2018年12月英语六级第2套真题句子解析： As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, "The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves."

The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use

主语 "The Indians" 和谓语 "use" 之间被定语从句 "who are not treated well by their Dutch masters" 隔开，形成主谓分隔。本该相邻的主语和谓语被长达8词的定语从句拉开，造成主干定位困难。这是典型的分隔结构，定语从句作为长修饰语硬隔开了核心主谓关系。

The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves.

此句存在两层嵌套：主句 "The Indians use the seeds"，第一层是定语从句 "who are not treated well by their Dutch masters" 修饰主语，第二层是目的状语从句 "so that they will not become slaves"，同时主句中包含不定式 "to abort their children" 作目的状语。结构为主句套定语从句，再套目的状语从句和不定式。

to abort their children

"to abort their children" 是不定式短语作目的状语，说明印第安人使用这些种子的目的。从句法位置看，不定式位于主句 "use the seeds" 之后，回答 "为什么使用" 的问题，表达目的关系。

to be well treated

"to be well treated" 是不定式短语作动词 "demanded" 的宾语。从结构看，"demand" 后接不定式作宾语是标准用法，表示要求的内容。此处不定式采用被动形式，表示 "被善待"。

threatening to refuse to have children

"threatening to refuse to have children" 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，修饰主句谓语 "have demanded"。从语义关系看，"威胁拒绝生育" 是 "要求善待" 的伴随动作或手段，与主句动作同时发生。分词 "threatening" 的逻辑主语是句子主语 "The black slaves"，构成主动关系。

to refuse to have children

"to refuse to have children" 是不定式短语作 "threatening" 的宾语。从结构看，"threaten" 后接不定式说明威胁的具体内容。这里存在不定式嵌套："to refuse" 作 threatening 的宾语，"to have children" 又作 refuse 的宾语。

they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land

此处存在两层嵌套：主句 "they believe"，第一层是宾语从句 "they will be born again"，第二层是现在分词短语 "living in their own land" 作后置定语修饰 "free"。结构为主句套宾语从句，从句中包含分词修饰。

living in their own land

"living in their own land" 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的 "free"。从结构上看，分词短语紧跟在被修饰词后，表示主动和进行的状态。此处描绘的是黑人奴隶相信自己死后会重生，获得自由并生活在故土的状态。分词 "living" 与其逻辑主语 "they" 构成主动关系。

so that they will not become slaves like themselves

这是典型的 so that 引导目的状语从句的用法。识别要点：

1. 结构特征：主句动作（use the seeds to abort their children）+ so that + 含情态动词的从句（will not become）。so that 前无 "so + adj/adv" 修饰结构，排除结果状语从句的可能。

2. 语义判断：从句表达主句行为的预期目的——印第安人堕胎的目的是让孩子不会成为奴隶。这是典型的目的-手段关系，而非结果关系。

3. 情态动词 will 的作用：表达尚未实现的预期结果，强化目的性。若改为陈述语气的过去时（如 "so that they did not become"），则语义偏向已实现的结果，不再是标准目的状语。

4. 迁移方法：判断 so that 是否为目的状语，关键看两点：(a) so 前是否有程度副词修饰；(b) 从句是否用情态动词表达预期目标。两者同时满足时才是目的状语从句。

refuse to have childrendemanded to be well treated

refuse + to do 是典型的「意愿决策类动词 + 不定式」搭配。核心识别点：

1. 语义特征：refuse 表达拒绝意愿，后接 to do 说明拒绝的具体行为。这类动词的共性是表达对未来动作的态度决策（拒绝/决定/犹豫等），to do 是决策的对象。

2. 结构验证：refuse 作谓语动词，to have 直接作其宾语补足语，中间无其他宾语成分插入。这与 "refuse sb. sth."（拒绝给某人某物）不同，后者 to 是介词。

3. 对比记忆：同类动词如 decide/hesitate/offer 的语义都指向「对未来行为的心理判断」，而 manage/fail 侧重能力结果，seem/appear 侧重表象推断。掌握语义分组有助于批量记忆此类搭配。

4. 常见陷阱：注意区分 to 是不定式标记还是介词。如 "happen to sb." 中 to 接名词，不是此搭配；"refuse to do" 中 to 接动词原形，才是固定搭配。

补充：句中 "demanded to be well treated" 的 demand 虽语义相近，但 demand 不在本知识点的闭集候选中，故不纳入分析（遵循「仅分析候选集内知识点」原则）。

In fact

这是 "in fact" 作为独立副词短语强调真实情况的典型用法。识别要点：

1. 结构判断："In fact" 置于句首，用逗号隔开，独立修饰整个句子，而非嵌入 "in (the) fact that..." 介词短语结构。

2. 语义功能：前文提到黑奴威胁拒绝生育（threatening to refuse to have children），"In fact" 引出更极端的真实情况——他们不仅拒绝生育，有时甚至自杀。这是对前文的递进强化，凸显实际情况比威胁更严重。

3. 功能辨析：此处为「强调」功能而非「转折」。虽引出更严重的行为，但逻辑方向一致（都是反抗虐待的行为），未形成立场反转。若前文说黑奴顺从、"in fact" 后说他们反抗，才是转折。

4. 迁移方法：判断 "in fact" 功能的关键在于对比前后文的逻辑关系——同向递进/补充为强调，反向修正/否定前文为转折。需结合具体语境，不可机械套用最常见功能。