1 题：What does the woman say about the new laws in Italy? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 C）they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy。答案句出自录音「New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need」（新法已经出台，将使农场和超市更容易把卖不掉的食物捐给那些有需要的人），靠女士直接介绍新法内容定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need ↔ they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（「奖励减少浪费的商家」确实在录音里出现，但出自男士的 businesses will now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste，而本题问的是「女士说」的新法内容，把男士补充的内容安到本题，属张冠李戴）；B 项属未提及（选项说禁止出售变质食品（gone stale），但女士介绍意大利新法时只谈捐赠，全程未提「禁止销售过期 / 变质食品」，属未提及的编造）；D 项属原词陷阱（选项 forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed 借用了录音反复出现的 foods 一词，制造「听到就想选」的诱惑，但意大利新法是「便利捐赠」，不是「禁止超量生产」；禁止过量生产是后文欧洲议会的事，本项答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 2 题：What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 B）it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction。答案句出自录音「Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste」（就在今年早些时候，欧洲议会投票通过了一项立法，旨在阻止大型杂货商的不公平贸易行为，这类行为会导致过量生产、进而造成浪费），靠主体 European Parliament 后跟动作定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（voted in favor of legislation ↔ passed a law；that result in overproduction ↔ aiming to stop overproduction）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（「对浪费食物的商家处以罚款」确有其事，但出自后文 imposed harsh penalties on businesses，主语是法国政府，不是欧洲议会，把法国的做法安到欧洲议会头上，属张冠李戴）；C 项属原词陷阱（选项含 food import from outside Europe，借用录音里反复出现的 Europe 制造熟悉感，但录音从未说欧洲议会投票反对食品进口，进口一事纯属编造）；D 项属未提及（选项说禁止散装食品促销（bulk food sales），录音里欧洲议会一段只谈遏制导致过量生产的不公平贸易，从未提「散装促销」，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 3 题：What has the French government done recently? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 D）it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods。答案句出自录音「In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations」（在法国，政府已禁止超市丢弃可食用的食物，并对不遵守规定的商家处以重罚），靠In France 主体后跟两个动作定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods ↔ it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（选项说政府警告民众可能出现食物短缺，录音法国一段只谈禁止丢弃和罚款，从未提「警告短缺」，属未提及的编造）；B 项属未提及（本项文字与 A 完全相同（warned its people against possible food shortages），同样在录音里无对应，属未提及，自然不是答案）；C 项属未提及（选项说法国发起了全国性反浪费运动，录音法国段落只有「禁止丢弃 + 罚款」两个动作，从未提 nationwide campaign，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 4 题：What is the major cause of food waste in the United States? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 A）the confusion over food expiration labels。答案句出自录音「One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government」（这个问题的一个主要原因是人们对食品保质期标签的困惑，而这些标签目前并不受政府监管），靠信号词 One major cause is定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the confusion over food expiration labels ↔ the confusion over food expiration labels）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（选项 the surplus resulting from overproduction 借用前文欧洲议会段落的 overproduction 一词制造熟悉感，但「过量生产带来的剩余」是描述欧洲问题的，录音说美国浪费的主因是标签困惑，不是过量生产，属张冠李戴的原词陷阱）；C 项属未提及（选项说美国人散装购买食物的习惯，录音美国段落只谈标签困惑和无监管，从未提 buying food in bulk，属未提及）；D 项属偷换概念（录音确实说 not regulated by the government，但被监管缺失的是「保质期标签」，选项 a lack of regulation on food consumption 把「不受监管的标签」偷换成「对食品消费缺乏监管」，对象被悄悄改成 consumption，答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 5 题：What do we learn about Saks department store? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 5 题是细节题，正确答案 B）it has just launched its annual anniversary sales。答案句出自录音「Yes. Our anniversary sales started on Monday」（是的。我们的周年庆特卖周一就开始了），靠店员对店情的直接确认定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Our anniversary sales started on Monday ↔ it has just launched its annual anniversary sales）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音确有 we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring，A 借 promotion 一词制造"听到就想选"，但那是免费改衣的促销、且非"为期一周"，本题问的店情核心是周年庆开张，A 答非所问）；C 项属偷换概念（录音说的是 anniversary sales started on Monday(一年一度、刚开始)，C 却说 regular weekend sales all the year round(常年都有的周末特卖)，把"年度限时"偷换成"常年"，与原文性质相反）；D 项属未提及（对话后段虽提到顾客看中 a dress，但录音从未说这家店"专营女士设计师裙装"，D 把一件商品放大成"经营品类"，属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 6 题：What does the man say Saks department store offers? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 D）price adjustments within seven days of purchase。答案句出自录音「We do offer price adjustments within 7 days of purchase to ensure our customers' satisfaction」（我们确实提供购买后 7 天内的价格调整，以确保顾客满意），靠店员用 offer 直接报政策定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（price adjustments within 7 days of purchase ↔ price adjustments within seven days of purchase）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（录音里顾客说朋友买到 a much lower price，A 借"降价"的印象编出 price reductions for its frequent customers，但原文从未提"给老客户专门降价"，对象与政策都是无中生有）；B 项属未提及（coupons for customers with bulk purchases 说的优惠券与大批量购买，录音通篇没提，属凭"商场常给券"的常识硬填）；C 项属未提及（free delivery of purchases for senior customers 的"为老年顾客免费送货"原文完全没有，是凭空捏造的对象+服务），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 7 题：What does the woman want the store to do to address the price difference? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 7 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Credit it to her account。答案句出自录音「Crediting my account would be wonderful. Thank you」（把差价记入我的账户就太好了。谢谢），靠顾客在二选一中的明确选定定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Crediting my account would be wonderful ↔ Credit it to her account.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（Mail a gift card to her. 确实被店员当备选说出 we can send a gift card by mail，但那是顾客没选的 Otherwise 方案；盗用这句原词诱你选"听过的"，实则被放弃）；B 项属偷换概念（Allow her to buy on credit. 借 credit 与原文 credit your account 同词，但 buy on credit 是"赊账消费"，与"把差价记入账户"完全两回事，是同词分叉的偷换）；D 项属未提及（Give her some coupons. 的优惠券原文压根没提，更不是顾客处理差价选定的方式，无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 8 题：What is the service Saks department store offers in addition to the promotion sale? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 8 题是细节题，正确答案 D）complimentary tailoring。答案句出自录音「In addition to the sale, we are running a promotion for complimentary tailoring if you need it」（除了打折之外，我们还在搞一个免费裁改的活动，如果你需要的话），靠追加信号 In addition to定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（complimentary tailoring ↔ complimentary tailoring）。其余选项：A 项属偷换概念（录音谈的是 price adjustments(退差价)，A 的 refunding for goods returned 是"退货退款"，话题相近但性质不同，且不是"促销之外的额外服务"，借"退"的印象设陷）；B 项属未提及（free installing of appliances 的免费安装家电，录音通篇没提，凭"商场附加服务"常识硬填）；C 项属未提及（录音只说改衣 completed within 5 working days(5个工作日完工)，C 的 prolonged goods warranty"延长保修"是另一回事，借"时间/期限"的印象误导），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 9 题：What do we know about the original Barbie dolls? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 A）they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings。答案句出自录音「They're thin, tall, long-legged … and virtually unlike any real human being」（它们又瘦又高、腿很长……而且几乎不像任何真人），靠开篇对原版的定性描写句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（thin, tall ↔ thin, tall；virtually unlike any real human being ↔ unlike real human beings）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音里 22 eye colours and 24 hair styles 确实念到了发型与数字，B 借此设陷；但这些是第二段给'新款'添加的，并非问的'原版(original)'，而且 more than twenty different hair textures 把数字与对象都套错了，属答非所问）；C 项属原词陷阱（twenty-four different body shapes 里的 twenty-four 来自录音 24 hair styles，但 24 修饰的是发型(hair styles)不是身材(body shapes)，且仍是新款而非原版，数字与对象双重张冠李戴）；D 项属与原文相反（represent people from virtually all walks of life 说原版能代表各阶层的人，但录音明确说原版 virtually unlike any real human being(不像任何真人)，方向正好相反；'represent real people'是后文公司对新款的愿望，被挪来形容原版），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 10 题：Why do some people feel unsatisfied with the new Barbie dolls? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 D）their body shapes have not changed much。答案句出自录音「Although many people say the new Barbies are a step in the right direction, some people say they don't go far enough. They say that the new body shapes could be even more different from the original, tall, thin Barbies」（尽管很多人说新款芭比是朝正确方向迈出的一步，但有些人说它做得还不够。