2015年12月·第2套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? 限定到一个具体对象（time displayed everywhere），答案应在原文中能找到一句直接的评价句，因此判为细节题而非主旨/推断题。

What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? 是一个 what 引导的特殊疑问句，think of 是固定搭配，表示"对……怎么看"；time 后的 displayed everywhere 是过去分词短语作后置定语，等价于 which is displayed everywhere。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  makes everybody time\-conscious 是从 the time is everywhere 想当然延伸出来的常识结论，但原文只说时间到处都是、且这是坏事，并没有评价它会让大家有时间意识。

• B)与原文相反

  a convenience for work and life 评价为正向，而原文 That may be a bad thing, particularly at work 明确给出负面评价，方向完全相反。

• C)✓ 正确
  • hinder morale(士气) and creativity↔may have a negative effect on creative work
  • That may be a bad thing↔It may have a negative effect on creative work

  预判答案是"对工作/创造力有负面影响"，四个选项里只有 may have a negative effect on creative work 完整覆盖了"负面 + 创造性工作"两个要素，可直接锁定。

• D)答非所问

  clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life 中 fast pace of modern life 是社会常识话题，原文重点是"时间无处不在伤害士气与创造力"，并未把这件事与现代生活节奏挂钩。

How do people usually go about their work 问的是一个可在原文直接核对的客观信息，符合细节题特征。

How do people usually go about their work according to the author? 主干是 How do people go about their work，usually 是频率副词修饰动词，according to the author 是介词短语作状语，限定信息来源。结构常规，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • a mix of both these types of planning↔combine clock\-based and task\-based planning

  预判要求"两种方式并用"，A 选项明确写出 combine clock-based and task-based planning，是唯一同时覆盖两类、且含"组合"语义的选项。

• B)无中生有

  give priority to the most urgent task 涉及紧迫程度排序，但原文 They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed 描述的是按顺序完成、不是按紧迫程度排序。

• C)以偏概全

  set a time limit for each specific task 描述的是 clock-based planning 的特征（a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m. to noon），只覆盖了"时钟"一种方式，丢掉了 task-based 那一半。

• D)以偏概全

  accomplish their tasks one by one 是 task-based 一类的写法（They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed），同样丢掉了另一半 clock-based。

What did Tamar Avnet and Anne\-Laure Sellier find in their experiments 直接问研究者发现，答案是可在原文核对的客观事实，属细节题。

What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers? 主干是 What did A and B find，in their experiments 与 about clock-timers 都是介词短语作状语，限定 find 的范围。结构直白，无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴

  seize opportunities as they come up 是 Task timers... seize opportunities that come up 描述 task-timers 的句子，被错配到 clock-timers 头上。

• B)过度推断

  always get their work done in time 中 always 与 in time 都未在原文出现；原文只说 more efficient，没有说 always 准时完成。

• C)与原文相反

  more control over their lives 与原文 felt little control over their lives 极性完全相反，原文是"几乎没有掌控感"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • more efficient↔more productive

  预判描述的核心是"clock-timers 更高效"，四个选项里只有 more productive 与之同义。

What do the researchers say about today's business culture? 限定对象具体、问法直接，可在原文找到一句直接对应的研究者陈述。

What do the researchers say about today's business culture? 是 what 引导的特殊疑问句，主干 What do the researchers say，about today's business culture 是介词短语作状语限定 say 的对象。结构常规，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies 暗示"商业文化不支持聪明公司的策略"，与原文 Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies 不符——原文说的是聪明公司将主动把 task-based 纳入策略，不是商业文化在排斥它。

• B)✓ 正确
  • undervalued and under-supported↔does not attach enough importance to task-based practice

  预判要求"对 task-based 重视不够"，B 直接写出 does not attach enough importance to task-based practice，与 undervalued and under-supported 同义。

• C)无中生有

  places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives 把焦点偷换成"工作效率 vs 工人生活"的对比，原文只说商业文化对 task-based 重视不够，没有讨论"效率 vs 生活"。

• D)与原文相反

  aims to bring employees, potential and creativity into full play 把商业文化描述为充分激发员工潜力与创造力，与原文 task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported 的负面评价方向完全相反。

What do the researchers suggest? 题干无任何具体细节限定，问的是研究者整体主张，需要把全文论证串起来理解，按主旨题路径处理。

What do the researchers suggest? 主干极简，是 what 引导的特殊疑问句，无修饰成分。结构直白，无陷阱，但简短也意味着没有定位词，需走主旨题特殊路径。

• A)✓ 正确
  • task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity↔Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work

  预判要求选项同时覆盖"创造性工作"与"任务式安排"两个要素，且语气是建议性的，A 选项严丝合缝，是唯一答案。

• B)无中生有

  It is important to keep a balance between work and life 中 work and life 平衡完全没有出现在原文中，原文谈的是两种时间安排方式的选用，而非工作与生活的平衡。

• C)强加因果

  Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier 把"做创造性工作"当作"让人快乐"的原因，但原文 Task timers are happier and more creative 是说 task-timers 更快乐且更有创造力，并非"做创造性工作就让人变快乐"，且这也不是研究者的最终建议。

• D)无中生有

  A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation 涉及"工作评价的科学标准"，是另一个话题，原文从未讨论 job evaluation。