2018年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips 问的是作者给出的明确理由，不是让考生自己推，属于细节定位题。

主干是 Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips，宾语从句里 one needn't be concerned about memory slips 是 say 的内容；needn't 是含蓄否定，等于 don't need to。问的是 say 这个动作的原因，所以要回原文找作者给出的解释句，而不是找 memory slips 的描述句。

• A)✓ 正确
  • There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss↔Not all of them are symptoms of dementia

  预判“记忆卡壳未必是痴呆征兆”与 Not all of them are symptoms of dementia 语义等值，且其他选项均无法从定位句直接推出。

• B)无中生有

  They occur only among certain groups of people 用 only among certain groups 给 memory slips 强加了“特定人群专属”的限制，原文未做任何人群限定。

• C)与原文相反

  Not all of them are related to one's age 否定了 memory slips 与年龄的关联，但 the risk of dementia increases with age 与 age-related memory loss 都把记忆问题与年龄强绑定，方向相反。

• D)答非所问

  They are quite common among fifty-year-olds 描述的是“常见性”，对应 After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering——但 Q46 问的是“为什么不必担心”的原因，“常见”是现象而非原因。

What happens as we become aged according to the passage 末尾的 according to the passage 把答案锁在原文已写明的事实里，属典型细节题。

What happens as we become aged according to the passage：主句 What happens 是疑问主语+谓语；as we become aged 是时间状语从句，as=随着；according to the passage 是来源状语。整句结构简明，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Our interaction skills deteriorate 谈的是“人际交往能力衰退”，但 P3 全段讲的是大脑内部生理变化，没有提及人际互动。

• B)过度推断

  原文只说 Certain parts shrink（某些区域萎缩），并未说“停止工作”。Some parts of our brain stop functioning 把“萎缩”夸大成了“停止运作”。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain↔Communication within our brain weakens

  三条变化中只有第二条“脑细胞变化影响大脑各区间的 communication”在选项 C 中精确转述，Communication within our brain weakens 是它的同义改写。

• D)以偏概全

  原文是 Certain parts shrink，主语限定为“某些区域”；Our whole brain starts shrinking 偷换成“整个大脑都开始萎缩”，把范围从 certain parts 放大到 whole brain。

Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously 是 Which 选一型，对应原文里作者列出的严重症状清单，逐项核对即可，不需要推断。

Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously：Which 引导特殊疑问，疑问主语 Which memory-related symptom，should 是情态动词；take seriously 是动词短语，意为“严肃对待”。结构简单，关键在准确理解 take seriously=认真对待/视为危险信号。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before↔Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines

  Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines 把原文两个具体的日常动作（用微波炉、开车回常去的朋友家）抽象成 daily routines，覆盖度最完整，是预判的精确改写。

• B)偷换概念

  原文是 forget entire experiences——忘掉整段经历；Inability to recall details of one's life experiences 把“整段经历”偷换成“经历中的细节”，方向恰好相反——忘掉细节是 P4 的“不必担心”，忘掉整段才是红旗。

• C)与原文相反

  Failure to remember the names of movies or actors 对应 Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie，但原文在 P4 明说这件事 is nothing to worry about，恰恰是“不严重”的代表，与题干 take seriously 极性相反。

• D)偷换概念

  Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends 把原文 forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before（完全忘了路）偷换成 confusing the addresses（搞混地址），且 occasionally（偶尔）削弱程度——红旗要的是“完全不记得”。

What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up 问的是作者明确给出的应对建议，答案是原文 suggests 后的内容的同义替换。

What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up：主句 What should people do 是特殊疑问；when signs of serious memory loss show up 是时间状语从句，show up=出现/显现。注意 show up 是熟词僻义，不是“露面”而是“出现（症状）”。

• A)答非所问

  Check the brain's cognitive reserve 借用了 building up your brain's cognitive(认知的) reserve 的词面，但原文说的是“建立”cognitive reserve 来 prevent，不是“检查”它来应对已发生的严重信号；Q49 问的是“出现严重信号时该做什么”，不是“如何预防”。

• B)过度推断

  Stop medications affecting memory 把原文的 check on medications（让医生检查药物）擅自升级成 stop medications（停掉药物）——医生检查未必意味着停药，是自作主张的过度推断。

• C)✓ 正确
  • going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory↔Turn to a professional for assistance

  预判“去找医生帮忙”在选项里只有 Turn to a professional for assistance 用上位词 professional 概括了 doctor 这一具体角色，其他三项都偏离了“求助医生”这一动作。

• D)答非所问

  Exercise to improve their well-being 对应 get physically active 的预防建议，但 Q49 问的是“严重信号出现时”该做什么——锻炼是长线预防，不是应对突发严重信号。

What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss 问的是 Daffner 给出的明确建议，原文有现成引语，按细节核对即可。

What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss：主干是 What is Dr. Daffner's advice；for combating memory loss 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 advice，表目的，相当于 advice on how to combat memory loss。combat 在此作动词=对抗、抗击。

• A)无中生有

  Having regular physical and mental checkups 谈的是“定期身心检查”，原文 P7 让人在出问题时找医生 check on medications/health problems，但从未提到 regular（定期）做 checkup 这种预防性体检。

• B)与原文相反

  Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain 让人“吃药健脑”，但原文 P6 提到 medications 反而是 memory loss 的潜在原因（medications like antidepressants）。原文不仅没建议吃药，反而暗示药物可能有害。

• C)无中生有

  Engaging in known memory repair activities 提到 memory repair（修复记忆）这一概念，但原文从头到尾讲的是 prevent（预防）和 build up cognitive reserve（建储备），从未提及“修复已损失的记忆”。

• D)✓ 正确
  • keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active↔Staying active both physically and mentally
  • the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive(认知的) reserve↔Staying active both physically and mentally

  四个选项里只有 Staying active both physically and mentally 同时覆盖了脑动与身动，其余三项要么只覆盖一面、要么偏离原文。