他们说新的身材本可以与原版又高又瘦的芭比差别更大），靠让步Although后的批评+They say补因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the new body shapes could be even more different from the original ↔ their body shapes have not changed much）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（do not reflect young girls' aspirations 里的女孩、愿望让人联想录音 girls everywhere … infinitely more ways to spark their imagination，但那是第四段公司的正面愿景，且录音从没说新款'不反映女孩愿望'，属盗用原词、答非所问）；B 项属与原文相反（not sold together with the original 说新款不与原版一起卖，但录音第三段说 the original, tall and thin Barbies will continue to be sold(原版会继续卖)，并无'不一起卖'之说，且这也不是不满的原因，方向与事实都不符）；C 项属原词陷阱（flat feet do not appeal to adolescents 借用录音 gave Barbie a flat foot 的 flat foot 设陷，但录音里平脚是作为'改进'正面提及的，从未说它'不吸引青少年'，整句是无中生有的捏造），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 11 题：Where will the new Barbie dolls be sold first? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 11 题是细节题，正确答案 C）on the internet。答案句出自录音「The toys aren't in stores yet but they will be sold online at the Barbie website, starting this week, for $9.99」（这些玩具还没在(实体)店里上架，但本周起将在芭比官网线上发售，售价 9.99 美元），靠but对比+yet表'还没/率先'定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（sold online at the Barbie website ↔ on the internet）。其余选项：A 项属与原文相反（in toy stores 借录音 aren't in stores yet 的 stores 设陷，但原文恰恰说'还没在店里'(aren't… yet)，实体店正是被否定、被排除的地点，听到 stores 就选反而中招）；B 项属未提及（in shopping malls 的购物中心在整段录音里根本没出现，属凭'卖东西就该在商场'的常识捏造，是无中生有）；D 项属原词陷阱（at Barbie shops 抓住录音 at the Barbie website 的 Barbie 一词，却把 website(官网/线上) 偷换成 shops(实体专卖店)，正是听清品牌名没听清是线上还是线下就会中的陷阱），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 12 题：What happened in Germany around the year 1450? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 A）moveable metal type began to be used in printing。答案句出自录音「but it was in Germany around the year 1450 that a printing press using movable metal type was invented」（但正是在德国、约1450年，一种使用活动金属活字的印刷机被发明出来），靠转折 but + 强调句 it was…that 双重锁定定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a printing press using movable metal type was invented ↔ moveable metal type began to be used in printing）。其余选项：B 项属张冠李戴（录音里中国相关的是 The earliest printed book we know today appeared in China in the year 868，那是868年的中国、且讲的是最早印本书，与本题问的德国1450年完全错位，选项把中国印刷术引入安到这个时间点上属张冠李戴）；C 项属原词陷阱（The earliest known book was published 借用了录音 The earliest printed book we know today 的原词，但那件事发生在868年的中国，不是德国1450年，听到 earliest book 就选正中陷阱）；D 项属偷换概念（metal type was imported from Korea 拼接了录音里的 metal type was in use in Korea at the beginning of the fifteenth century，但录音说的是韩国在用金属活字，从没说德国从韩国进口，且那是15世纪初的韩国，不是1450年的德国，既偷换概念又时间地点错位），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 13 题：What does the speaker say about the printer, Plantin of Antwerp? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 B）it was the biggest printer in the 16th century。答案句出自录音「The biggest sixteenth-century printer, Plantin of Antwerp, had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers」（16世纪最大的印刷商，安特卫普的Plantin，拥有24台印刷机，雇佣了一百多名工人），靠最高级 the biggest 直接定性定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（The biggest sixteenth-century printer ↔ it was the biggest printer in the 16th century）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音说 had twenty-four printing presses and employed more than a hundred workers，是24台印刷机、一百多名工人，A项 it had more than a hundred printing presses 把 a hundred 这个数字从工人挪到了印刷机上，数字是真的，单位被偷换了）；C 项属未提及（录音另一处说 Only a small fraction of the population was literate，C项 it helped the German people become literate 借用了 literate 一词，还顺手拉来话题里的德国，但录音从没说这家印刷商帮德国人识了字，属强加因果、无中生有）；D 项属张冠李戴（录音 By 1500 some twenty million volumes had already been printed 说的是到1500年全行业总共印了约两千万册，D项 it produced some 20 million volumes in total 把这个全行业数字安到 Plantin 这一家头上，数字真但主语错了），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 14 题：What was the immediate effect of printing? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 B）it boosted the circulation of popular works。