2020年9月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (3)

作者通过 psychologists 进行的 word search puzzles 实验来 illustrate smartphones 对 focus 和 performance 的 disruptive effects。这个 concrete example 让抽象的 negative impact 变得 tangible and convincing，直接 support 了 smartphones 会 interfere with concentration 这一 central argument。Experimental evidence 比 general statement 更有 persuasive power，因为它提供了 measurable results 和 observable behavior changes。

信号词 study experiment research case instance example for instance for example such as take...as an example evidence shows data indicates

仿写： 当你要 argue 某个 technology 或 phenomenon 的 negative effects 时，不要只说 "it's harmful"，而要找一个 well-documented study 或 real-life scenario。描述时要包含 specific details：who conducted it、what the setup was、what happened。模版：In a [study/experiment/case] carried out by [authority], [specific situation] was observed. The results showed that [specific outcome], which demonstrates [your main point]。

第二段通过 multiple causal chains 来 establish smartphones 的 harmful consequences。"Use of electronics...lead to a decline"、"which leads to poor grades"、"which leads to poor health" 这些 explicit causal links 构建了一个 logical chain，showing how one problem cascades into another。这种 cause-and-effect reasoning 让 reader 理解 technology overuse 不是 isolated issue，而是会 trigger 一系列 interconnected problems，effectively supporting 文章的 main thesis about technology's negative impacts。

信号词 lead to leads to result in cause because since as a result consequently therefore thus hence due to owing to bring about contribute to

仿写： 写 causal argument 时要 build chains 而不只是 state single connections。从一个 initial cause 出发，show 它 leads to immediate effect，然后 explain 这个 effect 又 becomes the cause of further consequences。使用 explicit markers 让 logic 清晰可见。模版：[Action A] leads to [Effect B]. This [Effect B], in turn, results in [Effect C], which ultimately causes [Final Consequence D]。记住要 establish plausibility：每个 causal link 都要 make sense。

第三段用 "Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain" 这组 parallel structure 来 emphasize technology 的 multiple negative outcomes。三个 noun phrases 形成 rhythmic repetition，creating a sense of accumulation and gravity。这种 parallelism 让 reader 感受到 problems 的 quantity and weight，reinforcing 作者关于 consequences are serious and multifaceted 的 point。Repetitive structure 也使 message more memorable and impactful。

信号词 and as well as both...and not only...but also neither...nor whether...or comma series

仿写： 要 create effective parallelism，首先 identify 你想 emphasize 的 multiple related points。然后 use the same grammatical structure for each：可以是 noun phrases ("reduction of X, loss of Y, decline of Z")、verb phrases、或 clauses。确保 each element 有 similar length and weight 以 maintain rhythm。模版：[Consequence A], [Consequence B], and [Consequence C] are only a few [problems/benefits/effects]。或者：The [noun] of X, the [noun] of Y, and the [noun] of Z all contribute to [main point]。

第一段通过 compare two groups of students under different conditions 来 highlight smartphones 的 disruptive power。One group had phones "in their line of sight"，另一 group had phones "moved away" 但 experienced a phone ringing。通过 juxtapose 这两个 scenarios 和它们的 different outcomes ("unable to focus" vs. better performance)，作者 effectively demonstrates 即使 phones 不在 immediate reach，mere awareness of them 就能 significantly impair performance。这个 stark contrast 让 negative effect more obvious and convincing。

信号词 however but while whereas on the other hand in contrast conversely unlike rather than instead of compared to different from

仿写： 创建 effective contrast 时，选择 two comparable situations that differ in one key variable。Describe each situation with similar level of detail 以 maintain balance。Use contrastive markers 让 comparison explicit。描述时 highlight the key difference 和 resulting outcomes。模版：While [Group A/Situation A] experienced [Outcome X], [Group B/Situation B] showed [Contrasting Outcome Y], demonstrating that [your point]。或者：Unlike [X], which leads to [result], [Y] results in [contrasting result]。

第二段还呈现了 "Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions...through social media" 这一 causal relationship，showing electronics use causes a shift from face-to-face 到 digital communication。这个 cause-effect link 直接 supports 作者关于 technology leads to decline in human interactions 的 argument。通过 establish 这个 causality，作者 explains the mechanism behind social deterioration，making the criticism of technology more具体 and grounded。

信号词 rather than instead of lead to cause result in bring about give rise to contribute to because since as a result

仿写： 写 causal argument 时要 build chains 而不只是 state single connections。从一个 initial cause 出发，show 它 leads to immediate effect，然后 explain 这个 effect 又 becomes the cause of further consequences。使用 explicit markers 让 logic 清晰可见。模版：Rather than [Expected Action A], [Subject] [Alternative Action B], which results in [Negative Consequence C]。或者：The prevalence of [X] has caused [Y], leading to [further consequence Z]。