2019年6月·第3套 英语六级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What did the author realize 是对作者具体所”想到”内容的直接发问，没有 infer、imply 之类的推断信号，答案应在原文里有近乎对应的句子。

Q46 是标准 wh-疑问句：主语 the author、谓语 realize，when 引导时间状语从句 when he re-entered the corporate world。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipated 说的是”交朋友没那么容易”，原文 didn't emerge as a priority at all 说的是”根本不是优先项 = 不重要”；“难易”和”重要不重要”是两码事，属于偷换概念。

• B)与原文相反

  Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings 表态是”积极关系帮他赶走了孤独”，与原文”作者发现其实没那么重要、连期待都落空了”的语义方向相反；且原文从未说同事关系帮他驱散孤独。

• C)无中生有

  Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment 把公司职场与自雇放在”人际技能要求”上做比较，原文只说作者”再次进入公司发现交朋友不重要”，从未把两种工作模式的人际技能要求拿来比较。

• D)✓ 正确
  • being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a priority at all↔Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected.
  • there was one thing I was looking forward to the most↔as he had expected

  预判说”和同事做朋友不像他原以为的那样重要”，D 把”和同事做朋友”改写为 Building close relationships with his colleagues，把”不重要”改写为 was not as important as he had expected，两端语义完全对应。

What do we learn from many studies 询问已有研究的具体发现，是对客观信息的复述，归入细节题。

Q47 主干 What do we learn，from 引导信息来源 from many studies，about 引导话题 about collegial relationships。无从句、无否定，无理解陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • collegial(同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more↔Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity.
  • team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger↔Inharmonious relationships

  预判说”和谐关系能化解影响生产率的问题”，等价于”关系不和谐就会损害生产率”，正与 Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivity 在逻辑上对应。

• B)偷换概念

  Harmonious relationships are what many companies aim to cultivate 谈的是”公司想培育”，原文谈的是”研究探究关系如何化解职场问题”；研究发现 ≠ 公司目标，属于偷换概念。

• C)与原文相反

  Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product quality 说”对产品质量贡献很小”，原文 can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output 说的是”能帮助克服影响产出质量的问题”，恰好相反。

• D)过度推断

  Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere 把原文里仅作为”被研究的负面问题之一”提到的 conflict 放大成”在职场几乎到处存在”的全称断言，超出原文范围。

What can be inferred 直接给出 infer 字样，按规则归为推断题，需要从定位句做一步合理延伸。

Q48 主干 What can be inferred about relationships at work，from 引出依据 from an academic analysis。被动 can be inferred 等于 we can infer，理解上无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  They should be cultivated 表达”应当被培育”，与原文该学术分析对职场关系”非亲密、不重要、可替代”的去价值化描述方向相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable↔They are virtually irrelevant.

  预判”职场关系无关紧要”，They are virtually irrelevant 用 virtually irrelevant 概括五个形容词的共同语义场，正是这一步推断的最佳落点。

• C)无中生有

  They are vital to corporate culture 谈”对企业文化至关重要”，但原文该学术分析既未提 corporate culture，也未把职场关系定性为 vital，且与 unimportant 直接矛盾。

• D)偷换概念

  They should be reasonably intimate 主张”应该相当亲密”，与原文 can reasonably be non-intimate 中 reasonably 修饰 non-intimate（合理地非亲密）相反；干扰项保留了原文的 reasonably 这个词，但把 non-intimate 偷成了 intimate。

What does the author say about people who are socially lazy 直接问作者对某群体的具体说法，是对原文一句话的同义复述，归入细节题。

Q49 主干 What does the author say about people，who are socially lazy 是限定 people 的定语从句。结构清晰、无否定，无理解陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  They feel Uncomfortable when engaging in social interactions 谈”社交时感到不适”，原文只提到”社交懒人”嫌维系关系费力，从未谈他们参与社交时的心理感受。

• B)张冠李戴

  They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleagues 把”冲突”赋给”社交懒人”，但原文 harmony over confrontation 是描述”看重独立、追求和谐”的人偏好冷漠关系，与”社交懒人”是并列的两类，把另一群体的属性套到当前题问的群体头上。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.↔They are Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships.
  • Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy↔They

  预判”嫌维护关系太费力”，Unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace relationships 把”嫌费力”明示为”不愿付出努力维护职场关系”，正是预判的同义改写。

• D)无中生有

  They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues 谈”缺乏基本沟通技能”，原文从未评价”社交懒人”的沟通能力，只说他们”嫌费力”。

What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships 是对原文已列出的好处之一的直接发问，无推断信号，归入细节题。

Q50 主干 What is one of the benefits，of indifferent relationships 是限定 benefits 的介词短语。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  They provide fun at work 说”提供工作乐趣”，原文 None of that might be as fun as after-work socializing 明示”无关紧要型关系的这些好处可能并不如下班后社交那么有趣”，与”提供乐趣”方向相反。

• B)偷换概念

  They help control emotions 说”帮助控制情绪”，原文 the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships 说的是”无关紧要型关系本身在情感上是中性的”——是结果而非手段，且没有”控制情绪”的意思。

• C)与原文相反

  They help resolve differences 说”帮助化解分歧”，原文 As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work 恰好提示”无关紧要型关系并不总是解决问题的最好方式”——化解问题不是它的好处。

• D)✓ 正确
  • One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning(产出).↔They improve Work efficiency.

  预判”提升工作效率”，They improve Work efficiency 把这一好处直陈出来，与定位句一一对应，是首段并列项里最显眼的一条。