2019年6月·第2套 英语六级听力真题原文与答案解析

What does the man say he never really understood?

说话人直陈"没弄懂"。男方原话 I never really understood why so many girls were such big fans of her. 直接说出"never really understood"，这正是题干要找的"他不理解的内容"——说话人主动表态的句子就是答案句，不必再绕。

• so many girls were such big fans of her↔so many girls adored Audrey Hepburnbe big fans of = adored

• A)原词陷阱A 把录音里出现过的 Roman Holiday 与 Breakfast at Tiffany's 两个片名拼成"哪部更出名"，可男方说的是没懂"女孩为何爱她"，根本没比较两片名气，属听到片名就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：I've seen the famous films, Roman Holiday, Breakfast at Tiffany's

• B)偷换概念B 说"为何女粉多于男粉"，但录音只说 so many girls were such big fans，从未把女粉和男粉作数量比较；它偷偷把"很多女孩喜欢"扭成"女比男多"，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：so many girls were such big fans of her

• C)张冠李戴C 说"女方为何想像 Audrey"，可没懂的是男方，女方第1段说的是 I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn（她自己的向往）。把"女方的愿望"安到"男方不解的内容"上，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：I would give anything to be more like Audrey Hepburn

What prevented Audrey Hepburn from becoming a professional dancer?

因果词 therefore 引出落点。答案句以 and therefore 这个因果信号连接：前因是营养不良，后果是身体吃不消舞者职业。"therefore"后面正是题干要的"妨碍原因"，是听原因题最该锁定的信号词。

• too demanding on her body↔Her physical condition.身体吃不消=身体状况

• A)未提及A"独特个性"在这段原因里完全没出现，录音讲的是营养与身体，不是性格阻碍了她跳舞，属原文未提及的捏造原因。
• C)答非所问C 说"兴趣转向表演艺术"，录音确有 So she focused on acting instead，但那是"身体原因→所以改行演戏"的结果，不是阻止她跳舞的原因；考生易凭"她后来去演戏"的常识顺手选它，属答非所问。

  借用原文：So she focused on acting instead.

• D)未提及D"家里中断了经济资助"录音从未提及，妨碍她的是身体不是缺钱；它借"家庭/经济"这类听起来合理的常见理由凑数，属未提及。

What do we learn about Audrey Hepburn in real life?

让步词 even though 后才是真意。答案句用 even though in real life 这一让步信号把"银幕形象"与"真实本人"分开：even though 后面的 shy and quiet 才是题干 in real life 要的答案。让步/转折后才是落点，前半的 outgoing 是干扰。

• shy and quiet↔She was not an outgoing person.shy=not outgoing

• B)未提及B"谦虚勤奋"中"hardworking"录音从未提及；虽然 shy 与"谦虚"略有交集易混，但"勤奋"完全没依据，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱C"总体随和"对应的是录音里 very outgoing and charming——可那是"电影角色"(her character in that film)的样子，不是真实的她；考生听到 outgoing 就想选，正中原词陷阱。

  借用原文：Her character in that film is very outgoing and charming

• D)未提及D"通常不太乐观"录音里毫无对应，她被描述为 shy and quiet，与"乐观与否"无关；它利用与 A 同样的 not 句式制造混淆，属未提及。

Why did Audrey Hepburn devote much of her life to charity after her acting career?

回忆受助 + left a big impression 点出触发。答案句先陈述往事 Her family received international aid during the war，再用 that left a big impression on her 点明"正是这件事触动了她"——这种"往事+留下深刻印象"的溯源句，就是动机题的答案信号。

• Her family received international aid during the war↔Her family benefited from other people's help.received aid=benefited from help

• A)未提及A"受所演角色影响"录音从未提及她的善心来自电影角色；动机原文明确归到"家庭受助"，属未提及。
• B)偷换概念B说"父母教她同情弱者"，录音只说家庭"受过援助"，并未说父母"教导"她；它把"family"原词留着却换了动机机制，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：Her family received international aid during the war

• C)原词陷阱C"小时候学会做志愿"借用了录音 when she was growing up（成长期间）这个童年时间，但原文说的是"小时候家里受助"，不是"小时候学会志愿"；听到"小时候"就想选，正中原词陷阱。

  借用原文：when she was growing up

What is the man going to do?

