2017年12月·第1套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton 是 What do we learn about X 句式，问的是文中关于某人的具体陈述，属于典型细节题。

题干 What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton 结构平铺直叙：特殊疑问句 What do we learn about + 介宾 chemist John Pemberton，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • another ingredient, less infamous, perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut↔a strangely potent ingredient
  • Pemberton's sweet brew↔a food supplement

  预判要点是"用了 strangely potent 原料"，a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement 把这一要点逐字搬入，且 in a food supplement 与定位句的 tonic 语境吻合，故锁定 A。

• B)与原文相反

  a drink containing alcohol without breaking law 谎称这款饮料"含酒"。原文 Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol 恰恰相反——他的甜饮是为了绕开禁酒令，本身不含酒。

• C)张冠李戴

  He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed 称 Pemberton 因 coca 饮变得 notorious。原文 another ingredient, less infamous, perhaps 中 infamous 是修饰 ingredient（kola nut 相对 cocaine 较不"声名狼藉"），并未说 Pemberton 本人臭名昭著。

• D)偷换概念

  He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves 说 Pemberton 冒着违法风险做 coca 饮。原文 a way to get around local laws 中 get around 是"绕开/规避"，并非"冒险触犯"。

题干 What does the passage say about kola nuts 是询问文中关于某物的客观陈述，属于细节题。

题干 What does the passage say about kola nuts 结构清楚，无难句。

• A)过度推断

  Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers 说葡萄牙"定居者"先发现"商业价值"。原文 Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived 只说葡萄牙人最先"知道"，while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast 只说他们参与贸易，未说"首先发现商业价值"，更无 settlers 一词。

• B)与原文相反

  They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food 说 kola nuts 有种"其他食物里没有的"提神成分。原文 they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate 明确说咖啡因"也存在于茶、咖啡、巧克力"——恰恰是"其他食物里也有"。

• C)✓ 正确
  • By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US↔Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century
  • Many made their way into medicines↔for medicinal use

  预判要点是"19 世纪末大量运到欧美做药"，C 的 shipped to Europe + in the late 19th century + for medicinal use 三个要素逐一落到 P5 同一处，毫无遗漏，故锁定 C。

• D)偷换概念

  They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Africa 含"首次从西非进口"的时间设定。原文 by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes 中 still peculiar 是说"到 1620 年还是稀奇"，并未把"稀奇"绑定到"首次进口"那一刻；且原文也未明说 1620 年发生"进口"动作。

题干 How come kola-extract colas became popular 以 How come 起头，问"为什么变得流行"，是对原文已存因果关系的直接提问。

How come kola-extract colas became popular 中 How come = Why，后接陈述结构，结构简单。

• A)✓ 正确
  • cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient↔Cocaine had become notorious

  预判要点是"cocaine 失宠"，A 把 fell from grace 改成 became notorious，正是同义事实复述；其他三项都偏离了句内 when 所标定的原因。

• B)答非所问

  Alcoholic drinks were prohibited 取自 Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol，这是 1880 年代造可乐的背景，不是"cocaine 退场后 kola-extract colas 流行"的原因。

• C)无中生有

  Fountains were set up to sell them 取自 Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold。soda fountains 是销售地点，非 kola-extract colas 整体流行的原因；且原文也未说"设立 fountains"是 colas 流行之因。

• D)与原文相反

  Rights were sold to bottle the soda 取自 As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda——原文用 As it grew more popular 明确把"卖装瓶权"放在"流行起来之后"，是结果不是原因。

题干 What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola 询问可口可乐口味的客观事实，属于细节题。

题干 What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola 结构清楚：被动疑问句，无难点。

• A)过度推断

  It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers 说口味是"为了让消费者上瘾"而设计。原文只提到 capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers——"激起特别热爱"，且这是早期 cocaine 配方时代的描述，并非对 taste 的设计意图说明。

• B)与原文相反

  It still relies on traditional kola nut extract 说仍依赖传统 kola 提取物。原文 it's said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations 直接相反——已不含 kola，改用人工模拟。

• C)无中生有

  It has become more popular among the old 说在老年人中更受欢迎。原文 about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily 只给销量数字，没有任何年龄群体的描述。

• D)✓ 正确
  • attempts to change its taste in 1985 ... proved disastrous↔remained virtually unchanged
  • Coca-Cola Classic returned to store shelves just three months after the New Coke was released↔since its creation

  预判要点是"改味失败、保持原样"，D 用 remained virtually unchanged since its creation 精准等值，故锁定 D。

题干 What is the passage mainly about 是经典主旨题问法，问全文主要内容。

题干 What is the passage mainly about 结构最简单的主旨疑问句，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • By the late 19th century↔The evolution of Coca-Cola
  • You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine↔The evolution of Coca-Cola
  • it's said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations↔The evolution of Coca-Cola

  B/C/D 都只能覆盖文中某一面（成功/药用/商业），唯有 A 的 evolution 把从起源—传播—改味—今日配方的所有段落功能囊括其中。

• B)以偏概全

  The success story of Coca-Cola 强调"成功故事"。文中只 Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily 与 It's become so iconic 属于成功面，且 attempts to change its taste in 1985 ... proved disastrous 还含明显失败叙事，不构成主旋律。

• C)以偏概全

  The medicinal value of Coca-Cola 把主旨锁在"药用价值"上。原文 Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost 讲的是 kola nuts 入药，不是 Coca-Cola 本身的药用价值，且只局限在 19 世纪末这一段。

• D)以偏概全

  The business strategy of Coca-Cola 把主旨锁到"商业策略"。文中仅 the company sold rights to bottle the soda 与 sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales 沾点商业策略，且后者还是失败案例；文章主体仍是历史演变，不是策略剖析。