答案句出自录音「The immediate effect of printing was to increase the circulation of works that were already popular in a handwritten form, while less popular works went out of circulation」（印刷术的直接影响是增加了那些以手稿形式本就受欢迎的作品的流通，而不太受欢迎的作品则退出了流通），靠段首主题句 + 题干同词 immediate effect定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（to increase the circulation of works that were already popular ↔ it boosted the circulation of popular works）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音说的是 less popular works went out of circulation，退出流通的是不太受欢迎的作品；A项 it pushed handwritten books out of circulation 把 out of circulation 这个原词搬来，却换成把手写书全挤出流通，主语被换、范围被夸大成绝对）；C 项属偷换概念（录音说 cover the costs of production and make a profit，赚钱的是出版商；C项 it made writing a very profitable career 借用 profit 一词，却把它扯到写作成为赚钱职业上，录音从没说写作变成了盈利行当，属偷换概念）；D 项属与原文相反（录音段尾明确说 it also reduced choice，印刷术也减少了选择；D项 it provided readers with more choices 说给读者更多选择，方向与原文完全相反，是典型的正话反说），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 15 题：What was the great cultural impact of printing? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 15 题是细节题，正确答案 D）it promoted the growth of national languages。答案句出自录音「The great cultural impact of printing was that it facilitated the growth of national languages」（印刷术重大的文化影响在于它推动了民族语言的发展），靠段首主题句 + 题干同词 great cultural impact定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（it facilitated the growth of national languages ↔ it promoted the growth of national languages）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（录音只说 the market for Latin was limited，拉丁语市场有限；A项 it accelerated the extinction of the Latin language 借用 Latin 一词，却夸张成加速拉丁语灭绝，市场有限不等于灭绝，属过度推断）；B 项属原词陷阱（录音 producing dictionaries and grammar books 里 grammar books 只是印刷术固定语言的手段之一，B项 standardized the publication of grammar books 把这个细节词搬来当作重大影响，是听到原词就想选的陷阱，且原文是用语法书去规范语言，不是规范语法书的出版）；C 项属未提及（录音说 the book trade soon produced translations into the national languages，书业产出了译本；C项 turned translation into a welcome profession 借用 translation 一词，却说让翻译成了受欢迎的职业，录音从没说翻译变成一种职业，属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 16 题：What does the speaker say about many college graduates? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 D）They choose a job without thinking it through。答案句出自录音「Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives, and get a job without really thinking about it」（很多人从中学或大学毕业时并不知道自己想做什么，于是没怎么认真考虑就随便找了份工作），靠群体词 graduate 直接点名 + 行为描述定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（get a job without really thinking about it ↔ They choose a job without thinking it through.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（They spend an average of one year finding a job. 盗用了录音里 Your working life lasts an average of forty years 的 average 和数字感，但原文的"average"修饰的是"工作生涯长达四十年"，根本不是"花一年找工作"，是把数字嫁接到错误对象上）；C 项属原词陷阱（They become stuck in the same job for decades. 盗用了录音 stuck in a job they hate 的"stuck"，但原文说的是"困在一份讨厌的工作里"，并没说"同一份工作几十年(for decades)"，凭空加了时间夸大，且原文这是"others"(部分人)的情形、不是讲"many college graduates"的整体说法）；A 项属未提及（It promoted the growth of national languages 既与"选职业"主题无关，录音里也根本没有 national languages 的任何内容，是和全篇脱节的无关干扰），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 17 题：What does the Australian website suggest you do first to find a suitable job? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 B）find out what job choices are available。答案句出自录音「Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. The site suggests you should do the same with your career—find out what jobs are available and what your options are」（看电影前，你会先查有哪些电影在上映。该网站建议你对职业也照此办理——弄清有哪些工作可选、你都有哪些选项），靠次序词 Before + 类比 do the same 引出第一步定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（find out what jobs are available and what your options are ↔ find out what job choices are available.）。其余选项：C 项属原词陷阱（watch a film about ways of job hunting. 盗用了录音反复出现的 Before you see a movie 里的 movie/film，但录音是拿"看电影"打比方，从没建议你真去看一部关于找工作的电影，把比喻误当字面动作）；D 项属答非所问（decide which job is most attractive to you. 对应录音 decide which movie you like best/decide which job will suit your personality，但那是类比里的"第二步"(决定喜欢哪个)，题干问的是 first，答非所问）；A 项属未提及（see if there will be chances for promotion. 