被问者的直接应答。女士问 how is our presentation about the restructuring of the company coming along，男士紧接着应答 I'm putting the finishing touches to it now——一问一答里被问者亲口说在弄这份汇报，应答处即答案句。

• I'm putting the finishing touches to it now↔Give a presentation.代词it回指presentation

• B)原词陷阱录音里 we'll have to be prepared for questions 提到 questions，但那是说要准备应对听众提问，不是男士自己去提问；Raise some questions. 把这个词搬来错安在男士头上。

  借用原文：we'll have to be prepared for questions

• C)原词陷阱录音反复出现 company、new structures 等词，Start a new company. 借这些词拼出开新公司，但全篇只在谈重组现有公司，从没说要创办新公司。

  借用原文：I'll outline the new company's structures

• D)未提及Attend a board meeting. 听着像公司重组场合该有的事，但录音通篇只说 presentation，从未提 board meeting，属凭场景常识臆造、未提及。

What does the man say about the restructuring?

强调句won't加转折。男士用 stress 引出重点，再借 while there will be…but there won't be anyone getting dismissed 的让步转折，把真意压在 won't 之后——不裁人才是他要传达的核心。

• there won't be anyone getting dismissed↔No staff will be dismissed.won't anyone等于No staff

• A)未提及It will cut production costs. 像是重组该有的好处，但录音从没提 production costs 或降成本，是凭常识臆造的未提及项。
• B)未提及It will raise productivity. 同样是想当然的重组好处，录音里 productivity 一词从未出现，属未提及。
• D)与原文相反录音末句 we're looking to take on more staff 明说要多招人，No new staff will be hired. 借走 staff 却把意思反成不招新人，极性正好相反。

  借用原文：we're looking to take on more staff

What will the man explain first?

次序词start with。男士用 I'll start with a brief review of the reasons for the change 的 start with 标出第一项，再用 After that 引出第二项，次序词清楚划定先讲原因。

• start with a brief review of the reasons for the change↔The reasons for restructuring.reasons for the change即重组原因

• A)原词陷阱The timeline of restructuring. 里的 timeline 录音确实提到，但那是 hand it over to you to discuss the timeline——时间线交给女士讲、且在后面，不是男士先讲的。

  借用原文：hand it over to you to discuss the timeline

• C)原词陷阱channels 在 we should let the staff know the channels of communication 出现过，但那是后面才聊到的内容、且非男士开篇先讲，The communication channels. 张冠李戴又错位。

  借用原文：the channels of communication

• D)偷换概念录音说男士第二项讲 the new company's structures，The company's new missions. 把 structures 偷换成 missions，且 missions 全篇未提，既错序又改义。

  借用原文：I'll outline the new company's structures

How can the staff learn more about the company's restructuring?

提议加Yes确认。女士提议 make the presentation and the questions available via the company's own computer network，男士以 Yes, we'll make a page on the network where staff can download all the details 确认，提议加 Yes 的应答即敲定的途径。

• via the company's own computer network↔By visiting the company's own computer network.via即By visiting
• make a page on the network where staff can download all the details↔By visiting the company's own computer network.上网下载即访问网络

• A)未提及By consulting their own department managers. 听着合理，但录音从未让员工去问各自的部门经理，department managers 全篇未出现，属未提及。
• B)原词陷阱录音说 who they can contact or direct questions to 与 collect some frequently asked questions 都提到 questions，By emailing questions to the man or the woman. 借走 questions 又拼上 email，但录音从没说用邮件发给男士或女士。

  借用原文：collect some frequently asked questions

• C)原词陷阱录音 let the staff know the channels of communication 里有 channels of communication，By exploring various channels of communication. 几乎照搬这个词组，但那是说要告知员工有哪些联络渠道，不是员工据以了解重组细节的途径，属答非所问。

  借用原文：the channels of communication

What is special about the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky international airport?

