2019年6月·第2套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy? 是对原文已明示信息的直接提问，没有 infer／suggest 等推断信号。

标准 What is the purpose of X？ 句式，主语 the new U.S. space policy，无从句、无否定，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  To lay out general guidelines for space exploration. 把原文的 traffic in space 偷换成 space exploration，「探索」是与「交通管理」截然不同的活动。

• B)无中生有

  To encourage companies to join in space programs. 在原文找不到任何「鼓励公司加入」的表述，最接近的 companies are already starting to build massive constellations 只说明现状，不是政策目的。

• C)过度推断

  To make the best use of satellites in space. 中 make the best use of 远超出原文 track and manage traffic in space 的「追踪＋管理」语义，且话题对象从「交通」被换成「卫星」。

• D)✓ 正确
  • track and manage traffic in space↔improve traffic conditions in space

  预判要求落在「碎片」或「交通」两个语义里，四个选项中只有 To improve traffic conditions in space. 命中「交通」且与 track and manage traffic in space 等值，锁定 D。

What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy? 在原文里有明确职责描述。

What is X expected to do under Y？ 主干清晰，under 引导条件限定，无难点；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  Reduce debris in space. 出现在 to mitigate(缓解) the effects of space debris 和 preventing new debris from forming 处，是政策总目标，不是 Department of Commerce 这一具体机构的职责。

• B)偷换概念

  原文 make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies 只管发射前的频率分配，不是 Monitor satellite operations. 这种针对在轨运行的持续监控。

• C)✓ 正确
  • schedule when such new satellites can be launched↔Regulate the launching of new satellites.
  • make sure that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites↔Regulate the launching of new satellites.

  预判要求覆盖「频率＋时间」这两项发射环节的管控，Regulate the launching of new satellites. 用一个上位动词同时统摄，恰是定位句的语义合集。

• D)无中生有

  Update satellite communications technology. 中「更新通信技术」在原文无任何依据，最接近的 radio frequencies 仅指频率分配，并不是更新技术。

What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy? 在原文中有 the hope is that … 的明示表述。

What does X hope to do with Y？ 主干简单，with 表「借助／凭借」。无否定、无比较，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world↔Set international standards for the space flight industry.

  预判要求「全球范围、统一标准、航天产业」三要素同时落实，Set international standards for the space flight industry. 三点全中。

• B)与原文相反

  Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms. 把「标准化」扭曲为 Monopolize 的「垄断」，原文 standardize a set of norms 是建立通用规范，与「独占」是反义。

• C)偷换概念

  原文希望的是 standardize a set of norms，而不是 Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world. 的「便利商业飞行」；后者是「统一规范」可能带来的间接效果，被偷换为政策的直接目的。

• D)无中生有

  Promote international collaboration in space exploration. 把话题从 commercial spaceflight industry 偷换成 space exploration，并增加了 collaboration 这一原文未提的内容。

What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do …? 问的是法规明文规定，原文有逐字依据。

主干 What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do？ 后接 according to … 状语限定来源；动词 required 被动语态隐藏施事者，但不影响理解，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space. 把原文 any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more 这一附加规定截取出来当主要义务；原文里停留时间只是判断要不要核算的门槛，发射方被要求的是分析创造碎片的可能性。

• B)偷换概念

  Account for the debris it has released into space at any time. 中现在完成时 has released 指向已发生的事实，而原文 vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris 是面向未来的可能性分析。

• C)偷换概念

  Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates. 把「分析产生新碎片的可能性」扭曲为「为已产生的碎片做管理方案」，是 dispose of or capture space debris 那种事后处置的语义，而非 vigorously analyze the likelihood。

• D)✓ 正确
  • vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris↔Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.
  • the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris↔any possible addition to space debris

  预判要求三要素同时命中，Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris. 一一对应——thorough ↔ vigorously，analysis ↔ analyze，possible addition ↔ the likelihood that any of their actions。

What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present? 问当下正在做的事，原文有明示。

主干 What are X aiming to do？ 加状语 at present 限定时间。aim to ＋ V 是固定结构，表「目标在于做某事」；结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris. 中 Recycle used space vehicles 与 before they turn into debris 在原文都找不到；原文 dispose of or capture space debris 处理的是已经是碎片的对象，不是回收尚未成为碎片的航天器。

• B)✓ 正确
  • developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris↔Develop technology to address the space debris problem.

  预判要求「技术 ＋ 处理或捕获碎片」两要素同时命中，Develop technology to address the space debris problem. 在动名词→不定式、上位动词替换两个层面均与原文等值。

• C)张冠李戴

  Limit the amount of debris entering space. 对应的是末段次句 the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming——这是政府的重心，主语是政府，不是题干所问的 Agencies and companies throughout the world。

• D)无中生有

  Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris. 中 Cooperate closely 在原文无任何依据，retrieve space debris 把 dispose of or capture space debris 这两个动词偷换为单一的 retrieve，并增加了合作意涵。