讲"晋升机会"，录音讲第一步时只说"弄清有哪些工作"，全篇没有 promotion 的对应内容，属凭空添加），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 18 题：What should you think about when you look for the right job according to the Australian website? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 A）the qualifications you have。答案句出自录音「Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences: Have you traveled overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license, for example?」（有些工作要求你具备某些人生经历：你出过国吗？除了学位，你还有别的证书吗，比如急救执照？），靠require you to have + 列举证书学历，对应"资历"定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license ↔ the qualifications you have.）。其余选项：C 项属偷换概念（the culture of your target company. 看似呼应录音谈的"personality / suit"，但录音 decide which job will suit your personality 说的是工作要合"你的个性"，不是"目标公司的文化"，把"个人个性"偷换成"公司文化"）；D 项属偷换概念（the work environment you will be in. 借了录音 If you like working alone、physical state 等说法的影子，但录音讲的是"你的体能状态、是否喜欢独自工作"这类自身条件，不是客观的"工作环境"，属概念偏移）；B 项属未提及（the pay you are going to get. 是人人觉得择业"当然要看"的因素，但该网站谈的是 life experiences、certificates、physical state、personality，从头到尾没提 pay/salary，纯属凭常识硬填），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 19 题：What does the speaker say about Kwanzaa? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It is a cultural festival founded for African-Americans。答案句出自录音「Kwanzaa is a cultural festival during which African-Americans celebrate and reflect upon their rich heritage as the products of two worlds」（Kwanzaa 是一个文化节日，非裔美国人在节日期间庆祝并反思他们作为两个世界产物的丰厚传统），靠开篇下定义句 is a cultural festival定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a cultural festival ↔ a cultural festival；during which African-Americans celebrate ↔ for African-Americans）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（It is as important as Christmas for African-Americans. 拿它和圣诞节比重要性，录音从头到尾没有任何 与圣诞节同等重要 的比较，纯属臆造）；C 项属与原文相反（an ancient festival 借用了录音真有的 festival，但把它说成 古老的；录音明说这是经研究后新设立的节日（the new holiday），与 ancient 正相反）；D 项属与原文相反（a religious festival 同样借 festival 设饵，却把性质改成宗教；录音明确说它是 a cultural festival，文化与宗教正相反），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 20 题：For what purpose did Dr. Karenga create the special holiday? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 20 题是目的题，正确答案 C）to help African-Americans to realize their goals。答案句出自录音「Kwanzaa is based on seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith. One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday」（Kwanzaa 建立在七项原则之上，分别是团结、自决、集体劳动与责任、合作经济、目标、创造力和信仰。节日期间每天突出其中一项原则），靠节日围绕七项原则展开，指向其引导作用定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（seven principles which are unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith ↔ to realize their goals；One principle is highlighted each day of the holiday. ↔ to help African-Americans）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（to urge African-Americans to do more for society. 把目的说成督促为社会多做事，录音只讲个人围绕原则反思，并无 为社会多做贡献 的诉求，是无据的引申）；B 项属偷换概念（to call on African-Americans to worship their gods. 借用了录音七原则里的 faith（信仰），却把它偷换成 敬拜神明；此处的 faith 是世俗原则之一，并非宗教崇拜，录音也强调这是文化节而非宗教节）；D 项属答非所问（to remind African-Americans of their sufferings. 把目的定在回顾苦难上，录音讲创立宗旨时落在积极原则与传统传承，并无 让人记住苦难 这一目的（红蜡烛象征 struggles 是象征意义，非创立目的）），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 21 题：What does the word "Kwanzaa" mean? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 21 题是细节题，正确答案 B）the first fruits of the harvest。答案句出自录音「Kwanzaa is a Kiswahili word meaning "the first fruits of the harvest."」（Kwanzaa 是一个斯瓦希里语词，意思是 收获的初熟果实），靠释义句 a word meaning …定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（the first fruits of the harvest ↔ the first fruits of the harvest.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（faith in self-determination. 拼用了录音七原则中的 self-determination 和 faith，但那是节日的原则、不是 Kwanzaa 这个词的意思，答非所问）；C 项属原词陷阱（unity and cooperative economics. 取自录音七原则里的 unity 和 cooperative economics，同样是原则而非词义，与本题问的 the word mean 不对应）；D 项属原词陷阱（creative work and achievement. 化用了录音七原则里的 creativity，把原则改头换面当词义；Kwanzaa 的字面意思是收获初果，与 创造性工作 无关），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 22 题：What do people do while each candle is being lit at the Kwanzaa celebration? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 22 题是细节题，正确答案 A）they recite a principle。答案句出自录音「While the candle is being lit, a principle is recited; then each person present takes a turn to speak about the importance that principle has to himself or herself」（在点蜡烛的同时，会诵读一项原则；然后在场每个人轮流讲述这项原则对自己的意义），靠题干 while 句与原文 While 句严丝合缝定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（a principle is recited ↔ they recite a principle.）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（they take a solemn oath. 说人们郑重宣誓，录音通篇没有任何 宣誓 的环节，纯属添加）；C 项属张冠李戴（they drink wine from the unity cup. 借用了录音真有的 the unity cup 和饮用动作，但那发生在后面的缅怀环节（That person then drinks from the cup），并非 点蜡烛的同时；时点错配）；D 项属张冠李戴（they call out their ancestors' names. 取自录音的 names of African-American leaders and heroes are called out，但那在缅怀逝者的仪式段，发生在点蜡烛之后，不是 while … is being lit 这一时点），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 23 题：What has research concluded about the Mediterranean diet? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 23 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It is one of the world's most healthy diets。答案句出自录音「Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy」（几位知名营养学家和多项研究项目得出结论：就预防心脏病、癌症等疾病和延长寿命而言，这种饮食是世界上最健康的饮食之一），靠下结论动词concluded定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（this diet is one of the most healthful in the world ↔ It is one of the world's most healthy diets.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音确实念到 dairy products，但说的是 Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat，而饱和脂肪主要来自肉和乳制品，等于乳制品是少用的，选项 contains large amounts of dairy products 把少说成大量，盗用原词却说反了）；C 项属与原文相反（录音说国际关注始于 back in the late 1950s，而这饮食习惯 developed over thousands of years，根本不是近年才影响世界，选项 began to impact the world in recent years 与原文相反）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音只说 the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish，鱼只是物产之一，与水果蔬菜、面包、橄榄油并列，选项 consists mainly of various kinds of seafood 用 mainly 把鱼夸成主体，是以偏概全），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 24 题：What do we learn about the Seven Countries Study? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 C）It is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind。答案句出自录音「Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed」（这项研究名为《七国研究》，被认为是同类研究中有史以来最伟大的研究之一），靠拔高评价句considered定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（it is considered one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed ↔ It is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音说数据来自 nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy…，13,000 是被调查的男性、来自七个国家，选项 13,000 researchers from Asia, Europe and America 把被研究者偷换成研究者、把国别也改了，是张冠李戴）；B 项（录音说研究始于 back in the late 1950s，1950s 这个时间没错，但参与国是希腊、意大利、日本、芬兰等遍布多洲的国家，并非 seven mid-eastern countries，选项把国别说成七个中东国家，与原文相反）；D 项属未提及（录音只说 International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began，讲的是国际兴趣的开端，并没说这项研究引起了全世界医生的注意，选项 drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over 属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 25 题：What do we learn about the Mediterranean people from the Seven Countries Study? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语六级2017年12月第1套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 D）they have lower mortality rates。答案句出自录音「The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease」（地中海人群在所有年龄段、由所有死因导致的死亡率都更低，尤其是心脏病导致的死亡率），靠结论后的研究发现句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates ↔ they have lower mortality rates.）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（录音讲的是研究测出的客观结果 significant health advantages 和死亡率，从没说这群人主观上 care much about their health，这是把客观数据推成主观态度，过度推断）；B 项属与原文相反（录音明确说 the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets，脂肪并不低，选项 eat foods with little fat 与原文相反，盗用了 fat 一词却说反了高低）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音说脂肪 mostly in the form of olive oil，强调的是用橄榄油这种不饱和脂肪、用量并不小，选项 use little oil in cooking 既盗用 oil 又说成少用油，与原文相反，且这题问的是研究发现的结果而非烹饪习惯，答非所问），均可排除。