专有名词复现处即答案句定位锚。录音里 At the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport 原样念出了题干中的机场名，这个专有名词的复现就是定位信号——紧跟其后的 miniature horses deliver a calming force 点明这家机场的特别之处是用小马带来"平静的力量"。

• deliver a calming force↔soothe nervous passengerscalming force = soothe，同义改写
• the general anxiety that nervous passengers always feel↔nervous passengersnervous passengers 原词点明被安抚对象

• A)未提及take care of their pet animals 借用了录音反复出现的 animals、passengers，制造"听到就想选"的诱惑，但录音说的是机场"提供"动物来安抚旅客，从未提到帮旅客照看"他们自己的宠物"，方向反了。

  借用原文：interacting with travelers

• B)原词陷阱carry their language 听感上蹭了录音里 luggage（行李）这个词（选项 language 本身亦显错位），但录音提 luggage 是说动物习惯了 having luggage and people crowding around them"行李和人群围着自己"，并非动物帮旅客搬运，属盗用原词的答非所问。

  借用原文：having luggage and people crowding around them

• D)偷换概念allows passengers to have animals travels with them 用 animals、travel 拼出"允许旅客带动物同行"，迎合常识，但录音讲的是机场"安排"治疗动物去安抚旅客，主语和方向都不是"旅客带自己的动物"，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：therapy horses brought in from a local farm

What are the trained animals probably capable of doing in an airport?

比较级 better at + 题干 probably 双重信号。答案句用比较级 better at finding their way in the airports than the most frequent of travelers 强调动物某项本领胜过常客，且题干的 probably 正对应原文的 probably，这种"突出某能力"的比较句就是描述动物能力的答案句信号。

• finding their way in the airports↔Finding their way aroundfinding their way 近乎原词的同义对应

• A)过度推断Avoiding possible dangers 蹭了录音 The animals don't get startled"动物不受惊"的语境，听感像"避开危险"，但"不受惊"说的是性情稳、不被环境吓到，并非"会避险"，属过度引申。

  借用原文：The animals don't get startled

• C)未提及Identifying drug smugglers 利用大家对"机场犬"的常识印象（缉毒），极具迷惑性，但全篇讲的是治疗动物安抚旅客，从未提到识别毒品或走私者，属凭常识无中生有。
• D)偷换概念Looking after sick passengers 借了录音高频词 passengers，但动物的作用是安抚紧张旅客、让人平静，录音没说照看"生病的"旅客，sick 属于凭空添加的限定，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：helps them to calm down before a flight

What do some passengers try to do?

Some passengers 主语复现 + so…that 结果句。答案句以 Some passengers 复现题干主语开头，又用 so much that 引出结果 they call the airport to schedule flights around their visits，主语对齐加结果句双重信号锁定这就是描述"某些旅客所做之事"的答案句。

• schedule flights around their visits↔Schedule their flights around the animal visitsschedule flights around…visits 近原词对应

• B)未提及Photograph the therapy animals at the airport 利用"旅客喜欢动物"自然联想到拍照的常识，但录音说旅客喜欢动物的表现是"打电话安排航班"，从头到尾没提拍照，属无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes 蹭了全篇的 therapy / therapeutic 与 animals，但治疗动物是机场从农场引进的，录音从没说旅客"自己留养动物作治疗用"，盗用原词后答非所问。

  借用原文：therapy horses brought in from a local farm

• D)偷换概念Bring their animals on board their plane 借 animals 一词编出"旅客带动物登机"，但录音里旅客是被动物安抚、围着动物来访安排航班，并非把自己的动物带上飞机，方向相反。

  借用原文：seeing animals makes them feel much better

Where is the speaker standing?

