2019年12月·第2套英语六级汉译英（段落翻译） · 客观介绍梅花的文化名花 参考译文与解析

梅花作主语领三个谓语（主语策略：原句主语）中文 梅花位居中国十大名花之首 已有明确主语「梅花」，直接作英文主语 The plum blossom。一句里其实藏着三个动作：「位居……之首」「源于」「已有……历史」。选最能立骨架的「位居之首」作主干谓语 ranks first among China’s ten most famous flowers，把另两个动作降级处理（见 restructure），避免三个动词平起平坐。

另两动作降为分词与并列谓语「源于中国南方」源于中国南方 降级为过去分词短语 originating in southern China 作伴随/补充成分；「已有三千多年的栽培历史」已有三千多年的栽培历史和种植历史（『栽培』与『种植』中文同义重复，英文合并为 cultivation 即可，不必硬凑两个词）用 and 接一个并列谓语 and has a cultivation history of over 3,000 years。三个动作变成『主干谓语 + 分词 + 并列谓语』，层次分明而非三句平铺。

The plum blossom ranks first among China’s ten most famous flowers. Originating in southern China, it has a cultivation history of over 3,000 years.

梅花作主语谓语取绽放（主语策略：原句主语）主语仍是「梅花」the colorful plum blossoms。本句两个动作『不畏严寒』『傲然绽放』中，傲然绽放 是核心动作，定为谓语 bloom proudly；『不畏严寒』『迎着风雪』作背景修饰降级处理。「隆冬时节」是时间状语，提到句首 In midwinter。

不畏严寒与迎风雪降为状语「不畏严寒」不畏严寒 降级为分词短语 braving the severe cold 或 unafraid of the cold；「迎着风雪」迎着风雪 降级为介词短语 against the wind and snow。两个修饰加『傲然 proudly』一起烘托主干谓语 bloom，整句结构是『时间状语 + 主语 + (分词修饰) + 谓语 + 介词状语』。

In midwinter, the colorful plum blossoms, braving the severe cold, bloom proudly against the wind and snow.

梅花作主语谓语取象征（主语策略：原句主语）主语「梅花」the plum blossom。核心谓语取 象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅 的『象征』symbolizes，宾语是三个并列名词 strength, purity and elegance。后半『激励人们……』激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行 是梅花象征意义带来的效果，降级处理。「在中国传统文化中」作地点/范围状语提到句首。

激励分句降为分词或定语「激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行」降级为现在分词短语 inspiring people to overcome difficulties and forge ahead 作伴随状语，承接主干『象征』之后顺势带出。其中『不畏艰难』译 to overcome / brave difficulties，『砥砺前行』译 forge ahead / keep moving forward，是 inspire sb to do 结构里的并列不定式。

In traditional Chinese culture, the plum blossom symbolizes strength, purity and elegance, inspiring people to overcome difficulties and forge ahead.

诗人画家作主语两动作（主语策略：原句主语）主语是 许多诗人和画家 many poets and painters。两个动作『获取灵感』『创作了作品』关系紧密：先从梅花获取灵感、进而创作。可取『创作』created 作主干谓语，把『从梅花获取灵感』降级；或用并列谓语 have drawn inspiration … and created …。这里取后者更贴合『自古以来』的延续感。

获取灵感与创作两并列谓语「从梅花中获取灵感」从梅花中获取灵感 译 have drawn inspiration from plum blossoms，「创作了无数不朽的作品」创作了无数不朽的作品 译 and created countless immortal works，用 and 连接两个并列谓语，二者共享主语 poets and painters。「自古以来」Since ancient times 作时间状语提到句首，提示用完成时。

Since ancient times, many poets and painters have drawn inspiration from plum blossoms and created countless immortal works.

前句主动后句转被动（主语策略：转被动）前半「普通大众也都喜爱梅花」普通大众也都喜爱梅花 主语明确，译主动 The general public also love plum blossoms。后半「春节期间常用于家庭装饰」春节期间常用于家庭装饰 中文无主语、且『被使用』，承受者是『梅花』，故转被动 they are often used for home decoration，让 they(=plum blossoms) 作主语。

两分句承前省主语成并列两个分句主语都指向梅花（前句梅花作宾、后句梅花作隐含主语），可承前合并：前句 love plum blossoms 后，后句用 which 引导非限制性定语从句 which are often used… 紧贴 plum blossoms，或直接 and they are often used…。「春节期间」during the Spring Festival 作时间状语。

The general public also love plum blossoms, which are often used for home decoration during the Spring Festival.

分两套主语切成两句（主语策略：原句主语）这句信息多、主语换了人，宜切成两句。前两个动作主语是「南京市」Nanjing：南京市已将梅花定为市花 取『定为市花』作主干 has designated the plum blossom as its city flower，『每年举办梅花节』降级或并列。后一动作换主语「成千上万的人」成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅，另起一句 thousands of people…。

举办降为并列踏雪赏梅降为不定式「每年举办梅花节」每年举办梅花节 与『定为市花』同属南京市的作为，用 and 接并列谓语 and holds a Plum Blossom Festival every year。后句「冒着严寒」braving the severe cold 作分词状语，『到梅花山』come to Plum Blossom Hill 作主干谓语，『踏雪赏梅』踏雪赏梅 降级为目的状语不定式 to walk in the snow and enjoy the blossoms。

Nanjing has designated the plum blossom as its city flower and holds a Plum Blossom Festival every year. Thousands of people brave the severe cold and come to Plum Blossom Hill to walk in the snow and enjoy the blossoms.