2016年12月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author say about present-day universities? 用 say 直接问观点陈述，不含 infer/imply，是对原文一句观点的转述。

题干 What does the author say about present-day universities? 是一个简单的 wh- 特殊疑问句：What 作 say 的宾语，about present-day universities 作 say 的状语补足语，句式平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  effectively tackling real or imagined problems 把原文的 "solve" problems 当真，而原文加了引号、且明说 the actual problems...have deepened——作者立场恰恰是'没解决'。

• B)答非所问

  often fail to combine teaching with research 涉及教学与研究关系，是 Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. 中的话题，但与题干问的 present-day universities 现状无关——把后段次要话题硬挪到本题作答。

• C)✓ 正确
  • the number of people hired—not to teach but to hold meetings—has increased significantly↔over-burdened with administrative staff
  • hired—not to teach but to hold meetings↔administrative staff

  预判要点'开会者激增、教学问题反而加深'，恰好被 over-burdened with administrative staff 一对一覆盖。

• D)无中生有

  lack talent to fix their deepening problems 中'缺人才'这一判断，作者通篇没说——原文只批评行政人员太多、好教师不够，并未说大学缺解决问题的人才。

According to the author 直接问作者笔下的事实陈述，是细节题的标志性引语。

题干 According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? 主句是 what kind of people 引导的 wh- 疑问句，universities 作主语、lack 作谓语、most 是副词最高级修饰 lack，According to the author 是插入语；结构清晰、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • hiring an army of good teachers↔Good classroom teachers
  • hired—not to teach but to hold meetings↔Good classroom teachers

  题干 lack most → 找稀缺端 → 预判即'好教师'，Good classroom teachers 与之一对一吻合。

• B)与原文相反

  原文连用 industry of meeting-holders 与 administrative fixer 双重贬称，明确把 administrators 视为过剩端；Efficient administrators 把过剩端误读为稀缺端。

• C)答非所问

  Talented researchers 中 researchers 仅在 Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. 里以否定方式出现，且没说研究人才稀缺，硬扯过来作答。

• D)无中生有

  Motivated students 谈学生动力，全文未做此判断；作者只说 retain students，没说学生没动力。

What does the author imply about the classes at present? 的 imply 决定本题答案是原文的一步逻辑延伸。

题干 What does the author imply about the classes at present? 是 wh- 特殊疑问句，imply 是谓语，about the classes at present 是 imply 的状语；结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  facilitate students' independent learning 谈自主学习，文中从未讨论；作者强调的是师生彼此熟识，而非学生独立。

• B)偷换概念

  help students form closer relationships 中 closer relationships 与 teachers and students actually knew each other 有部分相关，但原文的对象是师生互识、不是同学之间；选项偷换了关系对象。

• C)无中生有

  more older students than before 把 older students 的修饰语片段拼成本题命题，但原文从未比较过往与现在的年长学生数量。

• D)✓ 正确
  • get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher↔much bigger than is desirable

  预判'现状班级偏大'与 much bigger than is desirable 一对一吻合，是从虚拟句反推现实的标准结论。

What does the author think of teaching ability? 问的是作者对教学能力的明示定性，可在原文找直接对应的判断句。

题干 What does the author think of teaching ability? 是 wh- 疑问句：What 是 think of 的逻辑宾语，think of 是固定搭配（认为…如何）；句式简洁、无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • talent and practice↔talent and practice
  • Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice↔It requires talent and practice

  选项保留原文最核心的两个并列名词 talent and practice，且把 is 改为 requires 仍保等值，是教科书级的同义替换。

• B)与原文相反

  closely related to research 把教学与研究强绑定，正与 Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. 的判断相反——作者明说二者非自动相伴。

• C)答非所问

  a chief factor affecting students' learning 把教学能力定位为'影响学生学习的首要因素'，原文并未把它与学生学习挂钩，而是定位其本质属性。

• D)以偏概全

  can be acquired through persistent practice 只取了 practice 一个并列项就下结论，把 talent 这一并列项整片删掉；与原文 it is not something that just anyone can be good at 也相悖。

What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching? 问明示的建议内容，可在原文 propose/suggest/should 等句中找答案。

题干 What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching? 主干是 What is the author's suggestion，for improving university teaching 是介词短语作 suggestion 的后置定语；句式简洁、无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  teachers to share their teaching experiences 谈教学经验分享，全文从未提出此建议；原文 Center for Teaching Excellence 是被作者批评为骗局的虚假信息交流中心，并非作者倡导的方案。

• B)✓ 正确
  • hiring an army of good teachers↔Hiring more classroom teachers
  • The teachers must be free to teach in their own way↔allowing them to teach in their own way

  预判的两端 hiring + free to teach 在 Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way 一对一齐备。

• C)与原文相反

  Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information 实际是 using technology in classrooms and in online courses 的复述，而作者明说这是 administrative sham——把作者贬斥的做法当成建议。

• D)偷换概念

  encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms 把 replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers 的'用教师替换行政人员'扭曲为'让行政人员进课堂'——替换≠转岗。