现场指示语standing at。答案句的信号是说话人自报方位的现场指示语 I'm standing at the 2000-year-old Roman-era site,紧接 scenes that once decorated a mansion 点明这处遗址正是一座宅邸所在,正是 where 的落点。

• Roman-era site↔the site of an ancient Roman mansionRoman-era等于ancient Roman
• scenes that once decorated a mansion↔mansion宅邸点题

• A)原词陷阱原文后文确实提到这些发现出现在 Arles,本项 Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles. 借走 Arles 这个地名,但说话人自报的是站在遗址上(standing at the site),并非紧挨某面 wall,把出现地点偷换成贴墙站立,属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：These scenes are turning up in the southern French city of Arles

• B)偷换概念本项 Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city. 沿用了 ancient Roman 这一真实表述,却把说话人所站的 site(遗址)偷换成 gate of a city(城市的城门),原文从未提及任何城门,属盗用原词后偷换概念。

  借用原文：the 2000-year-old Roman-era site

• D)张冠李戴本项 At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome. 把后文第二段才出现的 reception hall(接待厅)挪到此处,又把地点说成 in Rome;但说话人站的是法国南部 Arles 的遗址、且非站在接待厅入口,属张冠李戴式的原词拼贴。

  借用原文：Patches of paint still cling to the stone walls of the bedroom and reception hall

What do the thousands of fragments display when they are put back together?

原词display直接对接。答案句信号是题干 put back together 与 display 在原文 put back together with great care and display a variety of images 几乎原样复现,顺着这一动作即锁定其宾语 a variety of images。

• a variety of images↔A number of different imagesa variety of等于different

• B)原词陷阱原文确实提到 a woman playing a stringed instrument 可能是 a character from mythology,本项 A number of mythological heroes. 借走 mythology 一词,却把一个举例放大成全部内容,且原文是 character(角色) 而非 heroes(英雄),属原词陷阱兼以偏概全。

  借用原文：possibly a character from mythology

• C)原词陷阱原文举例提到一名女子 playing a stringed instrument,本项 Various musical instruments. 借走 instrument,却把单个举例夸成 various musical instruments,展示的是图像而非各种乐器,属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：a woman playing a stringed instrument

• D)答非所问本项 Paintings by famous French artists. 把绘画的来源说成法国名家,但原文第四段恰恰说工匠很可能来自意大利(came from Italy),且本题问展示的内容而非作者,属张冠李戴与答非所问。

  借用原文：experts believe the artists originally came from Italy

What makes experts think the paintings were done by artists from Italy?

such…that因果结构。答案句信号是 done with such skill and with such expensive dyes that experts believe… 里的 such…that 因果结构:that 前面的 such skill 与 such expensive dyes 正是促成专家判断的两条依据。

• such skill↔The impressive skillssuch skill等于impressive skills
• such expensive dyes↔costly dyesexpensive等于costly

• A)未提及本项 The originality and expertise shown. 中 expertise(专业技艺) 看似贴近原文的 skill,但原文给的两条依据是 skill 与 expensive dyes,并未提 originality(原创性),本项漏掉染料、又添了原文没有的原创性,要素配不齐。

  借用原文：done with such skill and with such expensive dyes

• B)原词陷阱worldly sophistication 确在原文出现,但那是第五段说本地富人想借壁画炫耀见识,与专家判断画家来自意大利毫无关系,本项 The worldly sophistication displayed. 把别处原词搬来答非所问,属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：a wealthy local wanted to show off his worldly sophistication

• C)原词陷阱stunning 一词原文出现在末段说后续拼合或带来更惊人的发现,本项 The stunning images vividly depicted. 借走 stunning 描述图像生动,却与专家判断产地的依据无关,属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：The paintings may yield even more stunning surprises

What do we learn from the passage about the owner of the mansion?

perhaps与or maybe的猜测并列。答案句信号是 Perhaps a Roman official 与 Or maybe a wealthy local 这组 perhaps…or maybe 的猜测并列:原文给出两种互斥的可能、用 or 连接却都不下定论,正说明主人身份未定。

• Perhaps a Roman official↔His identity remains unclearperhaps或maybe等于不确定

• A)过度推断原文夸的是壁画技艺高超(such skill),并未评价主人的艺术品味,本项 His artistic taste is superb. 由画好推主人品味好,是原文没说的过度推断。

