2025年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C

文章在第二段通过 listing specific animals 来说明哪些 species 能够 pass the mirror test。作者明确提到 humans、apes、dolphins 和 some birds 这些 concrete examples，这种 enumeration 让 abstract concept of self-recognition 变得更加 tangible and relatable。这些 familiar animals 作为 reference points，帮助读者建立起对 self-awareness 这个 complex notion 的 baseline understanding，从而凸显 fish passing the test 这一发现的 significance 和 unexpectedness。

信号词 such as for example for instance like including namely to illustrate take... as an example

仿写： 当你需要 explain an abstract concept 时，问自己："What are the典型 representatives?" 选择 3-5 个 well-known examples 能够 create a pattern。注意 examples 应该 span different categories 来 show breadth。仿写模版："Only a few X, such as A, B, C and some D, can achieve Y."

第二段开头 "This is a test that demonstrates self-recognition in animals" 这句话是对 mirror test 进行 precise definition。这个 definition 至关重要，因为它 establishes the foundation 让读者理解后续 experimental results 的 implications。通过 clear definition，作者 frames the debate：fish 是否真的 possess self-awareness，还是 test itself 存在 limitations。

信号词 is means refers to is defined as demonstrates indicates represents signifies

仿写： 写定义时要思考："What is the essence?" 和 "What distinguishes it from similar concepts?" 使用 "X is Y that Z" 的结构，其中 Y 是 broader category，Z 是 defining characteristics。仿写模版："This/It is a [类别] that [核心特征/功能]."

第二段提到 "around 18 months" 这个 specific timeframe，indicating when children develop self-recognition ability。这个 precise temporal marker 不仅 provides scientific rigor，更重要的是 establishes a developmental benchmark。通过这个 numerical reference，读者能够 grasp that self-awareness 是 sophisticated cognitive ability，需要 considerable brain development。这为理解 fish passing the test 的 surprising nature 提供了 quantitative context。

信号词 around approximately about nearly over less than more than up to as many as only

仿写： 思考："What measurement can make this more concrete?" 选择 relevant statistics 或 specific quantities 来 support your point。注意 contextualize the number，让它 meaningful to readers。仿写模版："This [现象] is not shown until [具体数字/时间], indicating [结论]."

第二段通过 contrasting different experimental conditions 来 demonstrate causality。作者 explicitly states fish 的 different behaviors：有镜子时 attempt to remove marks，无镜子时 never attempted，看到 marked mirror 时不 remove，看到 other marked fish 时也不 remove。这种 systematic comparison 通过 controlled variables 来 isolate the mirror's role，proving that fish 的 behavior 是 response to self-image 而非 random action。这组 contrasts 是 entire argument 的 empirical foundation。

信号词 when while whereas but however in contrast on the other hand compared to unlike rather than

仿写： 设计对比时问："What's different under different conditions?" 建立 controlled comparison by keeping some factors constant while varying others。Use parallel structure 来 make contrast clear。仿写模版："When [条件A], [结果X]; when [条件B], [结果Y]. These results show [结论]."

第二段最后一句 "These results show either that fish are self-aware or that the mirror test... may be flawed" 是对 experimental findings 的 deep interpretation。这不是简单 restate results，而是 explore implications：要么 expand our understanding of animal cognition，要么 question our measurement tool。这种 interpretive approach 直接 connects to 文章主旨，presenting the central dilemma that drives the entire discussion。

信号词 show suggest indicate imply mean demonstrate reveal point to reflect

仿写： 诠释时思考："So what does this really mean?" 不要只 report findings，要 unpack their implications。使用 "show that" 或 "suggest that" 来 transition from observation to interpretation。仿写模版："These results show/suggest [选项A] or [选项B], indicating [更深层含义]."

第四段使用 onion metaphor："self-awareness develops like an onion, building layer upon layer"。这个 vivid analogy 将 abstract cognitive development 比作 familiar physical object。Onion 的 layered structure perfectly captures 作者想要 convey 的 idea：self-awareness 可能不是 binary state，而是 gradual accumulation。这个 metaphor challenges traditional either/or thinking about consciousness，supporting 文章对 mirror test limitations 的 critique。

信号词 like as as if resembles similar to compared to just as analogous to

仿写： 创造比喻时问："What familiar thing shares structural similarities?" 选择 everyday objects or processes that readers know well。确保 comparison is apt 且 illuminates key features。仿写模版："X develops/functions like [熟悉事物], [解释相似点] rather than [对比的错误理解]."

第二段提到 mirror test 是 "the gold standard test used to denote higher intelligence"。虽然不是 direct citation，这里 reference established scientific convention 和 widely accepted methodology。通过 invoke this authoritative standard，作者 establishes credibility 并且 sets up the stakes：challenging such a foundational test has profound implications。这种 reference to scientific consensus 作为 argumentative foundation。

信号词 considered to be known as according to research shows studies indicate evidence suggests it is widely accepted that

仿写： 引用资料时思考："What established knowledge supports this?" 可以 cite specific studies 或 reference general consensus。用 descriptive phrases like "considered to be" 或 "known as" 来 introduce authoritative information。仿写模版："The [方法/标准], which is considered to be [权威地位], [相关描述]."