2019年6月·第3套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 客观介绍汉语的特征与全球地位 参考译文与解析

主语Chinese＋系动词is＋表语the language（主语策略：原句主语）中文已有明确主语「汉语」，直接作英文主语 Chinese；核心是判断句「A 是 B」，谓语用系动词 is，表语是「语言」the language。汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言 的主干即「汉语是……的语言」，定为 Chinese is the language…，「用作本族语人数最多」整块作 language 的修饰，留到下一步降级。

最高级＋介词短语作后置定语「用作本族语人数最多」是 language 的修饰，按英文习惯后置：用最高级结构 the language spoken by the largest number of people as a native language，或 the most widely used native language。「用作本族语」译 as a native language / as their mother tongue，「人数最多」用 the largest number of people 或最高级 most 表达；「现在」可用 today 置于句首或省略（已由现在时体现）。

Chinese is now the language spoken by the largest number of people as their native language in the world.

主语difference＋谓语lies in＋宾语从句（主语策略：原句主语）中文主干是「区别在于……」，主语取「一个重要区别」An important difference，谓语用 lies in / is that，后接「它是以方块字而不是字母构成」作内容。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字(character)而不是以字母构成的 重构为 An important difference between Chinese and Western languages lies in that it is composed of characters rather than letters。

被动构成＋rather than对比「以方块字而不是字母构成的」用被动 is composed of / is made up of characters rather than letters；「而不是」用 rather than / instead of 表对比，把方块字与字母并列对照；「西方语言」between Chinese and Western languages 作 difference 的后置定语。整句不照中文用 and 平铺，而是「主语＋lies in＋被动从句」一层套一层。

An important difference between Chinese and Western languages lies in that it is composed of characters rather than letters.

主语Chinese＋系动词is＋表语最古老（主语策略：原句主语）主干仍是判断句「汉语是最古老的」，主语 Chinese、谓语 is、表语 the oldest（最古老的）。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的 中「目前仍在使用的书写系统中」是范围状语，留到下一步处理；主干定为 Chinese is the oldest…。

范围介词短语＋still in use定语「目前仍在使用的书写系统中」译为范围介词短语 among the writing systems still in use today，置于句末或句首；「仍在使用的」用 still in use / still being used 作 writing systems 的后置定语。整句重构为 Chinese is the oldest among the writing systems still in use today。

Among the writing systems still in use today, Chinese is the oldest.

转折两分句各立主谓（主语策略：原句主语）这是含「但」的转折复句，两个分句各有主语：前句主语「来自不同地区的人」people from different regions，谓语「听不懂」may not understand；后句主语「他们」they，谓语「交流（没困难）」have little difficulty communicating。他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难 主干为 they have almost no difficulty (in) communicating；「由于汉字有统一的书写形式」作原因状语。

but转折＋since原因状语「但」用 but 连接两个分句显转折；「由于汉字有统一的书写形式」是后句的原因，降级为 since / because / thanks to 引导的原因状语从句 since Chinese characters share a unified written form；「来自不同地区的」用 from different regions 作 people 的后置定语；「交流起来几乎没有任何困难」用 have little / no difficulty (in) communicating 固定搭配。整句不平铺，而是「前句 but 后句」，后句内再嵌「原因状语＋主干」。

In China, people from different regions may not understand each other's dialects, but since Chinese characters share a unified written form, they have almost no difficulty communicating with one another.

主语Chinese＋谓语played a role（主语策略：原句主语）主语「汉语」Chinese，谓语「发挥了重要作用」played an important role，「对团结中华民族」作 role 的范围/方向。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用 主干为 Chinese has played / played an important role，「在团结中华民族方面」用 in uniting the Chinese nation 接在 role 之后。

in＋动名词表作用方面「团结中华民族」是「发挥作用」的方面，降级为 in uniting the Chinese nation（in＋动名词）；「历史上」译 throughout history / in history 作时间状语。整句 Chinese played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation throughout history，无需用 and 平铺。

Throughout history, Chinese has played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation.

主语more and more people＋谓语begin to learn（主语策略：原句主语）主干主语「越来越多其他国家的人」more and more people from other countries，谓语「开始学习」begin / start to learn，宾语「汉语」Chinese。越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语 即 more and more people from other countries begin to learn Chinese；「随着中国经济快速增长和全球影响力增强」作伴随状语。

with引导伴随状语「随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强」用 with＋名词短语作伴随状语：With the rapid growth of China's economy and the increase of its global influence；「快速增长」the rapid growth、「全球影响力增强」the increase / enhancement of global influence 两个名词短语并列。整句重构为 With…, more and more people… begin to learn Chinese。

Today, with the rapid growth of China's economy and the increase of its global influence, more and more people from other countries are beginning to learn Chinese.