  借用原文：The paintings were done with such skill

• C)未提及原文通篇在讲出土的古罗马壁画,但从未说主人是古董收藏家,本项 He was a collector of antiques. 是借古迹话题臆造的身份,原文无对应。
• D)张冠李戴原文说艺术家可能来自意大利(came from Italy)、又提这是一处贸易港,本项 He was a rich Italian merchant. 把 Italian 和 trading 拼成主人是富有的意大利商人,但 Italy 是说艺术家来源、且原文对主人是 official 还是 local 都未定,属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：experts believe the artists originally came from Italy

What do we learn about the research funding policies in the European Union?

因果短语点出政策作用。答案信号是因果短语 Spurred on by funding policies，它点明正是资助政策推动了国际合著的激增，这句把政策与国际合作直接挂钩，是承载答案的句子。

• Spurred on by funding policies, half of European research articles had international co-authors↔They encourage international cooperation.推动合著等于鼓励合作

• B)原词陷阱B 借了开篇 empirical research 与全篇科研话题制造熟悉感，但录音从未说政策侧重基础科研（basic research），讲的是推动国际合著，B 答非所问。

  借用原文：a new approach to empirical research

• C)原词陷阱C 盗用录音原词 empirical（实证），把它包装成政策侧重实证研究；但 empirical 只出现在开场点题，与资助政策的取向无关，属听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：empirical research

• D)与原文相反D 利用 European Union 让人联想到成员国，称政策偏袒本国成员的科学家；但录音说政策推动的是跨国合著，方向恰恰是对外合作，D 把范围从对外合作偷改成对内偏袒，与原文相反。

  借用原文：half of European research articles had international co-authors

Why do researchers today favor international collaboration?

out of necessity领出原因。答案信号是表原因的短语 out of necessity，它领出合作兴起的缘由，随后用 Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated 把这个必要性落到实处，是承载答案的句群。

• Many scientific endeavors have become more complicated↔Many of their projects have become complicated.项目即科研活动近义替换

• A)答非所问A 借了第八段 better visibility 谈论的国际认可这一好处，说成研究者想赢得国际认可的动机；但那是合作带来的回报，不是本题问的偏好原因，属答非所问。

  借用原文：internationally co-authored papers have better visibility

• B)未提及B 用谚语 more hands will make light work 表示人多力量大，听着像在说合作好处；但录音从未表达研究者因相信人多省力而合作，纯属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱C 拼接全篇高频的 international 与趋势话题，说研究者想紧跟国际潮流；但录音讲合作上升是出于必要与可能性增多，从未提跟风国际潮流这一动机，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：creating scientific coalitions across borders

What do we learn about the field of mathematics?

对比加结果双信号。答案信号是对比词 by contrast 加结果词 As a consequence：先以 by contrast 把数学家与爱合作的物理学家对照开，再用 As a consequence 引出落后这一结论，结论句即答案句。

• they lag behind other disciplines↔It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.落后表述近乎原句

• A)偷换概念A 借了 tend historically towards solitude 表达的独自工作，但录音说的是数学家历来倾向独处，而 A 说成数学要求数学家独立工作，把客观倾向偷换成强制要求，偷换概念。

  借用原文：Mathematicians, by contrast, tend historically towards solitude.

• B)未提及B 说数学面临诸多空前挑战，听着与全篇科研主题相合，但录音谈数学只说它因独处而落后，从未说它面临空前挑战，属未提及。
• D)原词陷阱D 盗用全篇高频的 funding，又借结尾 partnerships are rising there, too 暗示的追赶，拼成数学呼吁更多资助以迎头赶上；但录音从没说数学要更多经费，属原词陷阱。

  借用原文：funding requirements that often require teamwork

What do we learn from the Life magazine article?

their discovery of water 是文章交代的核心成果。整句铺陈了气球、高度、望远镜、大气一连串细节，但真正落点是 their discovery of water raised hopes that there could be living things there——"发现水" 才是这篇文章给出的关键结论，前面的气球和大气都是过程铺垫。

