2019年6月·第2套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 客观介绍中国方言的现状与保护 参考译文与解析

China 作主语，分述国土与人口（主语策略：原句主语）本句中文是三个并列小句，但真正的主语是「中国」。可把前两个小句 中国幅员辽阔，人口众多 处理成对 China 的描述（China is a vast country with a large population），后一句 很多地方人们都说自己的方言 单独成句、以 people 作主语。主干即 China is... 与 people speak...。

「幅员辽阔、人口众多」降级为 with 短语把 幅员辽阔 译为表语 a vast country，把 人口众多 降级为 with a large population 的介词短语后置修饰 country，避免写成 China is vast and the population is large 这种并列流水句。末句 很多地方人们都说自己的方言 用 in many places 作地点状语前置或后置。

China is a vast country with a large population, and in many places people speak their own dialects.

dialects 作主语，differ 作谓语（主语策略：原句主语）本句主语是 方言（dialects），核心是「差别」。可用 dialects differ greatly in pronunciation 立主干，谓语动词选 differ/vary（比名词 difference 更地道）。后半 词汇和语法差别较小 与前半构成对比，可用 but 引出 the differences in vocabulary and grammar are relatively small。

前后对比用 but＋名词结构呈现前半「发音差别大」用动词结构 differ greatly in pronunciation；后半 词汇和语法差别较小 程度相反，用 but 引出对比，译为 but they differ little in vocabulary and grammar，或 while the differences in vocabulary and grammar are relatively small，让「大」与「小」的反差显出来。

Dialects differ greatly in pronunciation, but they differ little in vocabulary and grammar.

Some dialects 作主语，differ so greatly 立主干（主语策略：原句主语）主语取 有些方言（Some dialects），主干为 Some dialects differ so greatly that...。核心是「差异很大，以致于……」这一「如此……以致于」的因果结构，用 so... that... 句型承载，是本句的骨架。

插入语作同位、结果句降为 that 从句特别是北方和南方的方言 是对「有些方言」的补充说明，降级为 especially those in the north and the south 作插入同位语，用逗号隔开。说不同方言的人 中的「说不同方言的」用定语从句 who speak different dialects 后置修饰 people。结果分句整体放进 that 从句。

Some dialects, especially those in the north and the south, differ so greatly that people who speak different dialects often find it difficult to understand each other.

前半被动 dialects are considered，后半 the number 作主语（主语策略：转被动）前半 方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分 中文已是「被」字句，主语「方言」是动作的承受者，用被动 dialects are considered (to be) a part of local culture。后半 能说方言的人数不断减少 转换话题，以 the number of people 作主语，谓语 has been decreasing。两半用 but 连接。

「能说方言的」降为后置定语，转折用 but后半 能说方言的人数 中「能说方言的」修饰「人」，降为后置定语 people who can speak dialects 或 the number of dialect speakers。前后两半是转折关系（方言重要 vs. 会说的人却在减少），用 but 连接，不要照中文用逗号一平铺。

Dialects are considered a part of local culture, but in recent years the number of people who can speak them has been decreasing.

local governments 作主语，have taken measures 立主干（主语策略：原句主语）本句主语是 一些地方政府（some local governments），核心动词是 已经采取措施（have taken measures）。主干即 Some local governments have taken measures。句首 为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言 是目的状语，句中两个「如……」是 measures 的具体举例，句末 以期保存本地的文化遗产 又是一层目的状语。

目的状语用 to do/in order to，举例用 such as＋动名词句首 为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言 译目的状语 To encourage people to speak local dialects more。两个举例 在学校开设方言课、在广播和电视上播放方言节目 用 such as 引出、动词改动名词并列：such as offering dialect courses in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television。句末 以期保存本地的文化遗产 用 so as to/in the hope of 引出第二层目的：in the hope of preserving the local cultural heritage。

To encourage people to speak local dialects more, some local governments have taken measures, such as offering dialect courses in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television, in the hope of preserving the local cultural heritage.