2024年6月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph? 是典型的 What does the author say + 段落限定，问的是作者在指定段落对某事的具体说法，无 infer/imply 字样。

题干 What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph? 主干为 What does the author say about X，X 是 the ability to be persuasive；in the first paragraph 是地点状语修饰 say。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • For some of us, persuasion is an instinctive quality↔born with it
  • persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time↔be able to cultivate it

  预判要求“天生或后天习得”两端都覆盖，仅 People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it 用 either...or 句式完整对应两端。

• B)答非所问

  It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action 把首段对“能力来源”的说明换成了“能力的重要性”，回答的不是 What does the author say 这个角度的问题。

• C)以偏概全

  It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers 只截取了“天生本能”那一半（some of us），漏掉了“后天习得”那一半（the rest of us），且把场景窄化到 coworkers。

• D)无中生有

  People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication 中的 art of communication 在首段并未提及，原文只说 the art of persuasion，把 persuasion 偷换成 communication。

Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace? 问的是被广泛重视的具体原因，是文中可直接读出的事实，不要求跨段综合推断。

题干 Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace? 是 Why + be + 过去分词 valued 构成的被动疑问句，主语是 persuasion skills；in the workplace 是地点状语。被动语态把动作发出方（雇主）省略了，考生需要意识到“被谁所重视”的隐含主语在原文是 employers。

• A)无中生有

  They enable employees to be convinced of their long-term gains 中的 long-term gains 在原文找不到对应，原文 long-term mission 谈的是组织的长期使命，并非员工的长远收益。

• B)过度推断

  They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally 中 unconditionally 是绝对化表述，原文只谈“激励”，从未要求“无条件信任”，属于过度推断。

• C)✓ 正确
  • help you motivate them to achieve a common goal↔help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal

  预判“激励同事为共同目标”两要素，They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal 在句法结构上几乎是原文的平移，是最贴近预判的选项。

• D)偷换概念

  They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively 把原文的“让员工 committed to vision”（员工对愿景的认同）偷换成“拓展组织的愿景”（broaden its vision），动作和受体都被换掉。

What should people do to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace? 提问“为达成 X 该做什么”，答案是原文中显性陈述的前置条件，无需推断。

题干 What should people do to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace? 主干是 What should people do，to learn... at the workplace 是不定式做目的状语。考生易把 to learn 误读为定语修饰 do，正确理解应是“为了学会...，人们该做什么”。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion↔Acquire effective communication skills

  预判要求“先做好沟通”，Acquire effective communication skills 用 acquire 动作动词直译 first step 隐含的“获取动作”，匹配度最高。

• B)偷换概念

  Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others 把原文 how to handle conflicts（处理冲突）偷换成 avoid... conflicts（回避冲突），原文从未让人避开冲突。

• C)张冠李戴

  Understand the reason for pursuing their goals 把原文中的“帮别人理解为什么要追求该目标”张冠到“自己理解”，主语错位。

• D)答非所问

  Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans 描述的是听众被说服后的状态（fully committed），是“说服成功”的结果，而题干问的是说服者该做的前置条件。

When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers? 问的是某客观条件下的可能性，文中第四段直陈条件句，可直接定位。

题干 When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers? 主干是 When are you more likely to succeed，to succeed in doing 是固定搭配。考生易把 more likely 误读作纯感情色彩词，应理解为“在何种条件下，更可能”，相当于在问触发条件。

• A)过度推断

  while sacrificing your own 是原文从未提及的“牺牲自我利益”，原文只说“为对方利益着想”，未要求牺牲自己。

• B)偷换概念

  the potential strength of the judgements you make 把原文 they trust your judgement and strength 中的并列两件事偷换成“判断的潜在力量”，concept 被悄悄合并改写。

• C)答非所问

  meaningful relationships you keep with them 是说服力的前提条件（说服者需要做的事），不是同事被说服的触发条件——题干问的是后者。

• D)✓ 正确
  • when they succeed alongside you↔When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you

  预判“双方共同成功才更易被说服”，they will make achievements together with you 是定位句 they succeed alongside you 的同义改写，方向一致。

Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes? 问的是该建议的事实依据，文中末段直陈，无须推断。

题干 Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes? 是 Why + 被动 are advised to do 的疑问句，to bring about... 是不定式做目的状语。该结构隐含的动作发出方是“作者”，被建议方是 organizations and leaders；考生需识别这是在问作者给出此建议的依据。

• A)答非所问

  To convince employees of the value of collaboration 把“顺应大多数人偏好”换成了“说服员工相信协作的价值”——原文是员工自己已经偏好协作，无需再被说服其价值。

• B)✓ 正确
  • A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures↔To allow for the preferences of most people of today

  题干问“为什么被建议这么做”，To allow for the preferences of most people of today 用 To do 不定式直接给出目的-原因，是最贴合预判的答案。

• C)无中生有

  To improve on traditional organizational structures 把“改善传统组织结构”列为目的，但原文 traditional organizational structures 出现的语境是“人们更偏好协作而非传统组织结构”，并未把“改善”它作为说服技巧的目的。

• D)无中生有

  To adapt to employees' ever-changing working styles 中的 ever-changing working styles（不断变化的工作方式）原文未提，原文谈的是“偏好”而非“工作方式的变化”。