• their discovery of water↔discovered water on Venus名词化 discovery 还原为动词 discovered

• A)原词陷阱原文确实说科学家 rode a balloon（乘气球），但乘气球只是观测的手段；Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus. 把 "乘气球升到高空观测" 偷换成 "试图把气球送往金星"，气球根本没飞向金星，是听到 balloon 就抢选的陷阱。

  借用原文：scientists rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet

• C)原词陷阱原文 make telescope observations of Venus's atmosphere 里 atmosphere 只是被观测的对象，文章并没说 "发现金星有大气"；Scientists found Venus had atmosphere. 把 "观测大气" 偷换成 "发现存在大气"，是借 atmosphere 这个原词答非所问。

  借用原文：make telescope observations of Venus's atmosphere

• D)偷换概念文章说的是 rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations——在地球大气层内乘气球用望远镜远观，而非 observed Venus from a space vehicle（从太空飞行器上观测）。气球八万英尺远不等于进入太空，属于把手段升级、与原文不符。

  借用原文：rode a balloon to an altitude of 80,000 feet to make telescope observations

What are scientists' findings about Venus?

discovered + not at all 否定转折后才是真意。答案句以 The very first thing that scientists discovered 引出发现，紧跟 was not at all the Earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed 一个强否定，先推翻浪漫想象；随后 nearly identical to our own planet 才正面给出真实结论——否定之后的正面陈述才是科学发现的落点。

• nearly identical to our own planet in bulk properties such as mass, density, and size↔resembles Earth in many aspectsidentical=resembles，逐项列举概括成 many aspects

• B)与原文相反原文明明说金星 was not at all the Earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed——根本不像小说写的；It is the same as fiction has portrayed. 偏说 "和小说写的一样"，把原文的强否定 not at all 整个反了过来，是正话反说。

  借用原文：Venus was not at all the Earthly paradise that fiction had portrayed

• C)与原文相反原文里 Earthly paradise 是被 "not at all" 否定掉的对象，第 2 段也只说金星 Venus quickly lost its romance（失去了浪漫色彩）；It is a paradise of romance for alien life. 反把这份被否定的浪漫当成发现，与原文相反。

  借用原文：not at all the Earthly paradise

• D)过度推断原文后文确提到金星有 a tortured volcanic history（剧烈火山史）和活跃地表，但本题答案句强调的是金星 "在质量、密度、大小上像地球"，并未说它 "像地球一样发生地质变化"；It undergoes geological changes like Earth. 把不同段落的信息硬拼、超出了本题答案句，是过度推断。

  借用原文：suggested a tortured volcanic history

What information did Russian and American space probes provide about Venus?

found hints + ancient climate 是来源与时间的双信号。Russian and American spacecraft also found hints 直接对上题干来源，its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler, and possibly even friendly to life 给出关于 "远古气候" 的发现——来源词 + 过去时间词双双命中，正是答案句。

• possibly even friendly to life↔a cozy habitat for lifefriendly to life = cozy habitat for life
• might have been wetter, cooler↔might have been保留 might have been 的推测口吻

• A)与原文相反原文清清楚楚说远古金星气候 wetter, cooler（更湿更凉），It might have been hotter than it is today. 偏说 "可能比今天更热"，与原文 cooler 完全相反，是把凉听成热的反向陷阱。

  借用原文：its ancient climate might have been wetter, cooler

• C)偷换概念原文说金星当初的水 much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today——是 "比今天金星上的痕量水多"，比较对象是金星的现在，不是地球；It used to have more water than Earth. 把比较对象换成 Earth，借 water 这个原词答非所问。

  借用原文：much more water than the tiny trace we find blowing in the thick air today

• D)未提及原文讲远古金星是 warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules, splashing around rocky shores（温暖海洋拍打着岩岸），通篇没提雨林；It used to be covered with rainforests. 凭 "温暖湿润" 自行脑补出 rainforests，属无中生有。

What does the speaker mainly study?

