2018年6月·第1套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 私家车普及与新能源车兴起的社会现象介绍 参考译文与解析

用 it was a luxury 立主干，把"拥有车"挪到后面（主语策略：形式主语it）中文主语其实是动作短语 拥有一辆私家车，直接拿动名词作主语（Owning a private car was...）也可，但更稳的英文骨架是形式主语 it：It was a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car——it 作形式主语、was a luxury 作表语、真正主语 to own a private car 后置。

"对大部分中国人而言"降级为 for 介词短语对大部分中国人而言 不是主干成分，降级成介词短语 for most Chinese people，插在 luxury 之后、to own 之前：a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car，自然嵌进句子，不必单独成句。

In the past, it was a luxury for most Chinese people to own a private car.

private cars 作主语，are commonly seen 作谓语（主语策略：原句主语）本句主语就是 私家车，直接拿来作英文主语 Private cars；"随处可见"是被"看见"，谓语用被动 are commonly seen / can be seen everywhere，主干为 Private cars are commonly seen。

"如今""在中国""随处"作状语，本句结构简单本句是简单句，无需大幅降级：如今 译时间状语 Nowadays/Today 置句首，在中国 译地点状语 in China，"随处"用 everywhere 或 commonly 修饰谓语即可，无多动词需处理。

Nowadays, private cars can be seen everywhere in China.

前后两套主谓：Cars have become...；people drive...（主语策略：原句主语）本句含两个意群：前半 汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分 以 Cars 为主语、have become a part 为谓语；后半 他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游 以 people（他们）为主语、drive 为谓语。两套主谓宜拆成两句或用分号/连接，不要塞进一个主语。

"不仅……还……"用 not only...but also 并列两个动作后半 不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游 是"不仅 A 还 B"结构，用 not only...but also 连接两个并列谓语：not only drive to and from work but also often drive out for trips。"开车上下班"= drive to and from work，"驾车出游"= drive out for trips / on trips。

Cars have become an indispensable part of people's daily life; they not only drive to and from work but also often drive out for trips.

前段 cars grow so fast；后段 governments have to introduce rules（主语策略：原句主语）本句两套核心主干：有些城市的汽车增长速度过快 以 the number of cars（或 cars）为主语、grows so fast 为谓语；这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规 以 the municipal governments 为主语、have to introduce new rules 为谓语。中间 交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻 用 so...that 结果状语从句承接前段。

"过快以至于"用 so...that；"限制数量"用 to do 目的状语增长速度过快，以至于……问题日益严峻 用 so fast that... 把因果包成一个结果状语从句；限制上路汽车的数量 是出台新规的目的，降级为不定式 to limit the number of cars on the road 作目的状语，挂在 introduce new rules 之后，不另起句。

In some cities, the number of cars grows so fast that traffic congestion and a shortage of parking spaces have become increasingly serious, so the municipal governments have to introduce new rules to limit the number of cars on the road.

前段 more people choose to buy；后段 the government has taken measures（主语策略：原句主语）两套主干：越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车 以 more and more people 为主语、choose to buy 为谓语；中国政府也采取了一些措施 以 the Chinese government 为主语、has taken some measures 为谓语。句首 由于空气污染日益严重 是原因状语，句末 支持新能源汽车的发展 是采取措施的目的。

"由于"用 Due to/As 原因状语；"支持……发展"用 to do 目的状语由于空气污染日益严重 用介词短语 Due to the worsening air pollution 或从句 As air pollution becomes increasingly serious 作原因状语置句首；支持新能源汽车的发展 是政府采取措施的目的，降级为 to support the development of new energy vehicles，挂在 has taken some measures 之后。

Due to the worsening air pollution, more and more people now choose to buy new energy vehicles, and the Chinese government has also taken some measures to support the development of new energy vehicles.