2017年12月英语六级第3套真题句子解析： After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to(讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor.

revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to(讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale

中心词 "revelations" 与其同位语从句 "that the government..." 之间被长定语 "by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013" 分隔。读者需要跨越这段较长的修饰成分才能识别出 that 从句是 revelations 的同位语，解释其具体内容。这种分隔增加了句子理解难度，是典型的中心词与后置修饰成分被分隔的结构。

revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to(讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale

这是两层嵌套结构。第一层是同位语从句 "that the government both cozied up to certain tech companies and hacked into others..."，解释说明 "revelations" 的具体内容；第二层是该从句内部的不定式 "to gain access to private data..."，作从句中 "hacked into" 的目的状语。同位语从句内嵌套不定式，形成从句套非谓语的典型多重嵌套。

to gain access to private data on an enormous scale

不定式 "to gain access to private data on an enormous scale" 在句中作目的状语，修饰前面的动作 "hacked into others"，表明政府黑客入侵的目的是获取大规模的私人数据访问权。不定式表目的是其最典型的状语功能之一。

began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor

不定式 "to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor" 作动词 "began" 的宾语，构成 begin + to do 结构。不定式在此充当实际的动作内容，是动词 begin 后接宾语的标准形式。

gain access to

"gain access to" 是典型的轻动词搭配，核心语义落在名词 "access" 上，表示"获得进入/使用的途径或权限"。

结构特征：动词 "gain" 在此语义虚化，重心是抽象名词 "access"，后接介词 "to" 引出对象。介词 "to" 固定不可替换（不能说 gain access in/of）。

辨析要点："access" 后的介词是固定考点——"gain/get/have access to sth"（获得使用权），与 "gain insight into sth"（获得洞察）的介词 "into" 形成对立。句中 "gain access to private data" 完整展示了标准用法。

迁移方法：记住 "gain/get/have/provide access to" 这组搭配框架，"access" 后必接 "to" 表示"对某物的使用权/进入权"；对比 "gain insight into"（深入理解内部）帮助区分介词。写作中可用 "gain access to resources/information/markets" 等表达获取途径。