开篇自报领域的 specialize in。I specialize in Cultural Psychology 用 specialize in（专攻于）直接报出研究领域，这种自我介绍式的点题句就是主旨题的答案信号，开头一响就该锁定。

• I specialize in Cultural Psychology↔Cultural psychology.领域名几乎原样对应

• A)原词陷阱后文确实大谈 sleep，A 的 Causes of sleeplessness. 借"睡眠"勾人，但讲者研究的是文化如何塑造睡眠，从未把"失眠成因"当作主攻领域，属答非所问。

  借用原文：We've also started to look at how culture shapes sleep.

• B)偷换概念Cross-cultural communication. 与原文 Cultural Psychology 都含"cultural"，但把落脚词偷换成 communication（沟通），而讲者明说的是 psychology（心理学），词面相近、内核已变。

  借用原文：I specialize in Cultural Psychology

• D)答非所问Motivation and positive feelings. 对应第二段 self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings，那只是文化心理学之下的一个研究分支，被当成"主要研究"就是以偏概全。

  借用原文：cultural differences in self-enhancing motivations, how people have positive feelings towards not only themselves

What does the speaker say about North Americans?

对比结构 less…than 锁定时长差。East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do 用 less…than 的横向对比直接给出两群人的睡眠时长关系，这种对比句正是细节题的答案信号。

• East Asians on average sleep about an hour and a half less each night than North Americans do↔They generally sleep longer than East Asians.比较方向对调的同值改写

• A)未提及They attach great importance to sleep. 听着合理，但原文只比时长、从未说北美人"重视睡眠"，属未提及。
• B)未提及They often have trouble falling asleep. 讲入睡困难，原文从未提及谁"难入睡"，把不存在的特点安到北美人身上。
• C)原词陷阱原文 And it's not a more efficient sleep 明确否定"东亚人睡得更高效"，C 的 They pay more attention to sleep efficiency. 盗用 efficiency 一词却拼成"北美人重视效率"，既偷换对象又违背原文否定。

  借用原文：And it's not a more efficient sleep, not like they're compressing relatively more value out of their hours

How did the speaker conduct the sleep study?

转折 Instead 后才是真做法。Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab. Instead, we lend people motion-detecting watches 先否定"实验室"、再用 Instead 引出真实做法，转折/否定之后的内容才是答案落点。

• we lend people motion-detecting watches, and they wear them↔By having people wear motion-detecting watches.操作描述几乎原样对应

• A)未提及By asking people to report their sleep habits. 的"让人自报睡眠习惯"原文从未提及，方法只有戴手表一种，属未提及。
• B)与原文相反By observing people's sleep patterns in labs. 盗用原文 sleep lab 一词，但讲者明说 does not take place in a sleep lab，实验室恰恰是被否定的方式，与原文相反。

  借用原文：Our experiment does not take place in a sleep lab.

• D)未提及By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes. 的"录像"原文完全没出现，只是另一种听着合理的监测手段，属未提及。

What does the speaker say about research on sleep?

结尾概括句 unexplored…cross-culturally。末段 Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally 用 unexplored（未被探索）对睡眠研究下了整体判断，篇章结尾的这种概括句是现状题的答案信号。

• an unexplored topic cross-culturally↔It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.形容词否定转主动否定的同值

• A)与原文相反It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades. 说研究进展大，但原文反复讲 We are still in the exploratory stages 与 an unexplored topic，恰是"刚起步、尚未探索"，与选项相反。

  借用原文：We are still in the exploratory stages of this project

• C)偷换概念It has not yet produced anything conclusive. 同样含 not yet，但说的是"没有定论"，原文从未谈"有无结论"，只说"未探索跨文化"，把对象从"探索范围"偷换成"研究结论"。

  借用原文：Sleep is something that has really been an unexplored topic cross-culturally.

• D)原词陷阱It has attached attention all over the world. 的"全球关注"原文未提，疑似借讲者 I'm attracted to it 里的 attract/attention 类词面拼凑，实际原文只说讲者本人被吸引，并非全球关注。

  借用原文：I'm attracted to it because culture isn't something that only shapes the way our minds operate